what was the meaning of the u.s. civil war? grant “this is a war to keep the union together.”...
TRANSCRIPT
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What was the meaning of the U.S. Civil War?
THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)
GRANT“This is a warto keep the Union together.”
“This is a war for Southern Independence.”
LEE
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Main Causes1. Sectionalism2. States’ Rights3. Slavery
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Sectionalism Tendency to be more interested in your particular region than the problems and interests of the entire country
Industrial Economy vs Plantation Economy
Protective Tariffs – High vs Low
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States’ RightsThe rights and
powers held by individual US states rather than by the federal government.
The south turned to this argument to protect slavery
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The Civil War:Union (North) vs. Confederacy
(South)- United States - Confederate States
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Rev 1812 Mex Civil WW I WW II Korean Vietnam Iraq
U.S. War Deaths in Thousands
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A Nation Divided
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THE UNION
Abraham Lincoln:
President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary
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THE UNION
Ulysses S. Grant:
Union military commander,who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed
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__________ Economy based on _______________.
Southern ___________ fed the North.Favored ____________ of slavery.Wanted a high ___________to protect
industries in the North.Believed in a strong ___________ _____________.
THE UNION
Industrial ManufacturingCotton
abolitiontariff
National Government
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THE UNION
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSESLarge Industrial Base to build war materials
Poor Military leadership
Much larger population
Larger area to defend
More Technology
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Squeeze the South
“Anaconda” plan
Blockade Southern ports
Gain control of Mississippi by taking the port of New Orleans
Northern Strategy
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THE CONFEDERACY
President of the Confederacy:
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis:
U.S. Senator who became president of the Confederate States of America
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THE CONFEDERACYLincoln offered Lee
the command of the Union forces but he refused
Resigned from U.S. Army and returned to VA to serve with Confederate forces
He personally was against slavery but believed strongly in States’ Rights
General of the Confederacy:
Robert E. Lee
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_________________ _______________ based on, ________________ , _____________ in particular.
Depended on _________ to produce cotton profitably.
Southern cotton accounted for a majority of U.S. _________ to other countries. The south was a MONEY MAKER!
Hated a _________ because the South also __________ more than the North. Feared a _____________ _____________ from other countries would hurt their economy as well.
Believed in state’s rights, among them the right to ________ federal law and the right of a state to___________.
THE CONFEDERACY
An Agricultural economyCash crops cotton
slavery
exports
tariff importedretaliatory
tariff
nullifysecede
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THE CONFEDERACYSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Large Export economy Few Factories to make war material
Good Military Leadership
Smaller population from which to build an army
People have the will to fight
Less money and fewer Railroads
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Confederacy Strategy
“King Cotton” Plan
Defensive war of attrition (strategy of winning by not losing)
Wear out opponent
G. Washington’s strategy in Revolutionary War
Get European support
Jackson, Beauregard, Lee
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Confederacy Strategy
South - twice the size of 13 original colonies
GOAL: Secession and independence
Jefferson Davis - President
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Civil War Armaments & Technology
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“Why did they fight in lines?”“Were they Stupid?” NO!!!!
Psychology – closeness in numbers. Battles were terrifying
1-150 bullets actually hit somebody
Could see flags above firing smoke fog for formation
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Wagon Trains
Women – had to feed and take care of the men
Confederate Sterling Price’s Wagon Train through Missouri stretched (reportedly) 15 miles
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Howitzers
Threw 12-pound shell up to 1000 yards (1/2 mile)
Could be easily disassembled & carried by mule
Smoothbore Howitzer
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Gatling GunLimited use in the Civil War - 1864
600 rounds (bullets) in one minute
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Ironclad ships Iron covered vessels
Revolving turret (cannon)
Brings an end to tall-masted wooden military ships
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Springfield Rifle
Union Army’s standard weapon
Rifled bore - greater accuracy
150 - 200 yards (compared to 80 yards for smooth bore weapons)
Gives rise to trench warfare
Single Shot? Why not multiple shot?
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TelegraphLong distance communication
Organized troop movement
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Train
Allowed for quick movement of troops & suppliesThis was a huge advantage for the UnionAll major Civil War battles took place 100 or miles less from RR tracks
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DiseaseDisease was the chief killer in the war - claiming two soldiers for every one killed in battle. Hospitals were so unsanitary that one Union soldier lamented: "If a fellow has [to go to the] Hospital, you might as well say goodbye.”
-Ken Burns - Civil War
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Clara BartonShe was a Northern woman who gave water to dying soldiers
She continually risked her life to do this
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The Civil War BeginsSince South Carolina
had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter
Southern General Bueargard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter.
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The Civil War BeginsApril 12 & 13 - Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter
Fort Surrenders - no one killed
Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to end insurrection
Virginia, N. Carolina,
Arkansas and Tennessee
join the Confederacy
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AntietamThe Battle took place in
Farmer Miller’s cornfield.The battle is known as
the Single bloodiest day in the Civil War.
23,500 men were killed in the Bloody lane.
The name of the bridge where the confederates held the Yankees for 4 hours is called, Burnside.
The south used rocks when they ran out of ammunition.
South won the battle.
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The Coming of EmancipationSeptember 22, 1862--
Antietam prompts preliminary Emancipation Proclamation surrender in 100 days or
lose slaves January 1, 1863--
Proclamation put into effect for areas still in rebellion
African Americans flee to Union lines
Confederacy loses thousands of laborers
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How did the ideas expressed in the Emancipation
Proclamation support the North’s war aims?
A. Emancipation Proclamation
• Freed those slaves located in the “rebelling” states
(Southern states that had seceded)
• Made the abolition of slavery a Northern war aim
• Discouraged any interference of foreign governments
• Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army
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The Battle of Vicksburg, MS
• President Abraham Lincoln recognized the significance of the town situated on a 200-foot bluff above the Mississippi River.
• He said, "Vicksburg is the key, the war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket."
• This was part of the Anaconda Plan devised by the Union
• Confederate forces surrendered on July 3, 1863
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The Battle of Gettysburg, PA
July 1-3, 1863, Turning point of the Civil War
Bloodiest battle (3 days), ending with Picket’s charge, only time the South attempts to invade the North, 51,000 Union and Confederate deaths.
On November 19,1863.
President Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address.
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Gettysburg Address "Four score and seven years
ago,"
Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States in the context of the Civil War, and memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners (and the nation) to ensure the survival of America's representative democracy,
That "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
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How did the ideas expressed in the Gettysburg Address support
the North’s war aims?
Gettysburg Address: Nov. 19, 1863
• Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.”
• Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the union andcould freely leave.
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Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse in VA
April 9, 1865
Confederacy surrenders
Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse in VA
April 9, 1865
Confederacy surrenders
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Year Battle Description
1861 April—Fort Sumter, S.C.July—Bull Run, Virginia
--Union forces surrender at Charleston--Union army routed by Confederates
1862 Sept.—Antietam, VirginiaDec.—Fredericksburg, Virginia
--First major Union defeat of Lee--Lee halts Union advance to Richmond
1863 May—Chancellorsville, VirginiaJuly—Vicksburg, Miss.July—Gettysburg, Penn.
--Lee defeats Union and invades North--Grant captures Vicksburg--Lee’s invasion on North halted, Lee retreats
1864 Sept.—Atlanta, Georgia --Sherman’s March to the Sea
1865 April—Appomattox, Virginia --Lee surrenders to Grant, Civil War ends
45TAKS Obj. 5 / TEKS 8.30D also 8.8B
SELECTED BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR, 1861--1865
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Battle of Ft. Sumter (and Bull Run) 1861
Battle of Gettys-burg (July, 1863)
Turning point of the war, lasttime the South invaded North
January, 1863
Lincoln’s order that all slaves in rebellious territories were free.
Appomotox Courthouse-April, 1865 Confederate Gen. Lee surrenders
July, 1863
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The speech above shows that Lincoln believed that the South should — A be allowed to continue the practice of slaveryB pay for the damages suffered by the UnionC receive fair treatment after the warD be punished for seceding from the Union
History
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William CarneyCongressional Medal of
Honor RecipientServed with the 54th
Massachusetts Regiment during the Civil War
He was the 1st African American soldier to receive this award
Under a fierce fire, he was twice severely wounded