wepa international workshop february18, 2013 @siemreap · 2015-03-23 · water environment crisis...
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Looking to a Sustainable Water Management in Asia
WEPA International WorkshopFebruary 18, 2013 @Siem Reap
Motoyuki SuzukiAdvisor to [email protected]
Tokyo
Hanoi
BeijingBeijing
ManilaBangkok
Jakarta
Taipei
Kuala LumpurSingapore
DakkaDakka
Colombo
Seoul
Melekeok
Port MolesbyPort Molesby
UlaanbaatarUlaanbaatar
Human Impacts in Asia
Phnon Penh
KathmanduKathmanduNew DelhiNew DelhiShanghai
Siem Reap
Water Environment CrisisWater Environment Crisis
The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because of rapid increase of population and economic activities.
Deterioration of water resources in quantity and in quality will certainly limit future achievement of sustainable development.
Lack of reliable information on the water environment and its complicated structure hinder timely and effective decision making.
The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because of rapid increase of population and economic activities.
Deterioration of water resources in quantity and in quality will certainly limit future achievement of sustainable development.
Lack of reliable information on the water environment and its complicated structure hinder timely and effective decision making.
To Realize Sustainable Water EnvironmentTo Realize Sustainable Water Environment
Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.
Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.
Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.
Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc
Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living
Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living
Sustainable
Generations
Sustainable Systems For Future Generations
DPSIR structures of Water
Environment Problems
• Driving force (Basic causes)– Population increase, economic development,
lifestyle changes, development of agricultural/industrial activities, etc.
• Pressure to water environment– Waste emissions from human livings, industrial
wastewaters, agro‐chemicals, excess fertilizer use, land‐use change, excess consumption of water, diminishing available water resources, etc.
• State change– Bacteria/virus contamination, organic pollution
causing heterotrophic growth, algae growth‐eutrophication, loss of aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity, heavy metal accumulation
• Impact to human activities – Occurrence of infectious diseases, drinking water
deterioration, degradation of fishery productivity, contaminated aquatic products, loss of recreational values
• Response (Policies)
Macro‐policiesIdentification of sustainable human activity vision, Amendment of current paradigms
Environmental policiesLaws and acts for conservation of environment, Technology development for removal and mitigation
Monitoring, analysis, awareness, value‐added information, Recovery of degraded environment
Social systemsCompensation, recovery, Technology development
M. Suzuki
DPSIR structure:Water Environment Problems
.
Organincs, N, P, IC, SS
Algae
Algae Heterotrophs
Sedimentation
Sedimentation
Aeration
Flow Flow
IC, N, PIC, Metabolites
Metabolites
IC
recurrenceSediment, Aerobic/Anaerobic
Metabolites, IC, P
Volatile Organics
Water Quality Model in Eutrophicated Water Body
Metabolites
Dissolvd Orgaanics
Oxygen
PrecipitationForest,Mountainous Area
Agriculture,Stockbreediing
Anthropogenic Sphere
Water supply
Sources
Rivers
Receiving water body
Organics
Sun Light
Evaporation
Sun Light
Factors Influencing Water Qualities in Basin Area
Factors Influencing Water Qualities in Basin Area
M. SuzukiM. Suzuki
Public Water BodyPublic Water Body
10
100
1,000
10,000
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Fresh Water Resources and Withdrawal
in Asia/Oceania (2000)
Fresh Water Resources and Withdrawal
in Asia/Oceania (2000)
Falkenmark’s Criteria1,700 m3/person/day
Renewable Water Resources per Capita,
m3/person/year
Water Withdrawals per Capita,m3/person/year
Population Increase
IncreasingEconomicActivity
KoreaGermany
China
Sri Lanka
Japan
Philippines
Thailand
Nepal
USA
Vietnam
Indonesia
Myanmar
Malaysia
Cambodia
Lao PDRDIADIA
DIA
Q
(Domestic+Industry+Agriculture)
(Domestic+Industry+Agriculture)
Population trends in WEPA countries1960‐2010 (UNDESA, Population Div.)
Population trends in WEPA countries1960‐2010 (UNDESA, Population Div.)
1
10
100
1 000
10 000ChinaUSAIndonesiaJapanPhilippinesViet NamGermanyThailandKoreaMyanmarNepalMalaysiaSriLankaCambodia
Popu
latio
n (m
illion)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Percentage of Population Residing in Urban Areas1960‐2010 (UNDESA: World Urban Prospect (2009))
Percentage of Population Residing in Urban Areas1960‐2010 (UNDESA: World Urban Prospect (2009))
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100KoreaUSAGermanyMalaysiaJapanPhilippinesChinaIndonesiaThailandMyanmarLao PDRViet NamCambodiaNepal
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
100
1000
10000
100000USA
Germany
Japan
Korea
Malaysia
Thailand
China
Indonesia
SriLanka
Philippines
Lao PDR
Vietnam
Cambodia
Nepal
Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)
Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
GDP pe
r Cap
ita (1
991
USD
)
100
1000
10000
100000USA
Germany
Japan
Korea
Malaysia
Thailand
China
Indonesia
SriLanka
Philippines
Lao PDR
Vietnam
Cambodia
Nepal
Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)
Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Industrial Pollution
Poverty Level < $2/day
Urban EnvironmentProblems
Global Climate
Compressed Environmental
Problems
GDP pe
r Cap
ita (1
991
USD
)
Per Capita Domestic and Industrial Withdrawal of WaterPer Capita Domestic and Industrial Withdrawal of Water
1
10
100
1000
100 1000 10000 100000
Domestic DemandIndustrial Demand
With
draw
al per Cap
ita (m
3 /year)
GDP per Capita (1991 USD)
From David Seckler et al: IWMI Research Report 19 (1998), “World Water Demand and Supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and Issues”, Figure 4
WI=0.033GDP0.881
WD=0.485GDP0.564
Per Capita Domestic Withdrawal of WaterPer Capita Domestic Withdrawal of Water
1
10
100
1000
100 1000 10000 100000
Domestic Demand
With
draw
al per Cap
ita (m
3 /year)
GDP per Capita (1991 USD)
From David Seckler et al: IWMI Research Report 19 (1998), “World Water Demand and Supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and Issues”, Figure 4
WD=0.485GDP0.564
Cambodia
Germany
KoreaJapan
USA
Thailand
Philippines
Vietnam
Malaysia
Nepal
Laos
IndonesiaChina
Sri Lanka
Domestic withdrawalin WEPA countries(2000‐2009)FAO: AQUASTAT
Per Capita Industrial Withdrawal of WaterPer Capita Industrial Withdrawal of Water
1
10
100
1000
100 1000 10000 100000
Industrial Demand
With
draw
al per Cap
ita (m
3 /year)
GDP per Capita (1991 USD)
From David Seckler et al: IWMI Research Report 19 (1998), “World Water Demand and Supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and Issues”, Figure 4
WI=0.033GDP0.881
Cambodia
Germany
KoreaJapan
USA
ThailandPhilippines
Vietnam
Malaysia
Nepal
Laos Indonesia
China
Sri Lanka
Industrial withdrawalin WEPA countries(2000‐2009)FAO: AQUASTAT
Coverage of City Water and Sewerage Systems in JapanCoverage of City Water and Sewerage Systems in Japan
100 1000 10000 100000
100
80
60
40
20
0
GDP per Capita (1991 USD)
Popu
latio
n Co
verage (%
)
City Water
Large‐scaleSewerageSystems
1960
20001980
1970On‐siteTreatment,Jokaso
Urban Population Proportion versus GDP per Capita2010 (UN DESA Pop. Div.)
Urban Population Proportion versus GDP per Capita2010 (UN DESA Pop. Div.)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
100 1000 10000 100000
GDP per Capita (1991 USD)
To Realize Sustainable Water EnvironmentTo Realize Sustainable Water Environment
Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.
Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.
Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.
Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc
Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living
Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living
Sustainable
Generations
Sustainable Systems For Future Generations
DPSIR structures of Water
Environment Problems
WEPAProject
• Activities/documents• Dialogues with member countries for Information Sharing• Linkage with WWFs• Annual Meetings
and Workshops
• Database
http://www.wepa‐db.net/index.htm
State of water / Organizational arrangement /Legislative framework / Background / Law enforcement / Cases
Database of technologies in operation / Information on appropriate technologies
Activities by NGOs and CBOs / Governmental activities
Various sources of water‐related information, Global level / Asia regional level / National level
First Phase (2004‐2008)
‐‐‐ Knowledge Sharing for Solutions ‐‐‐• 2009‐11
• Review of Water Environmental Management • Starting with Two Fields of Topics
• Domestic Wastewater Treatment• Climate Change and Water Environment
• Identification of Specific Issues to be discussed• 2012‐13
• Experiences Sharing and Knowledge Sharing among Member Countries through Solution Findings through:• Workshops, Bilateral meetings, Annual meetings etc.• Development of Twinning Programmes for Capacity
Empowerment etc.
Second Phase (2009‐2013)
Common Challenges :Some of the Issues identified by WEPA Partner Countries
Common Challenges :Some of the Issues identified by WEPA Partner Countries
‐ Legislation and Organization: Detailed systems and capacity development required in order to implement a legislative framework‐ Identification of proper paths for a new form of development, leap frog approaches
‐ Ensuring implementation of proper monitoring and data management‐ Adequate settings of water quality standards/effluent standards
‐ Coordination among relevant water organizations and regulations‐ Partnership among NGOs, GOs and various stakeholders, Cooperation between member countries, etc.
‐ Water quality management at the basin level‐ Integrated management?, upstream/downstream relations, diversified stakeholders, multiphase problems, long range optimization, etc.
‐ Legislation and Organization: Detailed systems and capacity development required in order to implement a legislative framework‐ Identification of proper paths for a new form of development, leap frog approaches
‐ Ensuring implementation of proper monitoring and data management‐ Adequate settings of water quality standards/effluent standards
‐ Coordination among relevant water organizations and regulations‐ Partnership among NGOs, GOs and various stakeholders, Cooperation between member countries, etc.
‐ Water quality management at the basin level‐ Integrated management?, upstream/downstream relations, diversified stakeholders, multiphase problems, long range optimization, etc.
Should be discussed at the Annual Meeting of the Governing Board, 19th afternoon.
Third Phase ??Third Phase ??
International Trends of Water Management Activities International Trends of Water Management Activities
• 1972 UNCHE, Stockholm: Declaration of UNCHE • 1992 UNCED, Rio de Janeiro: Agenda 21
– 1992 Int. Conf. on Water and Env. (ICWE): Dublin Principle• 2000 UN Millennium Summit, NY
– Millennium Development Goal (MDG)– 2002 WSSD (Rio+10), Johannesburg
• POI, upgrading MDG• 2012 UNCSD (Rio+20), Rio de Janeiro
– Outcome Document: The Future We Want
• 2015 Target Year of MDG• Discussion platform on Post 2015
– UN‐Water: UN‐related organizations• UNSGAB: Advisory Board to Secretary‐General
– Issues1. Safe drinking water and sanitation2. Wastewater management and pollution prevention, water quality3. Integrated water resources management and water‐use efficiency
• 1972 UNCHE, Stockholm: Declaration of UNCHE • 1992 UNCED, Rio de Janeiro: Agenda 21
– 1992 Int. Conf. on Water and Env. (ICWE): Dublin Principle• 2000 UN Millennium Summit, NY
– Millennium Development Goal (MDG)– 2002 WSSD (Rio+10), Johannesburg
• POI, upgrading MDG• 2012 UNCSD (Rio+20), Rio de Janeiro
– Outcome Document: The Future We Want
• 2015 Target Year of MDG• Discussion platform on Post 2015
– UN‐Water: UN‐related organizations• UNSGAB: Advisory Board to Secretary‐General
– Issues1. Safe drinking water and sanitation2. Wastewater management and pollution prevention, water quality3. Integrated water resources management and water‐use efficiency
WEPA• 2003 WWF3, Kyoto• 2004‐08 1st Phase • 2009‐13 2nd Phase
WEPA• 2003 WWF3, Kyoto• 2004‐08 1st Phase • 2009‐13 2nd Phase
Challenges for Sustainable Water UseChallenges for Sustainable Water UseTo clarify structural relations between expanding human activities, including domestic, industrial and agricultural activities, and water environment so that appropriate responses may be identified.
To promote awareness of citizens and all the stakeholders and to raise the political will to meet commitments to achieve the sustainable water environment.
To integrate/structuralize diverse information on the water environment and to disseminate in a systematic manner
To develop criteria for the formulation of policies and technological measures for achieving a sustainable water environment
To clarify structural relations between expanding human activities, including domestic, industrial and agricultural activities, and water environment so that appropriate responses may be identified.
To promote awareness of citizens and all the stakeholders and to raise the political will to meet commitments to achieve the sustainable water environment.
To integrate/structuralize diverse information on the water environment and to disseminate in a systematic manner
To develop criteria for the formulation of policies and technological measures for achieving a sustainable water environment
2013 is the Year of Water Cooperation2013 is the Year of Water Cooperation