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Looking to a Sustainable Water Management in Asia WEPA International Workshop February 18, 2013 @Siem Reap Motoyuki Suzuki Advisor to WEPA [email protected]

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Page 1: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Looking to a Sustainable Water Management in Asia

WEPA International WorkshopFebruary 18, 2013  @Siem Reap

Motoyuki SuzukiAdvisor to [email protected]

Page 2: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because
Page 3: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because
Page 4: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Tokyo

Hanoi

BeijingBeijing

ManilaBangkok

Jakarta

Taipei

Kuala LumpurSingapore

DakkaDakka

Colombo

Seoul

Melekeok

Port MolesbyPort Molesby

UlaanbaatarUlaanbaatar

Human Impacts in Asia

Phnon Penh

KathmanduKathmanduNew DelhiNew DelhiShanghai

Siem Reap

Page 5: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Water Environment CrisisWater Environment Crisis

The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because of rapid increase of population and economic activities.

Deterioration of water resources in quantity and in quality will certainly limit future achievement of sustainable development.

Lack of reliable information on the water environment and its complicated structure hinder timely and effective decision making.

The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because of rapid increase of population and economic activities.

Deterioration of water resources in quantity and in quality will certainly limit future achievement of sustainable development.

Lack of reliable information on the water environment and its complicated structure hinder timely and effective decision making.

Page 6: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

To Realize Sustainable Water EnvironmentTo Realize Sustainable Water Environment

Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.

Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.

Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.

Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc   Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc   

Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living

Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living

Sustainable 

Generations

Sustainable Systems For Future Generations

DPSIR structures of Water 

Environment Problems

Page 7: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

• Driving force (Basic causes)– Population increase, economic development, 

lifestyle changes, development of agricultural/industrial activities, etc.

• Pressure to water environment– Waste emissions from human livings, industrial 

wastewaters, agro‐chemicals, excess fertilizer use, land‐use change, excess consumption of water, diminishing available water resources, etc.

• State change– Bacteria/virus contamination, organic pollution 

causing heterotrophic growth, algae growth‐eutrophication, loss of aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity, heavy metal accumulation

• Impact to human activities – Occurrence of infectious diseases, drinking water 

deterioration, degradation of fishery productivity, contaminated aquatic products, loss of recreational values  

• Response (Policies) 

Macro‐policiesIdentification of sustainable human activity vision, Amendment of current paradigms

Environmental policiesLaws and acts for conservation of environment, Technology development for removal and mitigation

Monitoring, analysis, awareness, value‐added information, Recovery of degraded environment

Social systemsCompensation, recovery, Technology development

M. Suzuki

DPSIR structure:Water Environment Problems

Page 8: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

.

Organincs, N, P, IC, SS

Algae

Algae Heterotrophs

Sedimentation

Sedimentation

Aeration

Flow Flow

IC, N, PIC, Metabolites

Metabolites

IC

recurrenceSediment, Aerobic/Anaerobic

Metabolites, IC, P

Volatile Organics

Water Quality Model in Eutrophicated Water Body

Metabolites

Dissolvd Orgaanics

Oxygen

PrecipitationForest,Mountainous Area

Agriculture,Stockbreediing

Anthropogenic Sphere

Water supply

Sources

Rivers

Receiving water body

Organics

Sun Light

Evaporation

Sun Light

Factors Influencing Water Qualities in Basin Area

Factors Influencing Water Qualities in Basin Area

M. SuzukiM. Suzuki

Public Water BodyPublic Water Body

Page 9: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

10

100

1,000

10,000

100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Fresh Water Resources and Withdrawal 

in Asia/Oceania (2000) 

Fresh Water Resources and Withdrawal 

in Asia/Oceania (2000) 

Falkenmark’s Criteria1,700 m3/person/day

Renewable Water Resources per Capita,

m3/person/year

Water Withdrawals per Capita,m3/person/year

Population Increase

IncreasingEconomicActivity

KoreaGermany

China

Sri Lanka

Japan

Philippines

Thailand

Nepal

USA

Vietnam

Indonesia

Myanmar

Malaysia

Cambodia

Lao PDRDIADIA

QQ

DIA

Q

(Domestic+Industry+Agriculture)

(Domestic+Industry+Agriculture)

Page 10: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Population trends in WEPA countries1960‐2010 (UNDESA, Population Div.)

Population trends in WEPA countries1960‐2010 (UNDESA, Population Div.)

   1

   10

   100

  1 000

  10 000ChinaUSAIndonesiaJapanPhilippinesViet NamGermanyThailandKoreaMyanmarNepalMalaysiaSriLankaCambodia

Popu

latio

n (m

illion)

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Page 11: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Percentage of Population Residing in Urban Areas1960‐2010 (UNDESA: World Urban Prospect (2009))

Percentage of Population Residing in Urban Areas1960‐2010 (UNDESA: World Urban Prospect (2009))

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100KoreaUSAGermanyMalaysiaJapanPhilippinesChinaIndonesiaThailandMyanmarLao PDRViet NamCambodiaNepal

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Page 12: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

100

1000

10000

100000USA

Germany

Japan

Korea

Malaysia

Thailand

China

Indonesia

SriLanka

Philippines

Lao PDR

Vietnam

Cambodia

Nepal

Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)

Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

GDP pe

r Cap

ita (1

991

USD

)

Page 13: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

100

1000

10000

100000USA

Germany

Japan

Korea

Malaysia

Thailand

China

Indonesia

SriLanka

Philippines

Lao PDR

Vietnam

Cambodia

Nepal

Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)

Economic Development in Asian Countries(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Industrial Pollution

Poverty Level < $2/day

Urban EnvironmentProblems

Global Climate

Compressed Environmental

Problems

GDP pe

r Cap

ita (1

991

USD

)

Page 14: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Per Capita Domestic and Industrial Withdrawal of WaterPer Capita Domestic and Industrial Withdrawal of Water

1

10

100

1000

100 1000 10000 100000

Domestic DemandIndustrial Demand

With

draw

al per Cap

ita (m

3 /year)

GDP per Capita (1991 USD)

From David Seckler et al: IWMI Research Report 19 (1998), “World Water Demand and Supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and Issues”, Figure 4

WI=0.033GDP0.881

WD=0.485GDP0.564

Page 15: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Per Capita Domestic Withdrawal of WaterPer Capita Domestic Withdrawal of Water

1

10

100

1000

100 1000 10000 100000

Domestic Demand

With

draw

al per Cap

ita (m

3 /year)

GDP per Capita (1991 USD)

From David Seckler et al: IWMI Research Report 19 (1998), “World Water Demand and Supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and Issues”, Figure 4

WD=0.485GDP0.564

Cambodia

Germany

KoreaJapan

USA

Thailand

Philippines

Vietnam

Malaysia

Nepal

Laos

IndonesiaChina

Sri Lanka

Domestic withdrawalin WEPA countries(2000‐2009)FAO: AQUASTAT

Page 16: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Per Capita Industrial Withdrawal of WaterPer Capita Industrial Withdrawal of Water

1

10

100

1000

100 1000 10000 100000

Industrial Demand

With

draw

al per Cap

ita (m

3 /year)

GDP per Capita (1991 USD)

From David Seckler et al: IWMI Research Report 19 (1998), “World Water Demand and Supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and Issues”, Figure 4

WI=0.033GDP0.881

Cambodia

Germany

KoreaJapan

USA

ThailandPhilippines

Vietnam

Malaysia

Nepal

Laos Indonesia

China

Sri Lanka

Industrial withdrawalin WEPA countries(2000‐2009)FAO: AQUASTAT

Page 17: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Coverage of City Water and Sewerage Systems in JapanCoverage of City Water and Sewerage Systems in Japan

100 1000 10000 100000

100

80

60

40

20

0

GDP per Capita (1991 USD)

Popu

latio

n Co

verage (%

)

City Water

Large‐scaleSewerageSystems

1960

20001980

1970On‐siteTreatment,Jokaso

Page 18: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Urban Population Proportion versus GDP per Capita2010 (UN DESA Pop. Div.)

Urban Population Proportion versus GDP per Capita2010 (UN DESA Pop. Div.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

100 1000 10000 100000

GDP per Capita (1991 USD)

Page 19: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

To Realize Sustainable Water EnvironmentTo Realize Sustainable Water Environment

Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.

Local Characteristics:Geographical/Climatic Conditions, Anthropogenic/Cultural/Traditional/Indigenous Backgrounds, etc.

Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.Information: Factbase/database, statistics, etc.

Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc   Assessment:Concept, Optimization, objective function, etc   

Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living

Countermeasures:Legal/economic policy options, available technologies, changing way of living

Sustainable 

Generations

Sustainable Systems For Future Generations

DPSIR structures of Water 

Environment Problems

WEPAProject

Page 20: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

• Activities/documents• Dialogues with member countries for Information Sharing• Linkage with WWFs• Annual Meetings 

and Workshops

• Database

http://www.wepa‐db.net/index.htm

State of water / Organizational arrangement /Legislative framework / Background / Law enforcement / Cases 

Database of technologies in operation / Information on appropriate technologies 

Activities by NGOs and CBOs / Governmental activities 

Various sources of water‐related information, Global level / Asia regional level / National level 

First Phase (2004‐2008)

Page 21: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

‐‐‐ Knowledge Sharing for Solutions ‐‐‐• 2009‐11

• Review of Water Environmental Management • Starting with Two Fields of Topics

• Domestic Wastewater Treatment• Climate Change and Water Environment

• Identification of Specific Issues to be  discussed• 2012‐13

• Experiences Sharing and Knowledge Sharing among Member Countries through Solution Findings through:• Workshops, Bilateral meetings, Annual meetings etc.• Development of Twinning Programmes for Capacity 

Empowerment etc.

Second Phase (2009‐2013)

Page 22: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Common Challenges :Some of the Issues identified by WEPA Partner Countries

Common Challenges :Some of the Issues identified by WEPA Partner Countries

‐ Legislation and Organization: Detailed systems and capacity development required in order to implement a legislative framework‐ Identification of proper paths for a new form of development, leap frog approaches

‐ Ensuring implementation of proper monitoring and data management‐ Adequate settings of water quality standards/effluent standards 

‐ Coordination among relevant water organizations and regulations‐ Partnership among NGOs, GOs and various stakeholders, Cooperation between member countries, etc. 

‐ Water quality management at the basin level‐ Integrated management?, upstream/downstream relations, diversified stakeholders, multiphase problems, long range optimization, etc.

‐ Legislation and Organization: Detailed systems and capacity development required in order to implement a legislative framework‐ Identification of proper paths for a new form of development, leap frog approaches

‐ Ensuring implementation of proper monitoring and data management‐ Adequate settings of water quality standards/effluent standards 

‐ Coordination among relevant water organizations and regulations‐ Partnership among NGOs, GOs and various stakeholders, Cooperation between member countries, etc. 

‐ Water quality management at the basin level‐ Integrated management?, upstream/downstream relations, diversified stakeholders, multiphase problems, long range optimization, etc.

Page 23: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Should be discussed at the Annual Meeting of the Governing Board, 19th afternoon.

Third Phase ??Third Phase ??

Page 24: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

International Trends of Water Management Activities International Trends of Water Management Activities 

• 1972 UNCHE, Stockholm: Declaration of UNCHE • 1992 UNCED, Rio de Janeiro: Agenda 21

– 1992 Int. Conf. on Water and Env. (ICWE): Dublin Principle• 2000 UN Millennium Summit, NY

– Millennium Development Goal (MDG)– 2002 WSSD (Rio+10), Johannesburg

• POI, upgrading MDG• 2012 UNCSD (Rio+20), Rio de Janeiro

– Outcome Document: The Future We Want 

• 2015 Target Year of MDG• Discussion platform on Post 2015

– UN‐Water: UN‐related organizations• UNSGAB: Advisory Board to Secretary‐General

– Issues1. Safe drinking water and sanitation2. Wastewater management and pollution prevention, water quality3. Integrated water resources management and water‐use efficiency

• 1972 UNCHE, Stockholm: Declaration of UNCHE • 1992 UNCED, Rio de Janeiro: Agenda 21

– 1992 Int. Conf. on Water and Env. (ICWE): Dublin Principle• 2000 UN Millennium Summit, NY

– Millennium Development Goal (MDG)– 2002 WSSD (Rio+10), Johannesburg

• POI, upgrading MDG• 2012 UNCSD (Rio+20), Rio de Janeiro

– Outcome Document: The Future We Want 

• 2015 Target Year of MDG• Discussion platform on Post 2015

– UN‐Water: UN‐related organizations• UNSGAB: Advisory Board to Secretary‐General

– Issues1. Safe drinking water and sanitation2. Wastewater management and pollution prevention, water quality3. Integrated water resources management and water‐use efficiency

WEPA• 2003 WWF3, Kyoto• 2004‐08  1st Phase • 2009‐13  2nd Phase

WEPA• 2003 WWF3, Kyoto• 2004‐08  1st Phase • 2009‐13  2nd Phase

Page 25: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

Challenges for Sustainable Water UseChallenges for Sustainable Water UseTo clarify structural relations between expanding human activities, including domestic, industrial and agricultural activities, and water environment so that appropriate responses may be identified.

To promote awareness of citizens and all the stakeholders and to raise the political will to meet commitments to achieve the sustainable water environment.

To integrate/structuralize diverse information on the water environment and to disseminate in a systematic manner

To develop criteria for the formulation of policies and technological measures for achieving a sustainable water environment

To clarify structural relations between expanding human activities, including domestic, industrial and agricultural activities, and water environment so that appropriate responses may be identified.

To promote awareness of citizens and all the stakeholders and to raise the political will to meet commitments to achieve the sustainable water environment.

To integrate/structuralize diverse information on the water environment and to disseminate in a systematic manner

To develop criteria for the formulation of policies and technological measures for achieving a sustainable water environment

Page 26: WEPA International Workshop February18, 2013 @SiemReap · 2015-03-23 · Water Environment Crisis The water environment crisis in the world will be more and more serious mainly because

2013 is the Year of Water Cooperation2013 is the Year of Water Cooperation