macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins. what did you eat for breakfast today? copyright ©...
TRANSCRIPT
Goal: By the end of the of this unit you should be able to describe, proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids. This unit will help you understand the make-up of
complex molecules.
• 25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life. – SPONCH elements are the most biologically
important.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• 25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life. – SPONCH elements are the most biologically
important.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
25 of the 100+ elements in the world are essential for life. – SPONCH elements are the most biologically
important.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Organic Chemistry: The chemistry of carbon compounds.– Carbon is the duct tape of life. It holds everything
together.
• Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%
• Other (Trace) 3.0%
• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%
• Other (Trace) 3.0%
• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%
• Other (Trace) 3.0%
• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%
• Other (Trace) 3.0%
• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%
• Other (Trace) 3.0%
• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%
• Other (Trace) 3.0%
• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%
• Other (Trace) 3.0%
• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Carbohydrates
Simple ComplexMonosaccharides
Fructose, Glucose(Fruit and Sugar)
PolysaccharidesStarch, Cellulose
(Grains, Plant Cell Walls)
The Glucose Song.–What are some the functions of sugar to
the human body described in the song / video?
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJvAL-iiLnQ
• Cellulose: The Cell Walls in plants.– Strong sugar woven sugar that allows plants to
be very tall.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.– Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the
Saltine to make a face.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.– Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the
Saltine to make a face.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Testing for the presence of starch.– Iodine turns black when in the presence of starch.– Draw a picture of each test tube and make a
prediction as to which one contains starch.– Test the samples on your tray with one drop of
Iodine. Which have starch and which do not?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Starch is a major component of bread. –We can find starch in breads and pasta,
vegetables, and tubers like potatoes and yams.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
What types of food should you eat before an athletic event?– The night before vs. game time.– Should you eat the same things, different,
talk it over and explain.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting
energy but require more time to break down.
• Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting energy and require more time to break down.
• Simple sugars can be broken down quickly for short energy, Complex sugars have more energy, but it takes longer to break them down.
• Eat Complex the night before, more simple during the event.– A spaghetti dinner during halftime won’t
help you.– A candy bar the night before won’t help
you.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Types of sugars
• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Types of sugars
• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Types of sugars
• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Types of sugars
• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Glycogen: The storage form of glucose, comes from starch in plants.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Carbohydrates: Monomers• Monomer is “monosaccharide”• C:H:O is 1:2:1 ratio• Monomers are “useable” form of energy
Lipids: Polymers
Triglyceride Phospholipid
glyceride glycerideglyceride
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Protein• Function: Many!– Structural (make hair, nails, muscle, etc)– Enzymes (lower activation energy to make reactions
easier)– Defense proteins in the blood
Protein: Monomer• Called “amino acid”—there are 20 types• 3 parts
• Amino group• Carboxyl group• Side chain (makes each amino acid unique)
Nucleic Acids• Function: To store and transfer all information within a
cell and within an organism.• It is the basis of “GENETICS”• It tells how a cell or organism built and programmed.
Nucleic Acids: Monomer• Called “nucleic acids” • 3 parts:
• Phosphate group• Pentose Sugar• Nitrogenous Base (A,T, G, C) : makes 4 types!