What are the most important energy sources in foods you eat?

Carbohydrates and lipids

All cells use chemical energy carried by __________________.

Adenosine triphosphate

How is energy released by ATP?

A phosphate group is removed releasing chemical energy in the form of heat

Why is the bond from the third phosphate group removed from ATP?

The last phosphate group is unstable and easily broken

ATP becomes _______

ADP, adenosine diphosphate

Why is it not a simple process to add a phosphate group to ADP?

It requires a large group of proteins

What three types of molecules can produce ATP when they are broken down?

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

What type of molecule is most commonly broken down to produce ATP?

carbohydrates

When glucose is broken down, how many molecules may be produced?

36

What type of molecule provides the most energy through ATP?

lipids

80% of the energy in your body is stored in ______.

fats

Triglycerides break down to _____ molecules.

146

Proteins store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates but are _____ ________ to be broken down.

Less likely

Amino acids are needed to make ______ more than they are needed to make energy.

proteins

Plants make their own food through a process called _____________.

photosynthesis

Hydrothermal vents release compounds called ________ which serve as an energy source for nearby organisms.

sulfides

Organisms that live near Challenger deep use a process called __________ to obtain energy. This process is different from photosynthesis in that it uses chemical energy instead of light to drive the reactions.

chemosynthesis

Photosynthetic organisms are referred to as ____________.

producers

This is the process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy.

Photosynthesis

This is a molecule found in chloroplasts that absorb some of the energy in visible light.

Chlorophyll

What are the two types of chlorophyll that plants typically have and what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum do they absorb?

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b red and blue

What are the two primary parts of chloroplasts that are needed for photosynthesis?

Grana and stroma

These are stacks of coin shaped, membrane enclosed compartments called thylakoids.

grana

The membranes of the ________ contain chlorophyll, other light absorbing molecules, and proteins.

thylakoids

This is the fluid that surrounds the grana inside a chloroplast.

stroma

1. chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun 2. The energy is transferred along the

thylakoid 3. Water is broken down. 4. Oxygen is released 5. Energy carried along the thylakoid

membrane is transferred to molecules that carry energy, such as ATP.

Light Dependent Reactions

1. CO2 is added to build larger molecules. 2. A molecule of simple sugar is formed.

Light Independent Reactions

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

The Equation for Photosynthesis