what they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Minerals!! What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

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Page 1: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Minerals!!What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Page 2: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

What are they?A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical

composition.

Page 3: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Naturally OccurringThis

Page 4: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

NOT this

Page 5: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Inorganic…cannot form from materials that were once part of a living thing…

Page 6: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

SolidDefinite volume and shape

Page 7: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Crystal StructuresThe particles of the mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and

over again

Page 8: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Definite Chemical Composition

= +Quartz

Page 9: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

How do we tell them all apart??

? ??

? ?

Page 10: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

ColorThe color of a mineral can be used to

identify it…

Malachite

Azurite

Page 11: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Gold

Pyrite

…but color is not the most reliable form of identification for most

minerals…

Color cont’d

Page 12: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

StreakThe streak of a mineral is the color of its powder…this is not always the same color as the mineral itself!!!

Page 13: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

LusterLuster is the term used to describe

how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface.

Metallic

Waxy

Glassy

Submetallic/dull Earthy

Page 14: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

HardnessHow hard a mineral is compared to other minerals, which is determined by a scratch test and rated on Mohs

hardness scale. Fingernail Penny Steel Knife

Window Glass Hard Glass & steel

Everything!

Page 15: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Crystal SystemsMineral’s crystals grow atom by atom in a specific way to form

crystal systems.

Page 16: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Crystal Systems cont’d

Page 17: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

CleavageA mineral that splits easily

along a flat surface has cleavage.

Page 18: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

FractureA mineral that breaks apart in an irregular way has fracture.

Page 19: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

Special Propertiesa.k.a. other cool identifying

features

Fluorescence

Magnetism Chemical

Reactivity

Optical Properties

Page 20: What they are, how they form, and how we use ‘em

DensityEach mineral has a characteristic (its own) density. This does not

change…ever!

Density (g/cm3) =Volume (cm3) Mass (g)

Example:

A piece of quartz has a mass of 9 g, and a volume of 3 cm3. What is the density?

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