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~D()O DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

377th Civil Engineer Division (AFMC) FEDERAL EXPRESS DELIVERY

10 Mar 05

MEMORANDUM FOR MR. WILLIAM C. OLSEN, CHIEF GROUNDWATER QUALITY BUREAU (GWQB) NEW MEXICO ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT (NMED .-----PO BOX 26110 '\&,\516171ai; SANTA FE NM 87502 ~~ f ~~o~

FROM: 3 77 MSG/CEVR 2050 Wyoming Blvd, S.E. Building 20685, Suite 118 Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5270

t RECEIVED ~ ; MAR ~ ~ co c..vvo ~

~ NMED Hazardous (;/ ~ Waste Bureau ~ ·

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SUBJECT: Transmittal of the Stage 1 Abatement Plan (AP), East Side of the~ Kirtland Air Force Base (AFB), NM

1. The Environmental Management (EM) Branch at Kirtland AFB (KAFB) is pleased to formally transmit, to NMED-GWQB, the subject AP, including one electronic version of the document.

2. The AP outlines the proposed investigation of potential source areas and shallow extent of hydrocarbon contamination discovered in the vadose zone beneath the east side of the KAFB Bulk Fuels Facility. Discovery of the contamination was reported in the Stage 2 AP Report, Installation of the Distal Vadose Zone Monitoring Points at the KAFB Bulk Fuels Facility (ST-106), August 9, 2004. The proposed plan has been discussed with Mr. Baird Swanson of your staff.

3. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me at (505)-853-6534.

Attachments: 1. Stage 1 Abatement Plan, East Side of the Bulk Fuels Facility 2. Electronic version of the Stage 1 Abatement Plan, East Side of the Bulk Fuels Facility

KAFB2814

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

•

cc: NMED HWB-GWQB, Mr. Swanson w Atch 1 NMED HWB-KAFB, Mr. K.ieling w Atch 1 377 MSG/CEVC, Mr. Montano w Atch 1 NMED HWB-KAFB, Mr. McDonald, wo Atchs USEPA-Region 6 (6PD-N), Ms. King, wo Atchs HQ AFMC/CEVC, Mr. Fort, wo Atchs AFCEE, Mr. Hatfield, wo Atchs CH2M, Mr. Minchak wo Atchs Admin. Record, TVI, Montoya Campus w Atch 2 File

Kirtland Air Force Base Albuquerque, New Mexico

Stage 1 Abatement Plan East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility

March 8, 2005

377 MSG/CEVR KAFB2814

2050 Wyoming Blvd. SE 11111111111111~111111111111111111~111111~11111

Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117-5670

CONTENTS

Section

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives and Scope ...... 1.2 Approach and Implementation 1.3 Background Issues 1.3 .1 Regulatory Requirements .. .... ... . 1.3.2 Other Issues ...... . 1.4 Data Quality Objectives Process

2. EAST SIDE OF BULK FUELS FACILITY

Characterization and Setting Site Description ................ .. .. .. .......... ....... .. ........ ..... .......... .. ............ .. ........ .

CONTENTS

Page

ES-1

1-1

1-1 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4

2-1

2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.2.1 2.1.2.2 2.1.2.3 2.1.2.4 2.1.2.5 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.1.1 2.2.1.2 i.2.2 2.2.2.1 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.3 2.2.3 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.2

Operational History ....... ... ....... .. ........ .. ..... ...... ......... .. ....... ..... .. ... ...... .. .... ....... ......... . .

2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-8

Tank 2210 - Potential Former Washrack Drainfield ....... .. .......................... ...... ..... . Three Fuel Storage ASTs Former Fuel/Water Evaporation Pond Recovered Liquid Fuel Collector Tank .................. .................. ... .. ........ .. .. .. . Tank Bottom Water-Holding Tanks .. ........ ... .. .................. .. ..................... . . Waste Characteristics ...................................................................... . Investigatory Approach Existing Data Nonsampling Data ..... ..... .... ...... ... ... ..... ................ ...................... .... .............. . Sampling Data Conceptual Model Nature and Extent of Contamination Fate and Transport Data Gaps Sampling Activities Contaminant Source Areas .................................................. . Media Characterization

Kirtland AFB Stage I Abatement Plan

East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility Ill March 8, 2005

CONTENTS

CONTENTS (continued)

Section

3. DATA COLLECTION DESIGN AND PROCEDURES

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.l 3.3.l.l 3.3.l.2 3.3.l.3 3.3. l.4 3.3. l.5 3.3.2

Data Quality Objectives (DQOs)

QA/QC· ·· ·· ······ ··· · Invstigation Activities Soil and Soil Vapor Sampling Program at Potential Source Areas Investigation of Former Washrack Drainfield Investigation of Three Fuel Storage ASTs ....................... .... ..... ...... . Investigation of Former Fuel/Water Evaporation Pond ... . Investigation of Recovered Liquid Fuel Collector Tank Investigation of Tank Bottom Water-Holding Tanks Regional and Site Data Review

Page

3-1

3-1 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-7 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-9

4. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ... .. ..... .... .. ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ...... ....... ... .. ....... .... .. ... ... ... ... ...... .... . . 4-1

4.1 Project Scheduling and Reporting Requirements 4.2 HSP 4.3 Investigation-Derived Waste Management Plan (IDWMP) 4.3. l Soil Cuttings and Excavated Soil 4.3.2 PPE 4.4 CRP

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

Appendix A Bulk Fuels Facility Aerial Photographs From Years 1951, 1959, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 1990

Appendix B Soil Sampling SOP


East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility iv

4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2

March 8, 2005

FIGURES

Figure

1-1 Kirtland AFB and Site Location

1-2 Bulk Fuels Facility Site Plan ..... ... ... .... ..

CONTENTS

Page

1-2

1-5

2-1 Bulk Fuels Facility (ST-106) East Side Stage l Abatement Plan Site Location Map .......... 2-3

3-1

4-1

Table

Eastern Portion of Bulk Fuels Facility Proposed Stage 1 Abatement Plan Investigation Locations

Project Schedule .. .......

TABLES

3-1 Proposed Sampling to Address Findings of August 2004 Reconnaissance at

3-5

4-3

Page

Eastern Portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility..................... ....... ................................. .... ............ . 3-10

3-2 Summary of Analytical Parameters to Address Findings of August 2004 Reconnaissance at Eastern Portion of Facility............ ..... ............ .. ........ .. .. ................... .. ....... ...... .... ...... ...... ..... 3-12


East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility v March 8, 2005

AFB AST AVGAS

bgs BTEX

co C02 CRP CSM

DCQAP DMP DQO DRO

ERP

FSP

GPS GRO

HSP

IDW IDWMP

ACRONYMS

Air Force Base aboveground storage tank aviation gasoline

belowground surface benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene

carbon monoxide carbon dioxide Community Relations Plan conceptual site model

Data Collection Quality Assurance Plan Data Management Plan Data Quality Objectives diesel range organic

Environmental Restoration Program

Field Sampling Plan

global positioning system gasoline range organic

Health and Safety Plan

investigation-derived waste Investigation-Derived Waste Management Plan

ACRONYMS

JP jet fuel

MG nu MRO MS/MSD

NMAC NMED NMEDGWQB

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East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility

million gallon mile motor oil range organic matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate

New Mexico Administrative Code New Mexico Environment Department New Mexico Environment Department, Ground Water Quality Bureau

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Vll March 8, 2005

ACRONYMS

PARCC

PID PPE ppm

QAPP QA/QC

RCRA

SOP SSHP SVEW SVMW svoc

TPH

USAF

VA voe


precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, comparability

photoionization detector personal protection equipment parts per million

Quality Assurance Project Plan quality assurance/quality control

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Standard Operating Procedure Site Safety and Health Plan soil vapor extraction well soil vapor monitoring well semi-volatile organic compound

total petroleum hydrocarbon

U.S. Air Force

Veterans Administration volatile organic compound

•

East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility Vlll March 8, 2005

EXECUTIVE SUMMA RY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Stage 1 Abatement Plan has been prepared to describe field activities that will be conducted at the eastern portion of the Kirtland Air Force Base (AFB) Bulk Fuels Facility. The investigation will assess potential petroleum hydrocarbon releases to shallow soil associated with operations at the site. The investigation activities described in this Abatement Plan along with other data collection and review activities will be performed as specified in 20 New Mexico Administrative Code 6.2 Section 4106.C. This Abatement Plan will serve as a guide while the investigation is being conducted.

The Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility contains bulk storage for jet fuel (JP8), diesel fuel , and unleaded gasoline. Jet fuel is stored in two aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) (2.1 and 4.2 million gallons), diesel fuel is stored in two ASTs (5 ,000 and 10,000 gallons), and unleaded gasoline is stored in one 10,000-gallon AST. The fuel storage areas are located entirely on the eastern portion of the facility .

Soil vapor monitoring wells installed during 2004 as part of the ST-106 Stage 2 Abatement Plan identified petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in soil that may be the result of historical operations on the eastern portion of the facility. An August 2004 reconnaissance of the eastern portion of the facility identified five separate locations that could be potential sources of petroleum hydrocarbon releases.

A phased-investigation approach to these five potential hydrocarbon sources will be implemented on the east side of the Bulk Fuels Facility. The initial stage of the investigation described in this plan will involve sampling of shallow soils and soil vapor. Soils less than 50 ft below ground surface (bgs) will be investigated. Should petroleum hydrocarbon compounds be observed at the potential source areas, additional phases of investigation may be performed. The investigation work presented in this plan will be implemented once the plan is approved by the New Mexico Environment Department. However, future additional investigation activities, if required, will be performed as funding becomes available from the Air Force.

To investigate releases that may have occurred from these operations, soil and soil vapor sampling in the upper vadose zone will be conducted at five potential source areas. Shallow excavations will be performed at two locations, the potential former washrack drainfield and the former fuel/water evaporation pond, to identify whether hydrocarbons were discharged at these locations. Soil samples will be collected from these shallow excavations. Shallow soil sampling (i.e., 1 to 1.5 ft bgs) will be performed at one location inside the earthen secondary containment berm at the three fuel storage ASTs (Tanks 2427, 2428, and 2429). Direct push soil borings will be completed at each of the five potential source areas: the potential former washrack drainfield, the three fuel storage ASTs, the former fuel/water evaporation pond, adjacent to the recovered liquid fuel collector tank, and adjacent to each of the two tank bottom water-holding tanks, and large jet fuel ASTs. The direct push soil borings will be completed to evaluate petroleum hydrocarbons in soil at total depths ranging from 25 ft bgs to 50 ft bgs. Soil vapor samples will be collected from the direct push boreholes for onsite analysis to investigate the presence of vapor-phase hydrocarbons. Soil samples will be analyzed for volatile organic compounds by Method 8260 and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) by Method 8015 Modified. One selected soil sample from the potential former washrack drainfield may be analyzed for semi volatile organic compounds, depending on the TPH results from that location.


East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility ES-1 March 8, 2005

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The findings of the investigation will be presented in a Stage l Abatement Plan Report. This report will include field logs, photographs, analytical results for both soil and soil vapor sample analyses, a discussion of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations for additional site investigation, if warranted.

Kirtland AFB Stage 1 Abatement Plan

East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility ES-2 March 8, 2005

SECTION I

1. INTRODUCTION

CH2M HILL has prepared this Stage l Abatement Plan to describe field investigation activities that will be conducted at the East Side of the Kirtland Air Force Base (AFB) Bulk Fuels Facility (Figure 1-1). The investigation will initially assess the nature, extent, and magnitude of possible petroleum hydrocarbon releases to shallow soils associated with operations at the site. The investigation activities described in this Abatement Plan along with other data collection and review activities will be performed as specified in 20 New Mexico Administrative Code (NMAC) 6.2 Section 4106.C.

This Abatement Plan will serve as a guide while the investigation is being conducted. The Abatement Plan describes site background and environmental settings, results of previous investigations, data gaps, and the site-specific investigation work plan and rationale. The investigation will be conducted in accordance with the Kirtland AFB Base-Wide Plans for the Environmental Restoration Program (ERP) (U.S. Air Force [USAF], 2004a) and the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) Ground and Surface Water Protection Regulations.

A phased-investigation approach will be implemented on the east side of the Bulk Fuels Facility. The initial stage of the east side investigation will involve sampling of shallow soils and soil vapor. Soils less than 50 ft below ground surface (bgs) will be investigated. Should petroleum hydrocarbon compounds be observed at the potential source areas, additional phases of investigation may be performed. The investigation work presented in this plan will be implemented once the plan is approved by NMED. However, additional investigation activities, if required, will be performed as funding becomes available from the Air Force.

The Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation of the eastern portion of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility is being performed independently of the ongoing investigation and remediation at the former offloading rack at site ST-106. Site ST-106 consists of the western portion of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility. However, the ST-106 background information including geology, hydrogeology, and nearby wells is applicable for use on the eastern portion of the site. This information was presented in the Stage 1 Abatement Plan Report for the Bulk Fuels Facility (ST-106), dated May 21, 2001 (USAF, 2001).

1.1 Objectives and Scope

The objectives of this phase of the Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation are to:

• Provide an initial determination of whether releases of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds (i.e., aviation gasoline [A VGAS], jet fuel 4 [JP-4), jet fuel 8 [JP-8], unleaded gasoline, and/or diesel fuel) have occurred from five potential source areas located on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility.

• Determine the magnitude of petroleum hydrocarbon releases to shallow soils and soil vapor at the five potential source areas.

• Define the soil geology and hydrogeology in the upper vadose zone of the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility.

The scope of this Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation will include the identification of potential petroleum hydrocarbon release areas within the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility.


East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility 1-1 March 8, 2005

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SECTION 1

1.2 Approach and Implementation

A large petroleum hydrocarbon vapor plume exists beneath the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility. This vapor plume has previously been associated with the confirmed petroleum hydrocarbon release(s) from the former fuels offloading rack located on the western portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility. That plume is being investigated and remediated as ST-106, Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility.

As part of the continued investigation and monitoring of that vapor plume, Kirtland AFB installed four distal monitoring points during January and February 2004. These distal monitoring points were installed at four separate locations at a horizontal distance of approximately 600 ft from the petroleum hydrocarbon plume source at the eastern end of the former fuels offloading rack at ST-106.

Each of the four distal monitoring points consists of quad-nested 0.50-inch-diameter soil vapor monitoring wells (SVMWs) with a 2-inch-diameter soil vapor extraction well (SVEW) co-located in the borehole. Each of the SVMW s are screened at four distinct intervals: 150, 250, 350, and 450 ft bgs. The SVEW at each location is screened at 450 ft bgs. Two of the distal monitoring wells, SVMW-13/SVEW-ll and SVMW-15/SVEW-13, are located on or adjacent to the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility (Figure 1-2). Distal monitoring well SVMW-13 is located northeast of the facility entrance, and distal monitoring well SVMW-15 is located south of SVMW-13 and east of pumphouse Building 1033. Soil samples were collected from the boreholes during drilling and two rounds of vapor samples were collected from the completed SVMWs. Soil and vapor samples were analyzed by a fixedbase laboratory to determine if they contained petroleum hydrocarbon compounds.

The results of the soil sampling indicated that adsorbed petroleum hydrocarbon compounds are present in the vadose zone soils at the two distal well locations on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility. The compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes (BTEX) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as diesel range organics (DRO) (i.e., ClO through C28) and motor oil rang~ organics (MRO) (i .e., C28 through C40).

The results of the soil vapor sampling indicated that vapor-phase petroleum hydrocarbon compounds are present in the vadose zone at the two distal well locations on the eastern portion of the site. The compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations in the soil vapor include BTEX and TPH as gasoline range organics (GRO).

A site visit among Kirtland AFB Environmental Management personnel, the NMED Ground Water Quality Bureau (GWQB) project manager, and CH2M HILL project personnel was conducted on October 1, 2004. A tour of the eastern portion of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility was conducted and each of the potential petroleum hydrocarbon sources was reviewed and discussed. The review and discussion at each of the potential sources focused on the historical and/or current operations at that location. Based on the discussions during this site visit, NMED GWQB issued to Kirtland AFB written notice that an Abatement Plan was required for the east side of the site. The NMED letter was dated November 12, 2004.

An investigation will be performed to evaluate the potential sources of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and soil vapor on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility.

Due to the depth of the regional groundwater table in the Bulk Fuels Facility area (depths greater than 480 ft bgs) and the existence of nearby downgradient groundwater monitoring wells , the scope of this Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation will only include the near-surface vadose zone soils at the facility.



SECTION I

If the results of the initial phase of the Stage 1 investigation indicate the likelihood of an impact to groundwater from petroleum hydrocarbon releases on the eastern portion of the facility, further investigation of the groundwater may be conducted as part of a later investigation stage.

Site-specific and regional geologic, hydrogeologic, and hydrologic data and information on water wells within a 1-mile (mi) radius of the site were prepared and presented in the Stage 1 Abatement Plan Report for the Bulk Fuels Facility, ST-106 (USAF, 2001). This information remains current and will not be evaluated during this Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation.

1.3 Background Issues

1.3.l Regulatory Requirements

Soil samples will be collected and analyzed in compliance with applicable regulations of the NMED. Any changes from guidelines will be stated in this Abatement Plan. This Abatement Plan has been prepared in accordance with the Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) Sampling and Analysis Plans/Work Plans outline provided to the base by the NMED (NMED, 1998) with modifications made to reflect specific requirements of the NMED GWQB Stage 1 Abatement Plan site investigation requirements (20 NMAC 6.2.4103 et seq.).

1.3.2 Other Issues

This Abatement Plan serves as the scoping document for the investigation. The following documents will serve as additional project scoping documents during this investigation:

• Kirtland AFB ERP Project Management Plan • Kirtland AFB ERP Field Sampling Plan (FSP) and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) • Kirtland AFB ERP Data Management Plan (DMP) • Kirtland AFB ERP Base-Wide Health and Safety Plan (HSP) • Kirtland AFB ERP Waste Management Plan • Kirtland AFB ERP Community Relations Plan (CRP)

The procedures detailed in the Base-Wide Plans will be adhered to for all aspects of the investigation activities unless they are specifically modified by this Abatement Plan or the subsequent site-specific HSP addendum. CH2M HILL field personnel will use the existing HSP from the ST-106 investigation. The existing HSP will be updated to incorporate the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility.

1.4 Data Quality Objectives Process

The data quality objectives (DQOs) development process and data quality indicators detailed in the Base-Wide Plan will be adhered to for all aspects of the investigation activities unless they are specifically modified by this Abatement Plan or the site-specific HSP.



SECTION I

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Kirtland AFB Stage l Abatement Plan East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility 1-5 March 8, 2005

SECTION2

2. EAST SIDE OF BULK FUELS FACILITY

2.1 Characterization and Setting

2.1.1 Site Description

The Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility is located in the western part of Kirtland AFB (Figure 1-1). The eastern portion of the facility contains bulk storage for JP-8, diesel fuel, and unleaded gasoline. Jet fuel is stored in two aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) (2.1 and 4.2 million gallons [MG]), diesel fuel is stored in two ASTs (5,000 and 10,000 gallons), and unleaded gasoline is stored in one 10,000-gallon AST. The site has one temporary JP-8 offloading rack located in the southwest corner of the facility, west of the fuel loading structure 2404. This rack was placed into service following the piping failure at the former offloading rack (ST-106). A second small offloading rack (Building 2401) is used for the delivery of diesel and unleaded gasoline motor vehicle fuels.

The fuel delivered to the temporary JP-8 offloading rack is conveyed to a pump house (Building 1033) via subsurface transfer lines. The fuel is then pumped to the JP-8 ASTs by piping of varying sizes ·that is partially above and belowground (see Figure 2-1 for a site location map).

2.1.2 Operational History

The Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility has provided bulk storage of jet fuel, diesel fuel, and unleaded gasoline since the early 1950s. Fuels are delivered to the various offloading racks and transferred to ASTs. Refueling trucks routinely fill up at the facility and transport fuel as needed to the base flightline . The following operations areas are located on the eastern portion of the facility and are the focus of this Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation.

Aerial photographs of the Bulk Fuels Facility from the years 1951, 1959, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 1990 were reviewed. The potential hydrocarbon source areas on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility were observed for time period of construction, time period of operation, and potential staining or other indications of a release of petroleum hydrocarbons from these areas. Observations from this aerial photograph review are discussed in the following subsections. The aerial photographs are presented in Appendix A.

2.1.2.1 Tank 2210- Potential Former Washrack Drainfield

Tank 2210 (EM-R-0103) is located beneath an awning and within a concrete pad surrounded by 12-inch containment curbing, just east of the entrance road (Building 1027). The actual AST at this location is not being investigated as a potential source. The concrete pad was a former washrack that had been removed from active service. Since the pad included secondary containment and was already constructed and available, Bulk Fuels Facility personnel installed Tank 2210 at this location in about the year 2000.

Based on a review of aerial photographs, the washrack was constructed between 1959 and 1967. When the washrack was in operation at this location, it reportedly discharged washwater to a drainfield located northeast of the washrack. However, the actual dates of operation of the washrack are unknown. The washwater was discharged from the concrete containment through an approximately 4-inch-diameter pipe. The existing drain hole (in the curb base on the east side) has been plugged and the gate valve on the drain piping has been closed and sealed to prevent discharge of product should it leak from existing



SECTION2

Tank 2210. Facility personnel reported that they have not tracked the piping to its ultimate discharge point, but felt that it probably had discharged to a nearby drainfield. The drainfield would likely be located in the area northeast of Tank 2210 and northwest of the three ASTs 2427, 2428, and 2429. The aerial photographs from 1973 and 1982 showed darkened soil on the north and northeast sides of the washrack.

2.1.2.2 Three Fuel Storage ASTs

Tanks 2427 (EM-R-0010), 2428 (EM-R-0011), and 2429 (EM-R-0037) are located east of Tank 2210 (EM-R-0103) within an earthen secondary containment berm. These tanks are currently in service and store diesel fuel and unleaded gasoline for motor vehicles. Based on a review of historical aerial photographs, these ASTs and the secondary containment were constructed between 1959 and 1967. A drain grate is located inside the berm at the southwest corner. Facility personnel indicated this drain was formerly used to remove water from the berm following rainstorms. The drain line from the drain grate has been sealed and closed, but when operational had discharged to an unidentified location. It is unknown whether there were releases of fuel from the three ASTs that may have entered this drain.

2.1.2.3 Former Fuel/Water Evaporation Pond

Aboveground piping is present between Tanks 2427, 2428, and 2429 and a fuel transfer pumphouse (Building 1041), and between Building 1041 and a large dispenser island. Building 1041 has an interior liquid collection sump that collects fuel when spilled inside the pumphouse. This collection sump had discharged to an unlined pond located approximately 100 ft northeast of the building. The former pond location is identified by a 2-inch x 6-inch wooden stake driven into the ground.

There were no records available whether this pond was investigated prior to being removed from service. Aerial photographs of the pond from years 1959, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 1990 were reviewed. The review indicated that the pond was installed between 1959 and 1967. The pond appeared to be in operation in the 1973 aerial photograph with darkened soil visible at the pond location. Facility personnel reported that the sump drain pipe has been sealed at the discharge end of the pipe. The date that the pond was removed from service is unknown. However, the buried pipe remains in the ground and can become filled with fuel when spills occur in the transfer pumphouse. Facility personnel pump out the sump and buried piping when necessary.

2.1.2.4 Recovered Liquid Fuel Collector Tank

On the south side of Building 1041 a liquid/vapor separator unit incorporates an underground holding tank of approximately 300 to 500 gallons. This building and equipment were constructed between 1959 and 1967, based on a review of historical aerial photographs. This holding tank collects liquid fuel recovered during tanker-truck unloading operations at offloading rack 2401. The tanker unloading process is a closed-loop system and the separator and holding tank prevent liquid fuel from re-entering the tanker.

In its original configuration, once the liquid fuel was separated it was collected in the holding tank and was pumped back into the liquid fuel system when the tank was full. Currently, the pump that drains the tank is disconnected and any liquid fuel in the return line is transferred back into the trucks. It was reported by facility personnel that the tank is full of fuel and could be a potential source of petroleum hydrocarbons should it fail or overflow. The holding tank is not monitored and onsite personnel are not familiar with the use of this holding tank. However, facility personnel indicated that they have not noted the tank or collection piping overflowing.

Kirtland AFB Stage J Abatement Plan


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Figure 2-1. Bulk Fuels Facility East-Side Stage I Abatement Plan Site Location Map

2-3 March 8, 2005

SECTION 2

2.1.2.5 Tank Bottom Water-Holding Tanks

Tank 2420 is a 2.1-MG AST and Tank 2422 is a 4.2-MG AST located on the southeast portion of the facility. These are the primary jet fuel storage tanks at the facility and were constructed in 1951. A single, heavy-gauge steel, open-top tank is located southeast of each of the large fuel ASTs. Each of the two smaller open-top tanks is similar to a large animal watering stock tank. The open-top tanks are approximately 25 ft in diameter and 2 ft deep, with approximately l ft buried beneath the ground surface. The top of each tank is covered with chicken-wire mesh to prevent wildlife from entering and drinking the water. The tanks are coated with a bituminous coating similar to asphalt-cement to protect the steel tanks from rusting. However, the coating is in disrepair and the bare steel is visible at numerous locations in each tank.

These tanks were constructed in 1990 to assist with the control of rainwater collected inside the large ASTs. The reason these relatively large open tanks are used to collect tank bottom water is because the roof seals on the ASTs are in a state of failure and do not seal out rainwater during precipitation events. This allows relatively large volumes of water to leak past the seals and into the ASTs. Any rainwater within the primary tanks collects at the bottom of the tanks and is manually transferred into the stock tanks to prevent fuel contamination. During the transfer of the tank bottom water, some amount of fuel is discharged to the ponds along with the water. The water in each stock tank is periodically pumped out via vacuum truck and the fuel is allowed to remain and evaporate.

Bulk Fuels Facility personnel reported that the tank bottom water historically was purged directly onto the ground surface adjacent to each of the large ASTs. This operation was performed prior to 1990, when the tank bottom water-holding tanks were installed. In addition to the tank bottom water, an undetermined amount of fuel also would have been discharged to the ground surface along with the water. This process reportedly occurred at approximately the same location as the two stock tanks. This process reportedly occurred from the 1950s and continued into at least the 1970s.

Repairs to Tank 2420 were conducted in early 2004. Tank 2420 was emptied as part of the repair process. During the refilling of the tank, several hundred gallons of JP-8 were released to the surrounding soil. The spill occurred on May 19, 2004. Facility personnel reported that about 48 cubic yards of soil were excavated during spill cleanup. During the cleanup, it was anticipated that the excavation of hydrocarbon-containing soil would be conducted until clean soil was encountered. However, facility personnel indicated that the contractor conducting the cleanup found petroleum hydrocarbon-containing soil outside of the known horizontal limits.of the spill. Reportedly, soil was excavated until petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were less than 100 parts per million (ppm) at the limits of the excavation.

2.1.3 Waste Characteristics

The materials known or suspected to have been released on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility are all petroleum hydrocarbon fuel compounds. Any releases that may have occurred before the base switched to JP-8 (approximately 1993) would have been JP-4 or AVGAS fuels. Unleaded gasoline and diesel fuel also may have been released, since these fuels are stored at the Bulk Fuels Facility.



SECTION 2

2.2 Investigatory Approach

2.2.1 Existing Data

2.2.1.1 Nonsampling Data

Nonsampling data for the east side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility include the results of a site reconnaissance and survey for potential hydrocarbon source(s). This reconnaissance was performed on August 27, 2004. The objective of the reconnaissance was to evaluate the potential for sources of petroleum hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It is believed that hydrocarbon sources are present on portions of the facility other than in the immediate vicinity of the former fuels offloading rack (ST-106). The reconnaissance of the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility was prompted by the results of soil and vapor analytical data obtained from four distal soil vapor monitoring points. These distal monitoring points were installed during early 2004 as part of the Stage 2 Abatement Plan investigation and remediation of ST-106.

Aerial photographs that encompass the facility are available for the years 1951, 1959, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 1990. These photographs were reviewed to evaluate historical operations on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility.

Onsite Bulk Fuels Facility personnel were interviewed, if available at the time of the site visit, and existing physical features at the facility (i .e., aboveground piping, ASTs, pumphouses, containment berms) were observed for potential sources of current and historical hydrocarbon releases.

The site visit focused on the portion of the facility located east of the entrance road. The site visit included observation of the two large ASTs (Tanks 2420 and 2422) on the southern portion of the facility. During this reconnaissance, inquiries of facility personnel were made regarding the former operational history of various tanks and infrastructure at the facility.

2.2.1.2 Sampling Data

The only sampling data that were reviewed for the eastern portion of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility include the results of the Stage 2 Abatement Plan Report, Installation of the Distal Vadose Zone Monitoring Points at the Kirtland Air Force Base Bulk Fuels Facility (ST-106) (USAF, 2004b).

These data indicated that soil and soil vapor on the eastern portion of the facility appeared to have been impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons from a source other than the former fuel offloading rack. Adsorbed petroleum hydrocarbons were detected at relatively shallow depths of 60 and 100 ft bgs, respectively, in soil samples collected from the boreholes for SVMW-13 and SVMW-15. The 60-and 100-ft-bgs depths were the sha}lowest depths sampled at these locations. Therefore, petroleum hydrocarbons may be present at even shallower depths at the SVMW-13 and SVMW-15 locations.

Although similar in composition to the observed hydrocarbons at ST-106, these adsorbed petroleum hydrocarbon detections in soil were unexpected at these locations and did not appear to be the result of the confirmed release at the former fuel offloading rack at ST-106. There is approximately 600 ft between the petroleum hydrocarbon source at the former offloading rack and each of the SVMW locations. SVMW-06 is the closest well between the ST-106 release and the SVMW-13/SVMW-15 locations. Soil samples were collected and analyzed from these three borings (i.e. SVMW-06, SVMW-13, and SVMW-15) from similar depth intervals of 260 to 280 ft bgs. TPH concentrations in the



Sf;CTION 2

GRO and DRO ranges were slightly higher in soi l samples from SVMW-13 and SVMW-15 than the soil • sample from SVMW-06. Thi s could indicate that a separate source(s) is/are located on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility .

Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds and other fuel -related VOCs were present in soil vapor at SVMW-13 and SVMW-15. These concentrations were higher than expected, since the VOC concentrations were generally higher than those observed in SVMW-06. SVMW-06 is located between wells SVMW 13/SVMW-15 and the former fuel offloading rack source area to the west. TPH and hydrocarbon VOCs (i.e., BTEX) concentrations in the 150-ft-bgs zone were higher than those observed in SVMW-06. This also indicates that there is potentially another petroleum hydrocarbon source located on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility, which contributed to the shallow soil vapor impacts.

2.2.2 Conceptual Model

2.2.2.1 Nature and Extent of Contamination

Existing data are insufficient to qualify the nature and extent of potential petroleum hydrocarbon releases on the eastern portion of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility.

2.2.2.2 Fate and Transport

Potential petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the surface and near surface soils of the eastern portion of the facility could pose a threat to human health and the environment through exposure to contaminated surface or subsurface soils if the area is disturbed or excavated. Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in soil also provide a source for a soil vapor plume, which can extend beyond the local source area. Contaminated surface and near-surface soils also could potentially migrate offsite due to wind or water erosion. Furthermore, since the vertical extent and magnitude of the petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in soil have not been delineated, it cannot be determined if the petroleum hydrocarbon compounds soil contamination poses a threat of impacting groundwater.

2.2.2.3 Data Gaps

A number of possible release locations and discrete areas within the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility that may have negatively impacted soil have been identified. However, there are no sampling data that confirm these locations as actual hydrocarbon source areas.

2.2.3 Sampling Activities

2.2.3.1 Contaminant Source Areas

The source of the petroleum hydrocarbon contamination observed or potentially occurring in the soils in the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility is currently unknown. However, the sources of potential hydrocarbon releases could include various operational and historical components at the facility (i.e., releases from the condensate holding tank, former washrack, aircraft fuel discharges when handling tank bottom water). Each of the identified potential source areas will be investigated.



SECTION 2

2t2.3.2 Media Characterization

Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in surface and shallow subsurface soil will be characterized using several investigative and sampling techniques. Shallow soil samples will be collected using hand tools , test pits, and direct push borings. Soil vapor samples will be collected from the deepest direct push boreholes. Shallow trenches will be excavated to assess potential releases at the potential former washrack drainfield and the former unlined discharge pond. Samples will be collected in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the Base-Wide Plan (SOP B2.3), except as modified by this Abatement Plan. The soil sampling SOP is included in Appendix B to this Abatement Plan.



SECTION 3

3. DATA COLLECTION DESIGN AND PROCEDURES

3.1 Data Quality Objectives (DQOs)

The DQOs development process outlined in the Kirtland AFB Base-Wide Plan Data Collection Quality Assurance Plan (DCQAP) Part II QAPP Section 4.1. l has been employed to develop the DQOs for this investigation. The process is described below:

I. Statement of Problem Petroleum hydrocarbon releases have potentially occurred at the eastern portion of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility. A recent site reconnaissance identified five potential source areas where undocumented historical releases may have occurred. NMED provided written notice that a Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation is required to determine if petroleum hydrocarbon compounds have been released from these five areas. If confirmed, the horizontal and vertical extent, nature, and magnitude of possible petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in shallow soils needs to be determined at the source areas. The investigation needs to include both sorbed-phase and vapor-phase petroleum hydrocarbon compounds within the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility. A conceptual site model (CSM) of the site geology, hydrogeology, and surface water hydrology already exists from the investigation and ongoing remediation at ST-106. It is anticipated that the CSM for the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility will be similar to the CSM established for ST-106.

2. Identification of a Decision that Addresses the Problem The presence or absence of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in the subsurface at the five potential source areas must be determined. These areas can be confirmed as hydrocarbon sources through the collection of soil and soil vapor samples from shallow depths beneath each of the five areas. The horizontal and vertical extent of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in soils from surface to 50 ft bgs at the eastern portion of the facility can be determined by collecting and analyzing surface and subsurface soil samples and evaluating whether or not the sample results are indicative of the presence of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. In addition, the collection of soil vapor samples from the deepest sampling locations can be used as a screening tool at the site to identify other possible areas of undocumented subsurface hydrocarbon impacts. Areas of concern at the site will be investigated by collecting and analyzing soil and soil vapor samples. The extent of the petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in a given area will be established when hydrocarbon-free soil samples are collected laterally, on four sides of the area, and vertically, and analyzed for the contaminants of concern. However, this initial investigation phase will only address the shallow soils at the potential source locations.

A decision on an applicable CSM for the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility will be based on positive identification of hydrocarbon sources, site-specific data gathered during the field investigation activities, and review of available regional and site-specific geologic, hydrogeologic, and surface water hydrologic data from previous investigations at adjacent sites (i .e., ST-106 and ST-109).

3. Identification of Inputs that Affect the Decision Inputs that will affect the decision of whether or not shallow soil samples from areas within the eastern portion of the facility are contaminated include the analytical results for collected soil and soil vapor samples (non-detect for petroleum hydrocarbons) in comparison to NMED action



SECTION 3

levels for TPH, VOCs, and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Positive detections of hydrocarbon compounds will provide confirmation of a release from a suspected source area.

Inputs that will affect the decision of what constitutes an appropriate CSM include which of the potential source areas are confirmed as sources and the applicability of available regional geologic, hydrogeologic , and surface water hydrologic data.

4. Specification of the Domain of the Decision The domain of the decision of whether or not shallow soils at the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility have been negatively impacted is restricted to evaluation of only those soil parameters for which samples are analyzed and for which a regulatory standard exists (i.e., NMED TPH screening guidelines). Additionally, if petroleum hydrocarbon vapor impacts are noted in the subsurface, the potential exists for these vapors to negatively impact groundwater. NMED regulates the protection of groundwater (20 NMAC 20.6.2 et seq.) and the vapor impacts may require mitigation to prevent degradation of groundwater quality.

The domain of the decision of an applicable CSM for the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility is limited to those areas for which data are collected or available.

5. Development of a Logic Statement If analytical data for soil samples collected during this Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation exceed existing screening levels or action levels, the area or depth from which the soil sample was collected will be considered impacted and additional horizontal and/or vertical delineation will be required until nonhydrocarbon impacted samples are collected.

Additionally, the presence of vapor-phase petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in the shallow subsurface may indicate the presence of a larger vapor plume that is the result of historical petroleum hydrocarbon releases on the eastern portion of the facility .

If data collected during this investigation and available data from previous investigations at and near the site (i.e., ST-106, ST-341, and ST-109) provide geologic, hydrogeologic, and surface water data applicable to the site conditions at the facility, then those data will be deemed pertinent and representative in the development of a CSM.

6. Establishment of Constraints on Uncertainty Uncertainty in data used to evaluate the logic statements will be constrained by following the applicable SOPs and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) guidelines specified in the BaseWide Plan; selecting the appropriate analytical support level for the soil sample data; and by adhering to both the field and laboratory data quality indicator (precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, comparability [PARCC]) objectives discussed in the BaseWide Plan Appendix C QAPP, Section 4.2, and evaluation of the applicability of available regional data.

7. Optimization of Design for Obtaining Data To optimize the quality of data collected for evaluation, this Stage 1 Abatement Plan has been developed to be used as guidance during the investigation. Furthermore, field activities will be conducted as specified by the applicable sections of the Base-Wide Plan FSP and SOPs unless specifically modified in this Stage 1 Abatement Plan, or in the site-specific HSP.



SECTION 3

3.2 QA/QC

The QA/QC practices specified in the Kirtland Base-Wide Plan FSP and QAPP will be followed during all sampling activities unless specifically modified in this Stage l Abatement Plan, or in the site-specific HSP.

3.3 Investigation Activities

The field investigation associated with this project will include advancing several direct push boreholes across the site, completing shallow excavations in two areas, and collecting soil and soil vapor samples in areas that are possible sources of historical petroleum product discharges.

The investigation activities that will be conducted are as follows :

• Collection and analysis of surface and subsurface soil samples • Collection and field analysis of soil vapor samples

Detailed discussions of the investigation activities are presented below.

3.3.1 Soil and Soil Vapor Sampling Program at Potential Source Areas

Soil and soil vapor sampling will be conducted to investigate potential petroleum hydrocarbon release areas on the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility. The investigation will include the following:

• The excavation of two potential source areas, the potential former washrack drainfield (Tank 2210) and the former fuel/water evaporation pond, and the collection of soil samples for laboratory analyses.

• The collection and analyses of soil samples from direct push boreholes at each of the five potential petroleum hydrocarbon source areas including the large jet fuel ASTs (Tanks 2420 and 2422).

• The collection and analysis of a shallow soil sample within the earthen secondary containment berm at the three fuel storage ASTs (Tanks2427, 2428, and 2429).

• The installation of temporary vapor probes at each of the five suspected source areas.

• The collection and field analyses of shallow soil vapor samples from the temporary vapor probes at the potential former washrack drainfield (north and northeast sides), the three fuel storage ASTs, the former fuel/water evaporation pond, the recovered liquid fuel collector tank, and adjacent to each of the two tank bottom water-holding tanks and large ASTs.

For the purposes of this Stage l Abatement Plan, shallow soils and soil vapor are limited to the vadose zone from ground surface to 50 ft bgs.

Proposed soil boring locations are shown on Figure 3-1. Soil sample collection will follow those SOPs specified in the Base-Wide Plan in Appendix B. During the field investigation, the coordinates of the sampling locations will be measured using a global positioning system (GPS) unit and recorded in the



SECTION 3

field book. Sample locations, depths, and analytical parameters are summarized in the following sections .

3.3.1.1 Investigation of Former Washrack Drainfield

The initial activity will be excavation along the length of the discharge pipe that is visible leading from the northeast side of the former washrack. The pipe will be uncovered, using a backhoe, about every 10 ft until its termination at the drainfield. Once the drainfield is located, two approximately 20-ft-long trenches will be excavated across the length and width of the drainfield. The trenches will be oriented north-south and east-west. Figure 3-1 , Enlarged Site Plan 2, shows the proposed location of the trenches. The trenches will be excavated to a depth of approximately 4 ft bgs, the anticipated depth to the bottom of the drainfield piping.

Soil samples will be collected at five locations from the two trenches. For the purposes of this Abatement Plan, the soil sampling locations are proposed to be collected at the intersection and each end of the two trenches for a total of five samples. However, the actual soil collection locations will be selected by the field geologist. Soil samples will be field analyzed for headspace readings using a photoionization detector (PID). The soil samples collected for laboratory analyses will be biased to include soil that exhibits staining, odors, or PID readings indicating the presence of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples will be collected from beneath the drainfield piping using the backhoe bucket. No personnel will enter the excavation areas for any reason. The sidewalls and bottom of the excavations will be photographed and logged for soil type, staining, depths, etc. by the field geologist.

Upon completion of sample collection and logging, the excavation will be backfilled with the excavated soil. Soil will be placed back into the excavation in 2-ft lifts and compacted with the backhoe bucket to minimize settling.

Soil samples will be analyzed for TPH as GRO, DRO, and MRO by Method 8015 Modified; and voes by Method 8260. The voe analysis will include chlorinated solvents that could potentially have been released at the former washrack. Additionally, the soil sample with the highest TPH concentration also will be analyzed for SVOes by Method 8270. If TPH is not detected, the soil sample that was submitted to the laboratory from closest to the washrack will be analyzed for SVOes. This location would presumably have received the most washwater in the drainfield.

Once the excavation has been completed and backfilled, a direct push boring will be installed at the approximate center of the drainfield. The direct push boring will be completed to a depth of 50 ft bgs. Soil samples will be collected continuously from ground surface to total depth using a 5-ft-long sampler with sleeve liners. Soil samples will be lithologically logged onto field boring log forms and headspace measurements will be collected with a PID. Soil samples for laboratory analyses will be collected from depths of 5, 15, 25, and 50 ft bgs or at other depths determined by the field geologist based on staining, odors, or PID readings collected during drilling.

A second direct push boring will be completed on the north side of the former washrack. The 1973 aerial photograph (Appendix A) showed darkened soil at this location. The direct push boring will be completed to a depth of 25 ft bgs. Soil samples will be collected continuously from ground surface to total depth using a 5-ft-long sampler with sleeve liners. Soil samples will be lithologically logged onto field boring log forms and headspace measurements will be collected with a PID. Soil samples for laboratory analyses will be collected from depths of 5, 15, and 25 ft bgs or at other depths determined by the field geologist based on staining, odors, or PID readings collected during drilling.



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SECTION 3

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Once the direct push boreholes have been completed to total depth, a temporary soil vapor sampling probe will be placed into the bottom of each borehole and backfilled in-place. The vapor probes will be suspended in the borehole using polyethylene tubing that is then closed at the surface. Soil vapor samples will be collected and analyzed onsite for TPH using the Horiba Model MEXA 554JE emissions analyzer that is currently being used at ST-106. The Horiba emissions analyzer also will report the percent oxygen (02), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (C02) present in the vapor samples.

3.3.1.2 Investigation of Three Fuel Storage ASTs

One soil sample will be collected from a depth of l ft bgs inside the earthen containment berm adjacent to the ASTs. Soil will be excavated by hand augering to a depth of l ft and collecting a sample from l to 1.5 ft bgs. Figure 3-1 shows the proposed sampling locations. A direct push boring will be installed outside the south comer of the secondary containment berm adjacent to a valve on a discharge pipe. This pipe appears to act as a drain, should the secondary containment become full of either water or fuel. The direct push boring will be completed to a depth of 25 ft bgs .

Soil samples will be collected continuously from ground surface to total depth using a 5-ft-long sampler with sleeve liners. Soil samples will be lithologically logged onto field boring log forms and headspace measurements will be collected with a PID. Soil samples for laboratory analyses will be collected from depths of 5, 15, and 25 ft bgs or at other depths determined by the field geologist based on staining, odors, or PID readings collected during drilling. The soil samples from the borehole and the shallow soil will be analyzed for TPH by Method 8015 Modified and VOCs by Method 8260.

Once the direct push borehole has been completed to total depth, a temporary soil vapor sampling probe will be placed into the bottom of the borehole and backfilled in-place. The vapor probe will be suspended in the borehole using polyethylene tubing that is then closed at the surface. A soil vapor sample will be collected and analyzed onsite for TPH using the Horiba emissions analyzer that is currently being used at ST-106. The Horiba emissions analyzer also will report the percent 0 2, CO, and C02 present in the vapor sample.

3.3.1.3 Investigation of Former Fuel/Water Evaporation Pond

The evaporation pond was located 100 ft northeast of the pumphouse building (Building 1041). The location is currently marked with a piece of scrap lumber that was placed into the soil when the evaporation pond was removed from service. Reportedly, the piece of lumber marks the end of the pipe that discharged into the evaporation pond from the pumphouse. A single 10-ft-long trench will be excavated across the width of the former evaporation pond. The trench will be oriented north-south. Figure 3-1, Enlarged Site Plan 1, shows the proposed location of the trench. The trench will be excavated to a depth of approximately 6 ft bgs, the anticipated maximum depth to the bottom of the former evaporation pond. Soil samples will be collected at three locations from the trench.

For the purposes of this Abatement Plan, the soil sampling locations are proposed to be collected at the center and each end of the trench for a total of three samples. However, the actual soil collection locations will be selected by the field geologist. Soil samples will be field analyzed for headspace readings using a PID. The soil samples collected for laboratory analyses will be biased to include soil that exhibits staining, odors, or PID readings indicating the presence of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples will be collected from the bottom of the excavation or the bottom of the former evaporation pond, if discemable in the excavation. Soil samples will be collected from the



SECTION 3

backhoe bucket. No personnel will enter the excavation areas for any reason. The sidewalls and bottom of the excavations will be photographed and logged for soil type, staining, depths, etc. by the field geologist.

Upon completion of sample collection and logging, the excavation will be backfilled with the excavated soil. Soil will be placed back into the excavation in 2-ft lifts and compacted with the backhoe bucket to minimize settling.

Soil samples will be analyzed for TPH as GRO, DRO, and MRO by Method 8015 Modified; and VOCs by Method 8260. Analyzing for VOCs using Method 8260 will allow additional information to be gathered regarding the composition of the hydrocarbon source, if present.

Once the excavation has been completed and backfilled, a direct push boring will be installed at the approximate center of the former pond. The direct push boring will be completed to a depth of 50 ft bgs. Soil samples will be collected continuously from ground surface to total depth using a 5-ft-long sampler with sleeve liners. Soil samples will be lithologically logged onto field boring log forms and headspace measurements will be collected with a PID. Soil samples for laboratory analyses will be collected from depths of 5, 15, 25, and 50 ft bgs or at other depths determined by the field geologist based on staining, odors, or PID readings collected during drilling.


3.3.J.4 investigation of Recovered Liquid Fuel Collector Tank

A single 25-ft-deep direct push boring will be completed adjacent to this tank. Figure 3-1 shows the proposed boring location. Soil samples will be collected continuously from ground surface to total depth using a 5-ft-long sampler with sleeve liners. Soil samples will be lithologically logged onto field boring log forms and headspace measurements will be collected with a PID. Soil samples for laboratory analyses will be collected from depths of 5, 15, and 25 ft bgs or at other depths determined by the field geologist based on staining, odors, or PID readings collected during drilling.





SECTION 3

3.3.1.5 Investigation of Tank Bottom Water-Holding Tanks

One direct push boring will be completed adjacent to each of the holding tanks and one direct push boring will be completed adjacent to each of the large fuel storage ASTs for a total of four borings. Figure 3-1 shows the proposed direct push boring locations. These direct push borings will be angled beneath the tanks. The direct push borings will be completed to a total depth of 50 feet. Due to the angle, the borings will not be completed to an actual depth of 50 ft bgs. The total boring depth will be calculated based on the actual angle that the direct push rig is able to achieve at each location. The angle may vary between locations due to the proximity of the rig to the fuel storage tanks and potential underground utility conflicts. Soil samples will be collected continuously from ground surface to total depth using a 5-ft-long sampler with sleeve liners. Soil samples will be lithologically logged onto field boring log forms and headspace measurements will be collected with a PID. Soil samples for laboratory analyses will be collected from downhole depths of 5, 15, 25, and 50 ft or at other depths determined by the field geologist based on staining, odors, or PID readings collected during drilling.

Once the direct push boreholes have been completed to total depth, a temporary soil vapor sampling probe will be placed into the bottom of each borehole and backfilled in-place. The vapor probe will be suspended in the borehole using polyethylene tubing that is then closed at the surface. A soil vapor sample will be collected and analyzed onsite for TPH using the Horiba emissions analyzer that is currently being used at ST-106. The Horiba emissions analyzer also will report the percent 0 2, CO, and C02 present in the vapor sample.


Tables 3-1 and 3-2 summarize the proposed soil and soil vapor sampling at the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility.

3.3.2 Regional and Site Data Review

Available data on regional and site-specific geologic, hydrogeologic, and surface water hydrology conditions will be reviewed and evaluated. Also, an inventory of existing wells within a 1-mi radius of the site will be compiled. These data were presented in the Stage 1 Abatement Report for the Bulk Fuels Facility (ST-106) (USAF, 2001). These data are still valid; the nearest water production wells are KAFB-15, KAFB-16, and the Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital well. These water production wells are located northwest, north, and northeast of the Bulk Fuels Facility. Groundwater flow is to the north-northwest and sentinel monitoring wells (KAFB 106-2 and KAFB 106-3) are located between the eastern portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility and those wells and are monitored quarterly .

•



SECTION 3

Location

Potential Former Washrack Drainfield

Three Fuel Storage ASTs

Former Fuel/Water Evaporation Pond

Table 3-1. Proposed Sampling to Address Findings of August 2004 Reconnaissance at Eastern Portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility

Data Needs

Confirm location of former washrack drainfield and determine if petroleum hydrocarbon compounds are present in shallow soils and soil vapor.

Aerial photographs indicated that darkened soil was present on the north and northeast sides of the washrack location.

Confirm whether petroleum hydr0carbon compounds have been released to soil inside and adjacent to the containment berm for the small motor vehicle fuel ASTs.

Confirm whether petroleum hydrocarbon compounds were· released to soil from this former operation.

Number of

Investigative Technique I Samples

Positively identify the location of 1-12 environmental the former drainfield by completing soil samples two shallow trenches. Collect five soil samples within the trenches. Drill two boreholes with a direct push drill rig and collect soil samples continuously to a depth of 25 ft bgs in one boring and 50 ft bgs in the other boring. One boring will be at the excavation location and the other boring will be on the north side of the washrack. Collect four soil samples from the 50-ft boring and three soil samples from the 25-ft boring for laboratory analysis. Sample with highest TPH result also will be analyzed for SVOCs. Install a temporary vapor sampling probe into the direct push boreholes. Collect a single vapor sample from each vapor probe for field analysis.

Collect a single soil sample from inside the containment berm. Drill one borehole with a direct push drill rig and collect soil samples continuously to a depth of 25 ft bgs. Collect three samples for laboratory analysis. Install a temporary vapor sampling probe into the direct push borehole. Collect a single vapor sample for field analysis.

Positively identify the location of the former evaporation pond by completing a single shallow trench across the width of the former pond. Collect three soil samples within the trench. Drill one borehole with a direct push drill rig and collect soil samples continuously to a depth of 50 ft bgs. Collect four soil samples for laboratory analysis . Install a temporary vapor sampling probe into the direct push borehole. Collect a single vapor sample for field analysis.

-1 duplicate soil sample

-1 matrix spike/ matrix spike duplicate soil sample

-1 equipment blank during soil sampling

-4 environmental soil samples


- 7 environmental soil samples


-1 matrix spike/ matrix spike duplicate soil sample



East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility 3-10

~

Laboratory Analyses I QA/QC a

TPH I Level 4

voes SVOCs

TPH Level 4 \

voes

TPH Level4

voes

March 8, 2005

Location

Recovered Liquid Fuel Collector Tank

Tank Bottom Water-Holding Tanks

Table 3-1. Proposed Sampling to Address Findings of August 2004 Reconnaissance at Eastern Portion of the Bulk Fuels Facility (concluded)

Number of

Data Needs Investigative Technique Samples

Confirm whether Complete one direct push soil -3 environmental petroleum boring to a depth of 25 ft bgs and soil samples hydrocarbon collect soil samples continuously. compounds were Collect three soil samples for released to soil from laboratory analyses. Install a this tank. temporary vapor sampling probe

into the direct push borehole. Collect a single vapor sample for field analysis.

Confirm whether Complete four direct push soil -16 environmental petroleum borings to a borehole depth of 50 ft soil samples hydrocarbon and collect soil samples compounds were continuously in each boring. -3 duplicate soil

released to soil from Collect four soil samples for samples

these tanks and/or to laboratory analyses from each -1 matrix spike/ soils surrounding the boring. Collect a single vapor matrix spike large ASTs. sample from each vapor sampling duplicate soil

point for field analysis. sample


SECTION 3

Laboratory Analyses QA/QC a

TPH Leve14

voes

TPH Level4

voes

• Laboratory QNQC will include complete laboratory supporting data such as method blanks, calibration curves, continuing calibration results, analysts notes, etc.



SECTION 3

Table 3-2. Summary of Analytical Parameters to Address Findings of August 2004 Reconnaissance at Eastern Portion of Facility

TPH voes SVOCs EPA 8015 Modified EPA 8260 EPA8270

Potential Former Washrack Drainfield

FFES-TP-01-aaaa, -bbbb, -cccc a 3 3 l

FFES-TP-02-aaaa, -bbbb 2 2

FFES-SB-01-aaaa, -bbbb, -cccc, -dddd 4 4

FFES-SB-02-aaaa, -bbbb, -cccc 3 3

Three Fuel Storage ASTs

FFES-SB-03-xxxx l l


Former Fuel/Water Evaporation Pond

FFES-TP-03-aaaa, -bbbb, -cccc 3 3


Recovered Liquid Fuel Collector Tank


Tank Bottom-Water-Holding Tanks





QC Samples b

Equip Rinsate c 3 3

Field Duplicated 5 5

MS/MSD Samples e 3 3

Trip Blank 0 0

Total Samples 53 53 l

• Sample Number denotes site designation-matrix-sample location-sampling event number; (i .e., sample number FFES-SB-01-0002 would be a subsurface soil sample collected at Fuels Facility East Side from soil boring number 01 from the 0- to 2-ft interval bgs) .

b Estimated field QC samples. c Equipment Rinsate Blanks-Collected for each type of nondedicated sampling equipment used and analyzed for

the same parameters as the samples they are used to collect. Collected at a frequency of 5% of the environmental samples .

d Field Duplicates-A field duplicate sample is a second sample collected at the same location as the original sample and is collected simultaneously or in immediate succession. Collected at a frequency of l 0% of the environmental samples.

e Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate (MS/MSD) for laboratory quality control, collected l in 20 samples (5 % frequency).



SECTION 4

4. PROJECT MANAGEMENT

4.1 Project Scheduling and Reporting Requirements

A summary of the expected schedule for conducting the Stage 1 Abatement Plan investigation activities is presented below. A more detailed graphic schedule also is attached (Figure 4-1).

Prepare and submit Stage 1 Abatement Plan 10 March 2005

NMED GWQB review and approval 11 March - 0 l April 2005

Investigation field work 16 May - 27 May 2005

Prepare and submit draft investigation report 29 July 2005

Kirtland AFB review of draft report 01 August - 19 August 2005

Revise and submit final Investigation Report 02 September 2005

4.2 HSP

A site-specific HSP addendum for the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility already exists. This HSP is an addendum to the Kirtland AFB Base-Wide HSP and will be updated for this investigation. Health and safety practices specified in the Kirtland AFB Base-Wide HSP will be adhered to unless modified by the site-specific HSP addendum.

4.3 Investigation-Derived Waste Management Plan (IDWMP)

The following categories of investigation-derived waste (IDW) will be generated during the investigation: soil from trenching, soil cuttings from direct push borings, and used personal protective equipment (PPE). Characterization and disposal of IDW will adhere to those guidelines set forth in the IDWMP portion of the Kirtland AFB Base-Wide Plan, unless modified by this Abatement Plan, or the site-specific HSP. Specific IDW characterization and disposal procedures and modifications are summarized below.

4.3.1 Soil Cuttings and Excavated Soil

Any soil cuttings or excavated soils from direct push borehole advancement and shallow trenching that are not collected as soil samples for analysis will be placed back into the location where they were initially located.

4.3.2 PPE

Generated PPE from site activities will be treated and disposed of as domestic waste unless there is an indication that it is severely contaminated (i .e., gross staining, soil cuttings displaying PID hits). If observations indicate that soil that contacted the PPE is severely contaminated, PPE will be contained and labeled and an appropriate facility for PPE disposal will be selected.



SECTION4

4.4 CRP

The CRP portion of the Kirtland AFB Base-Wide Plan will be adhered to during implementation of the Stage l Abatement Plan investigation.



'

Figure 4-1 . Project Schedule Stage 1 Abatement Plan Investigation

East Side of Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility

SECTION4

ID i i ! February : March I April i May ! June ---: July - - r - ----A-ugusi -- -- -~ l I 0 ! Task Name Duration ! 021@102113 ! 02120 ! 02127 i 03/06 J 03113 i 03120 I 03127 j 04163104110 i 04/17 104124 i 05101 I 05/08 105115 j _Q_5/22 I 05129 i 06/05 ! 05112 i o6719T06/26To7/03 I 07t10To~17 ! § 7124 J ol!~ i o_~Q7T 08114) 0812108/2il_99104 j I ffi3 p"'"""' S"bmit Stage 1 Abotemeo!Ploo 0 days ' :13110 : ' ' : . l

- 2 i tfB NMED GWQB Review and Approval 16 days : Jlli)t:~fU(f ff f J

- 3 - l ~ Base Permits, Subcontracting and Mobilization 25 days j l JJ}ffj)f'{{rn)/{}fh

-41~

I Investigation Field Work 10 days

5 Laboratory Turnaround 20 days

i

6 1f[3 I

Prepare and Submit Draft Report 25 days

I

7 l ma I

Kirtland AFB Review of Draft Report 15 days

8 ~ rg Revise and Submit Final Report to NMED o days

I j ------'-__J_ __ --- -

Project: East Side Schedule fig 4-1 Date: Tue 03108105

Task

Progress

!(:rn:: :~w~H({Wmtl Milestone

Summary • Rolled Up Task nm:nrnrntHmTrl ......---- ..... Rolled Up Milestone (>

I l:~:~:rn:~rrn>1

.....

mr:rnn:rn:mrm ' ·>m1 :rnnrn ·•·:rnm::t+m::::+r:rn:rnn1 ,,,,<•:+m:un:rnM-----,: I

, ,., •· · \ 09m2 I

--·--- ------- I

Rolled Up Progress External Tasks Group By Summary ...,. ---.....-

Split Project Summary .......----------- ..... Kirtland AFB Stage 1 Abatement Plan

East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulle Fuels Facility 4-3 March 8, 2005

REFERENCES

REFERENCES

NMED, 1998. Sampling and Analysis Plans/Work Plans Outline.

USAF, 2004a. Kirtland Air Force Base-Wide Plans for the Environmental Restoration Program, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico. April.

USAF, 2004b. Stage 2 Abatement Plan Report, Installation of the Distal Vadose Zone Monitoring Points at the Kirtland Air Force Base Bulk Fuels Facility (ST-106), Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico. August.

USAF, 2001. Stage I Abatement Plan Report for the Bulk Fuels Facility (ST-106), Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico. May.

Kirtland AFB Stage I Abatement Plan East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility March 8. 2005

APPENDIX A

Appendix A

Bulk Fuel~ Facility Aerial Photographs From Years 1951, 1959, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 1990


East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility A-1 March 8, 2005

Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility 1951 Aerial Photograph


t Former Fuel I Water

Evaporation Pond


Former Fuel I Water Evaporation Pond


A Darkened Soil at Pote 4 Washrack Drain Field


,

APPENDIX B

Appendix B

Soil Sampling SOP


East Side of the Kirtland AFB Bulk Fuels Facility B-1 March 8, 2005

APPENDIXB

SOP 82.3 Subsurface Soil Sampling

The following elements regarding soil borings should be considered when developing project-specific plans:

• All drilling will conform to state and local regulations. Permits, applications, and other documents required by state and local authorities will be obtained.

• The location of all borings will be approved in writing by the base before drilling commences.

• The drill rig will be decontaminated in accordance with SOP Bl.IO. Use of disposable equipment is preferred. If disposable equipment is unavailable, use of decontaminated equipment is allowed. Equipment shall be decontaminated per the requirements of SOP Bl.IO. All sampling equipment which may not be decontaminated should be disposed of in accordance with the project-specific addenda to the WMP (Appendix E of the BWP).

• The drill rig will not leak any fluids that may enter the hole or contaminate equipment that is placed in the hole. The use of rags or diapers to absorb leaking fluids is unacceptable. All leaking fluids will be caught in a proper container until the leak is repaired. If sample integrity could be comprised by leaking drill rig fluids, then sample operation may be shut down until the leak is repaired.

• No fluids will be used to advance soil borings.

• A standard penetration test will be performed each time a split spoon sample is taken. The test will be performed in accordance with ASTM D-1586. Sampling for lithologic logging should be continuous especially near ground surface in the area of potential contamination sources. The depth to which continuous lithologic sampling is completed will be determined on a site-by-site basis after review of site specific stratigraphic data collected during previous investigations. In most cases, the collection of continuous lithologic samples should begin at the ground surface and continue until the water table is encountered.

NOTE: If soil samples are being collected for VOC or total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, those samples should be collected from the sampler prior to lithologic logging and any disturbance to the sample core.

The method of continuous sample collection is dependent on the drilling method used. Common sampling methods include split-spoon samplers, thin-walled samplers, and core barrels. All of these sampling devices can be used with minimal disturbance of the sample.

• Sample collection for VOC and TOC analyses will be in accordance with U.S. EPA SW-846 Method 5035 and NMED requirements. Samples will be collected using En Core® (or similar) samplers. If conditions exist that make the use of this type of sampler impractical (collection of samples from soil cuttings or dry or gravelly conditions), another method may be used and should be addressed in the project-specific work plan. If another method is used, such as a discrete grab sample collected in a 4-ounce jar, the sample should be collected prior to homogenization with as little disturbance as possible.

• Surface water and extraneous materials will not enter the boring.

Kirtland AFB

SOPs for Field Investigations B-83 April2004

APPENDIXB

• Boreholes will be abandoned as specified in project-specific addenda.

• All trash and drill cuttings will be disposed as dictated in project-specific addendum to the WMP (Appendix E of the BWP).

• Subsurface soil samples may also be collected using a stainless steel hand auger or splitspoon sampler. Project-specific addenda will specify the method to be used on the basis of field requirements.

• Lithologic logging is necessary to determine the physical characteristics of the subsurface. This information will be used in conjunction with contaminant chemical and physical data to determine how the contaminant will move from its source to potential receptors. This data will also be used for evaluating the feasibility of various remediation technologies for cleanup of subsurface contamination. The stratigraphy at Kirtland AFB is complex with lateral variation of highly heterogeneous alluvial fan and axial ancestral Rio Grande lithofacies. Small lenses of clay or sand present in these lithofacies can determine how a contaminant is transported from the source site. These lenses may be missed if lithologic sampling is not continuous.

• Before digging begins a digging permit, "Base Civil Engineering Work Clearance Request" form, needs to be completed and approved by the Chief of Operations or Chief of Engineering and Environmental Planning at the base in accordance with Appendix H, Permitting Plan. The work clearance request is processed just prior to the start of work and is valid for 30 days. If delays are encountered and the conditions at the job site change (or may have to be changed) or the project extends past 30 days, this work clearance request must be reprocessed. The type of information that must accompany this permit includes:

- Location

- Work order/job nurtJ.ber

- Contract number

- If the area has been staked/clearly marked or not

- A sketch of the excavation

- Type of facility work involved, i.e. Pavements, drainage systems, railroad tracks, overhead or underground utility or communications, aircraft or vehicular traffic flow, security, etc.

- Date clearance requested and terminated

- Requesting official, phone number, and organization

Hand Auger Sampling

The following procedure will be used for hand auger sampling:

Kirtland AFB


APPEND!XB

• Wear appropriate PPE as specified in the BWHSP (Appendix F of the BWP) and the SSHP. In addition, samplers will don new sampling gloves at each location.

• Use a decontaminated hand-driven 6-inch stainless steel bucket auger. The diameter of the auger may be modified to suit site-specific conditions and shall be specified in the projectspecific addendum.

• Begin turning the auger in a clockwise direction and continue until the desired sampling depth is obtained.

• Remove the auger and collect samples for VOC and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses in accordance with U.S. EPA SW-846 Method 5035 and NMED requirements. Samples will be collected directly from the soil in the auger with as little disturbance as possible, using EnCore® (or similar) samplers. If conditions exist that make the use of this type of sampler impractical (such as dry or gravelly soil conditions), another method may be used and should be addressed in the project-specific work plan. If another method is used, such as a discrete grab sample collected in a 4-ounce jar, the sample should be collected prior to homogenization with as little disturbance as possible.

• Empty remaining contents of the auger into a decontaminated stainless steel pan. Homogenize samples according tp the procedures specified in SOP B2.5, Sample Homogenization. Fill jars using a stainless steel spatula or spoon.

• If it is determined that the sample volume is insufficient to satisfy the analytical requirements, another sample must be obtained from a location immediately adjacent to the first sample.

• Decontaminate according to the procedures outlined in SOP Bl.10.

• Place analytical samples into the shipping cooler and chill on ice to 4 °C, if required. Prepare sample(s) for delivery to the laboratory for analysis within 24 hours of collection.

• Fill out field log book, sample log sheet, custody seals, labels, and C-0-C forms. Example copies of these forms are included in the QAPP (Appendix C of the BWP).

Split-Spoon Sampling Procedure

The following procedure will be used for split-spoon sampling:

• Wear appropriate PPE as outlined in the BWHSP (Appendix F of the BWP) and the SSHP. In addition, samplers will don new sampling gloves at each location.

• Drill borehole to the desired sampling depth. Drive split-spoon into the undisturbed soil, which is to be sampled.

• A stainless steel 2-inch (or 3-inch) outside diameter split-spoon sampler will be driven with blows from a 140-lb (or 300-lb) hammer falling 30 inches until either approximately 2 ft has been penetrated or 100 blows within a 6-inch interval have been applied. This process is referred to as the Standard Penetration Test (ASTM D 1586-74). A decontaminated splitspoon will be used for each sample .collected for chemical analyses.

Kirtland AFB


APPENDIXB

• Soil borings designated for engineering parameters such as Atterberg limits, permeability, sieve analysis, etc., will be obtained using a Shelby tube according to ASTM 1557. Shelby tubes can be used when cohesive materials are encountered, and when an undisturbed sample is required for testing.

• Record the number of blows required for each 6 inches of penetration or fraction thereof. The first 6 inches is considered to be a seating drive. The sum of the number of blows required for the second and third 6 inches of penetration is termed the penetration resistance. If the sampler is driven less than 2 ft, the penetration resistance is still the blows encountered for the second and third 6-inch intervals. If more than 50 blows have been counted for a particular 6-inch interval, then refusal shall be entered on the log.

• Bring the sampler to the surface and remove both ends and one-half of the split-spoon so that the recovered soil rests in the remaining half of the barrel. Place split-spoon on clean polyethylene sheeting. Describe thoroughly the approximate recovery (length), Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) classification, composition, color, moisture, etc., of the recovered soil. A copy of a typical bore log form is depicted in Figure B 1.1-1.

NOTE: If soil samples are being collected for VOC or total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, those samples should be collected from the sampler prior to lithologic logging and any disturbance to the sample core.

• Sample collection for VOC and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses will be in accordance with U.S. EPA SW-846 Method 5035 and NMED requirements. Samples will be collected prior to homogenization from the split-spoon core, using En Core® (or similar) samplers. If conditions exist that make the use of this type of sampler impractical (such as dry or gravelly soil conditions), another method may be used and should be addressed in the project-specific work plan. If another method is used, such as a discrete grab sample collected in a 4-ounce jar, the sample should be collected prior to homogenization with as little disturbance as possible.

• Empty remaining contents of the split-spoon into a disposable sample tray/pan or decontaminated stainless steel pan. Homogenize samples according to the procedures specified in SOP B2.5, Sample Homogenization. Fill remaining jars with soil using stainless steel spatulas or spoons.

• Decontaminate split-spoon sampler according to the procedures outlined in SOP Bl.10.

• Place analytical samples in sample cooler and chill to 4°C. Samples will be shipped to the laboratory within 24 hours.

• Fill out field log book, sample log sheet, labels, custody seals, and C-0-C forms for analytical samples. Example copies of these forms are included in the QAPP (Appendix C of the BWP).

Rock Core Sampling

After rock coring has been completed and the core recovered, the rock core will be carefully removed from the barrel, placed in a core tray (previously labeled "top" and "bottom" to avoid confusion), classified, and measured for percentage of recovery as well as the rock quality designation (RQD). See

Kirtland AFB


APPEND/XE

the Classification of Rocks section in SOP B 1.1 for a description of how to measure the RQD of a core. Each core will be described and classified in the field log book or on appropriate forms described in SOP B 1.1, Borehole and Sample Logging.

After sampling, rock cores must be placed in the sequence of recovery in well-constructed wooden boxes or manufactured plastic core boxes provided by the drilling contractor. Rock cores from two different borings will not be placed in the same core box unless accepted by the Field Geologist. The core boxes should be constructed to accommodate at least 20 linear ft of core in rows of approximately 5 ft each and should be constructed with hinged tops secured with screws and a latch to keep the top securely fastened down. Wood partitions will be placed at the end of each core run and between rows. The depth from the surface of the boring to the top and bottom of the drill run and run number will be marked on the wooden partitions with indelible ink. Any core loss areas will be spaced with wooden blocks, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, or other sturdy material so that the entire core run is represented. The order of placing cores will be the same in all core boxes. The top of each core obtained should be clearly and permanently marked on each box. The width of each row must be compatible with the core diameter to prevent lateral movement of the core in the box. Similarly any empty space in a row will be filled with an appropriate filler material or spacers to prevent longitudinal movement of the core in the box.

The inside and outside of the core-box lid will be marked by indelible ink to show all pertinent data on the box's contents. At a minimum, the following information must be included:

• Project name

• Project number

• Boring number

• Footage (depths)

• Run number( s)

• Recovery

• Box number (x ofy)

It is also useful to draw a large diagram of the core in the box, on the inside of the box top. This provides more room for elevations, run numbers, recoveries, comments, etc., than could be entered on the upper edges of partitions or spaces in the core box.

For easy retrieval when core boxes are stacked, the sides and ends of the box should also be labeled and include project number, boring number, top and bottom depths of core, and box ·number.

A photograph of the recovered core and the labeling on the inside cover will be taken. If moisture content is not critical, the core should be wetted with potable tap water and wiped clean for the photograph (This will help to show true colors and bedding features in the cores).

Due to the weight of the core, two people should always handle a filled core box. Core boxes temporarily stored onsite should be protected from the weather. The core boxes should be removed from the site in a careful manner as soon as possible. ·

Kirtland AFB

SOPs for Field Investigations B-87 April 2004

APPENDJXB

Thin Wall (Shelby Tube) Sampling

When it is desired to take undisturbed samples of soil, thin-walled seamless tube samplers (Shelby tubes) will be used. These samples are not recommended by the EPA for environmental samples. Tube samplers, whether of carbon steel or stainless steel, should not be used for taking VOC samples. The following method applies:

• Clean out the hole to the sampling elevation being careful to minimize the chance for disturbance or contamination of the material to be sampled. In saturated materials, withdraw the drill bit slowly to prevent loosening of the soil around the hole and maintain the water level, if present, in the hole at or above groundwater level.

• The use of bottom discharge bits or jetting through an open-tube sampler to clean out the hole will not be allowed. Any side discharge bits are permitted.

• The sampler must be of a stationary piston-type to limit sample disturbance and aid in retaining the sample. Either the hydraulically operated or control rod-activated type of stationary piston sampler may be used. Prior to inserting the tube sampler in the hole, check to insure that the sampler head contains a check valve. The check valve is necessary to keep water in the rods from pushing the sample out of the tube sampler during sample withdrawal and to maintain suction within the tube to help retain the sample.

• With the sampling tube resting on the bottom of the hole and any water level in the boring at the natural groundwater level or above, push the tube into the soil by a continuous and rapid motion, without impacting or twisting. In no case will the tube be pushed further than the length provided for the soil sample. Allow a free space in the tube for cuttings and sludge. Data to be recorded on the sampling tube when sampling with Shelby Tubes include the maximum pressure exerted for the push, and duration in seconds of the push.

• After pushing the tube, the sampler should sit from 5 to 15 minutes in the borehole prior to removal. Immediately before removal, the sample must be sheared by rotating the rods with a pipe wrench a minimum of two revolutions.

• Upon removal of the sampler tube from the hole, measure the length of sample in the tube and also the length penetrated. Remove disturbed material at both ends of the tube and measure the length of sample again. After removing at least 1-inch of soil from the lower end and after inserting an impervious disk, seal both ends of the tube with at least Yi-inch of wax applied in a way that will prevent the wax from entering the sample. Newspaper or other types of filler must be placed in voids at either end of the sampler prior to sealing with wax. Place plastic caps on the ends of the sampler, tape them into place, and dip the ends in wax to seal them.

• Affix labels to the tubes, as required, and record sample number, depth, penetration, and recovery length on the label. Mark the same information and '"up" direction on the tube with indelible ink, and mark the end of the sample. Complete C-0-C and other required forms. Do not allow tubes to freeze, and store the samples vertically (with the same orientation they had in the ground, i.e., top of sample is up) in a cool place out of the sun at all times. Ship samples protected with suitable resilient packing material to reduce shock, vibration, and disturbance.

Kirtland AFB


APPENDJXB

• Using soil removed from the ends of the tube, carefully describe the sample using the methods presented in SOP Bl.1.

• When thin-wall tube samplers are used to collect soil for certain chemical analyses, it may be necessary to avoid using wax, newspaper, or other fillers. Project-specific addendum will address specific materials allowed dependent on analytes being tested.

Thin-walled undisturbed sampling are sometimes difficult to collect because thin-walled tube samplers are restricted in their usage by the consistency of the soil to be sampled. Often very loose and/or wet samples cannot be retrieved by the samplers, and soils with a consistency in excess of very stiff cannot be penetrated by the sampler. Devices such as Dension or Pitcher cores can be used in conjunction with the tube samplers to obtain undisturbed samples of stiff soils. Using these devices normally increases sampling costs and therefore their use should be weighed against the increased cost and the need for an undisturbed sample. In any case, if a sample cannot be obtained with a tube sampler, an attempt should be made with a split-spoon sampler at the same depth so that at least a sample can be obtained for classification purposes.

Direct Push Sampling for Soil and Groundwater

Direct push technology (DPT) will be used to rapidly collect soil and water samples whenever possible. This technique provides for collection of undisturbed samples and does not generate soil cuttings. This section discusses the DPT method only.

The contractor will need a copy of the DPT subcontractor work plan, waste containers, and appropriate health and safety gear. All additional equipment and materials will be provided by the DPT subcontractor. The DPT subcontractor should be equipped with a rig capable of pushing 30 ft and collecting soil and groundwater samples from any interval within that depth. Equipment should include at minimum the following items:

• Hydraulic ram with hammer assembly

• 1- to 1.5-inch diameter drill rods

• Stainless steel piston-type, split-spoon, or equivalent soil sampling device that allows for lithologic characterization and retrieval of at least 400 milliliters (mL) of sample volume

• Geoprobe®, Hydrocone®, bailer, Teflon® tubing and peristaltic pump, or equivalent water sampling device

• Small diameter PVC riser and screen to make temporary wells if recovery is too slow

• Decontamination equipment

• Health and safety equipment

If a situation arises in which the groundwater recharge is too slow to allow for efficient sampling, a temporary PVC well can be installed for sampling at a later time. This well, however, must be installed according to the following specifications:

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APPENDIXB

• The well will be narrower in diameter than the DPT borehole, leaving annular space around the casing

• The well will be installed between 2 and 5 ft into the water table

• New PVC casing and screen will be used, decontaminated with a stream cleaner and rinsed with copious quantities of deionized water

• Installation of well materials will occur with clean decontaminated gloves

• The well will be sampled and removed within 48 hours of installation

• If left unattended or overnight, locking well caps should be used, or a seal should be used that can indicate tampering

• One volume of the sampling device will be purged prior to sampling

General Methodology

• Verify that the subcontractor has the necessary drilling and sampling equipment, as well as proper decontamination supplies.

• Confirm that sampling locations are staked and that the clearances from all on-Base and offBase utilities have been obtained. Do not begin the sampling until proper digging permits have been obtained and all of the utilities have been marked.

• Locate the sample location and position the DPT rig . . If the sample point is on thick asphalt or concrete, the DPT subcontractor will use a hammer-drill or equivalent to drill a hole through the pavement.

• Verify that the sampling tip has been properly decontaminated, as specified in SOP B 1.10 before beginning penetration.

Soil Sampling Methodology

• For soil sampling, hydraulically advance the sampler to above the target sample interval, unlock the piston point, and advance the sampling device through the sampling interval.

- Pull the rods using the hydraulic apparatus and remove the sample insert or split spoon.

- Log the soil and collect the required samples as specified in the project specific addendum.

• Continue sampling at additional depth intervals or abandon the borehole, as appropriate for the location

Groundwater Sampling Methodology

• If groundwater sampling is necessary, advance the sampler into the water table and collect a sample with the sampling device as specified in SOP B4.1.

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APPENDIXB

• Collect and manage all wastes as specified in the project-specific addenda to the WMP (Appendix E of the BWP).

• Abandon all boreholes and repair pavement before moving to a new site as specified in SOP Bl.4.

Comments

• If a buried object impedes the DPT sampler or if an insufficient sample volume is recovered, reposition the rig in a location to satisfy the intent of the original sample point and try again. Note this on the borehole logging form.

• If the total recovered sample volume is insufficient for both screening and laboratory analysis, a second hole will be pushed as close as possible to the original hole and an additional sample will be taken from the same depth interval. The two samples will be composited prior to sampling for chemical analysis.

References for Other Applicable ASTM Standards

ASTM D1452 - Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings

ASTM D1586-Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils

ASTM D4220 - Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples

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Kirtland AFB


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