What is the purpose of What is the purpose of a peace treaty?a peace treaty?

How to Solve the PeaceHow to Solve the PeaceWhat were the long-term and immediate causes of war? Explain briefly.

How should a peace treaty have resolved these problems?

Peace Without VictoryPeace Without VictoryWilson’s Plan For Peace

Following the first year of The Great War, President Woodrow Wilson began to explain his plans for the peace that would follow the war. 

Most widely known was his message of a "peace without victory" most completely explained in his "Fourteen Points" speech

before Congress on 8 January 1918. 

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points•American President, Woodrow Wilson, anticipated the end of the war and hoped to inspire a peace plan that would solve the long-term problems that caused the war (MAIN).

•He drafted a proposal called “The Fourteen Points”

•He brought his proposal to France for the treaty conference.

The first five points consisted mainly the idea of an "open" world after the war.  Simply translated, these represented:

• Arms reduction

• Non-punishment

• Freedom of the Seas

• No secret treaties

• Free and open trade with the elimination of protective tariffs

Ideals in Wilson’s Fourteen Points

The next eight points focused mainly upon the idea of granting "self-

determination" (personal independence of all peoples)– freedom, independence, self-government - to national minorities

in Europe. Self determinationMost significant, however, was point number fourteen which stressed a "general association of nations" to ensure "political independence and

territorial integrity to great and small states alike."  Formation of the

League of Nations

What did Wilson hope

the League of Nations would

accomplish?

In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty(Lloyd George of Great Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy,

George Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.)

•Germany blamed, demilitarized, forced to pay reparations

•Treaty written without German representation

•Anschluss (Combining of Germany and Austria) forbidden forever

•League of Nations created but Germany not admitted

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

•Map altered with little regard for ethnic or true national boundaries

•Poland created out of Germany and Russia

•France given the Alsace Lorraine province

•Czechoslovakia created out of Germany and Austria-Hungary

•Yugoslavia created by combining Montenegro, Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia, and other small territories

•Austria-Hungary broken up

•England received mandates territorial holdings in the Middle East from the Ottoman Empire

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Effects of the Treaty of Versailles

Great Britain “forgot” about its promises to both Arab Muslims and Jews to create an independent homeland for them in their holy lands

•The United States of America was the only “Big 4” nation not to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.

•America signed its own treaty with each warring nation between 1918 and 1922.

•WHY?

•The USA became isolationist after the war.

•The US Senate disagreed with the League of Nations because they thought that by becoming a member they would lose their independence and get drawn into international disputes.

•The Senate also felt that Wilson was partisan (favoring one political party) and they disliked him.

Wilson’s Lack of SupportWilson’s Lack of Support

Lodge vs. Wilson

Battle Over the Treaty at Home

Republicans opposed the treaty

Isolationists opposed the treaty

Isolationists opposed the League of Nations

Wilson toured the USA to “sell” the treaty. . .Wilson toured the USA to “sell” the treaty. . .

The Aftermath• Wilson Suffers a Stroke • The Senate rejected the Treaty of

Versailles • The U.S. would not sign a treaty

with Germany until 1921• The U.S. never joined the League

1. What is the historical subject?

2. What does this cartoon imply about the League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles?

Will it Survive?

1. Is the artist optimistic that there will be lasting peace?

2. What clues provide the evidence to support your answer to number 1?

3. How has this artist foreshadowed World War 2 and the Cold War?

World War I in Global History

Rise of Fascism

Great Depression

World War II

World War I in Global History

European Dominance Appeared UndiminishedOverriding Significance - Began Undermining of Europe’s SupremacyOverseas Investment DeclinedAmerican Industrial Rise - Global Leadership Crossed the Atlantic