western civilizations unit 6 agricultural and economic revolution the revival of learning culture of...
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Western CivilizationsUnit 6
Agricultural and Economic Revolution
The revival of learning
Culture of the high middle ages
C. 1000-1300 AD
Changes in Agriculture
Population explosion (38-74 mil. in 300 years) The settlement of the 9th century invaders led to
peace and stability Climate improved More land farmed = more food Changes in technology (next slide)
Inventions and the Agricultural Revolution (after 1000)
Water and wind mills Heavier plows made of iron (Carruca) Collar harness (horses instead of oxen) The horseshoe The three field system The result
Better crops, more food, better diet Between 1000 and 1300 the population of Western
Europe doubled
The Growth of Trade Population explosion = an increase in demand
The first city states (Venice, Genoa, Pisa) established trade with the East (Asia-Byz-Eur)
Learning of Arabs and Greeks now appears in the West Science / Math
New business practices made trade easier “The Commercial Revolution” Coins (money economy) Banking (letters of credit) Partnerships (joint stock Co’s)
The Revival of Towns Old Roman cities come back to life
Craftsmen now produce goods for trade and create the new middle class or Bourgeoisie
Guilds: Apprentice, Journeyman, Master Organizations of crafts workers (unions)
Government: right to rule themselves from Charters obtained from the Lord
Town Life (dirty, smelly, dangerous) Labor lords eventually become land lords
Serfs become rent paying peasants
Scholasticism: Scholarship Guided by Faith
Bible regarded as the basis of all knowledge First Universities emerge (Bologna, Paris,
Oxford) 1200’s new “Philosopher” Christians
believed that reason could be used to explain Christian teachings Both came from god, should go hand in hand St. Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica
Used Aristotle to explain Christian teaching
Literature and Language The growth of the vernacular: Everyday
speech in a particular region Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterburry Tales (late
1300’s) Written in the language of the people about people
What is the change?
Romanesque v. Gothic Architecture
Romanesque Architecture: 11th and 12th Centuries Fortress like appearance, rounded arch, heavy
ceilings to support massive thick walls, small windows very little light or color
Gothic Architecture (Began in the late 1100’s) Between 1180 and 1270 80 Gothic Cathedrals were
built in France Pointed arches (flying buttresses) high ceilings, thin
walls, stained glass windows, light, color