what is jazz? - songs by michael billingsley · what is jazz? defining jazz ... to ‘jazz’ a...
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Defining jazz
a folk and art music tradition developed in the United States that blends African and European musical styles and techniques
a term used to group certain people (i.e. hip hop)
America’s most popular music up until the 1940s
a musical practice widely associated with improvisation
to ‘jazz’ a tune or ‘riff’ (see “let it be” slide)
Bouncing rhythms (i.e. swing) and calculated chromaticism
an art form, not unlike “Classical music”, with complicated musical rules and guidelines (see “Autumn Leaves” slide)
Listen to Edith Piaf’s classic version of the song.
In a jazz sense, the song can be approached in many different ways however.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3vL8guiFFM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xW5V6si5yc8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2s2tPORlW4
traditional - swing
funky
Bebop: Jazz as a folk, urban tradition.
Finding common ground
12-bar blues form
Broadway “standards”
Neighborhood (Harlem) grooves: Uptempo swing and Afro-Cuban
Competition
Progress/Exploration/Discovery
Blues provided musicians with:Bends, slides, vocalizations, etc.
Pentatonic notes and “blues” notes
A standard form to create within
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16
Michael Billingsley
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In pursuit of creativefreedom, sometimes artists choose to play "out"before resolving
Some chords have been altered for more "color"
Jazz players, likecomposers, often opt for moving "shapes"
Playing these notes willsound the "most right"
Chromatic notes area key feature of Bebop and jazz in particular
There are "right" notes for each chord - scale notes
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Pno.
5
C Tpt.
Piano
C Trumpet
Growing language of jazz via “Broadway standards”
Meanwhile, Broadway songs challenged
musicians to navigate more difficult chords.
Broadway composers implied “swinging”
melodies and rhythms.
Wonderful “motive” ideas in this particular song.
Alongside standards drawn from the
“swing” dance band tradition, musicians also
utilized “afro-cuban” dance band songs.
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“Free-for-all” ex.) Re-harmonization
of an Irish folk song performed
as a New Orleans 2nd line groove.
Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow? Carole King
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Tag on last time
Over time, musicians were expected to
choose materials that reflected their own
personalities. In many cases, these are drawn
from the growing American song tradition.
Carole King’s “Will You Still Love
Me Tomorrow”