week 1: research
DESCRIPTION
Dr Scott Turner. Week 1: Research. PhD Successful PhD students Professional researcher Published. Why Me?. Module. Assessment 1: Proposal (15%) Due within the next six weeks. Assessment 2: Dissertation (85%) Due September. Due January with written agreement of Peter Leadbetter. Today. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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WEEK 1: RESEARCH
Dr Scott Turner
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WHY ME?•PhD•Successful PhD students•Professional researcher•Published
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Module Assessment 1: Proposal (15%)
Due within the next six weeks.
Assessment 2: Dissertation (85%) Due September. Due January with written agreement of Peter Leadbetter.
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Today
Introduction Activities Library
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QUESTIONS, QUESTIONS
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DO SOMETHING YOU ARE INTERESTED IN
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...BUT CONSIDER OTHERS AS WELL.
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Question
Refine the Question
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SO WHAT? PRINCIPLES
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So What?
Why is this work interesting?
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So What?
What is new?
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So What?
What is going to impress?
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So What?
Why is it going to impress?
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So What?
Could it be published?
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WHEN DO YOU START?
...NOW
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TIME IS NO EXCUSE
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Activity 1
What is the Semantic Web? (1 ½ Hours with break)
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SUPERVISORS
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Your first point of contact for your project.
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Get one as soon as possible!
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Project is your responsibility not theirs.
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It is expect you look at the course material for duties of each party.
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Ultimate Two Aims
To get an MSc
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Ultimate Two Aims
To convince people you are right!
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ALL COMES DOWN TO EVIDENCE
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For example
Experimental Support from others work
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PLANNING AND PREPARATION
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Time
Read around Write Test Build Design Refine
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Resources
What? Where? When? Why?
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Methods
What are the options?
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Activity 2
Create a plan for a project that uses the Semantic Web (1/2 Hour)
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
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AIM
Single general statement outlining the project.
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Objectives
Individual activities to reach the aim.
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Objectives
All most be... SMART
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Specific
Be precise about what you are going to do.
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Specific
Use actions verbs – e.g. build, conduct, develop, design.
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Measurable
How is that objective going to be measured.
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Achievable
Can it be done?
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Achievable
If it is not achievable/too big what use is it?
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Achievable
Objectives should motivate.
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Realistic
Do you have the resources?
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Realistic
Can it be done in the time?
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Timely
When will the objective be achieved?
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OBJECTIVES SHOULD MOTIVATE
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Activity 3:
Background: To go into schools and deliver a series of workshops activities to year 7 to 10 students that combines engineering, computing and waste management.
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Activity 3: Objective 1
To have delivered a minimum of six session sessions (12 hours) of the funded project to 120 students by March 2011.
Is this SMART?
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Activity 4
Go to the NILE sites and either Use the print/view version of the course
material (pg 30) Self test on the learning objects under
the aims and objectives section.
Do this activity (starting now and bring back next week)
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Activity 5
14:00-15:30 : IT room 1 in Avenue Library
Session: Library and searches. To be lead by: Helena Beeson Helena can be there for guidance for
the whole time if need be.
Meet at the entrance to the library at 14:00.
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Activities : outside class Complete activity 4 Meet potential supervisors Refine your research question Literature search for your project
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WEEK 2: PLANNING AND SOURCES
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Sources
Select a topic
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Sources
Define your terms and terminology
Not always as easy as it sounds
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Sources
Not always as easy as it sounds
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Sources
Define your parameters
Information overloading
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Sources
Identify the sources
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Sources
What is a good source?
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‘Paper’ Sources
Books Journals Thesis and Dissertations
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Internet and electronic sources Google ? Google Scholar? What else? E-Journals/Electronic version of Journals
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REVIEWING LITERATURE
Why?What?How?
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Reading
Not just reading
Previous similar products
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Reading
Basically knowing what others have done.
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As you read...
Become critical
Look for relationships
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Not acceptable
Only present facts /figures
Incoherent presenting pattern
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Not acceptable
Only other people’s thoughts It is your work!
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Not acceptable
Unnecessarily limited evidence of reading.
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Activity 6:approx. ½ hour
Why we reference? How we reference? How to be construct a reference? How do we use references with in the
text? Go to
http://www.glomaker.org/samples/GLOMaker_Ref_books/GLO_Player.html
This can be found on page 41 of the notes or Exercise 1 on the Learning Object
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Considerations
Avoid getting bogged down
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Considerations
You can’t read everything
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Considerations
Avoid getting distracted
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Considerations
What has been published /produced lately
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Considerations
Go to original documents when possible.
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Referencing and Quotes
Use Harvard Referencing at all times.
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Referencing and Quotes
Only use quotes
... if they add to your argument.
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Referencing and Quotes
Give authors credit for their work
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Record everything
...throw nothing away
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Example of what’s is to be recorded Author(s) Title of journal Volume number Date of issue Page numbers Publisher ISSN Number Your Comments
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WHY PLAN AND HOW?
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Planning tools: Mind Maps
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Planning tools: Activity Diagrams
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Planning Tools: Gantt Chart
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Activity 7: With your dissertation idea in mind. Do the following tasks.
Find three references that relate to your dissertation idea.
write a 250-500 word summary (not including the reference list)
Add the reference list (using Harvard Referencing) as well at the end.
Present a one minute verbal pitch on your project.
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Activities : outside class Produce a plan for your work using
Gantt chart and either Memory Map/Activity Diagram/other
appropriate tool (UML?) Meet (potential) supervisors Refine your research question Literature search for your project
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WEEK 3: SUPERVISORS, RECORDS AND METHODS
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HANDLING YOUR SUPERVISOR
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Contact
Schedule should suit both of you.
How time will you have with them.
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Contact
What are the best ways to contact each other?
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Boundaries
Be clear where you can expect help.
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What is different?
Two-way relationship - you work with them.
There as a guide.
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Individuals
Style is individual.
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Needs
Understand the supervisor’s needs as a supervisor.
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Meetings
You should manage them .
Stick to the appointments.
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Meetings
Are there objectives?
What is the outcome(s) of the meeting?
What are the action points?
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Meetings
You need to plan for them.
What do you want specifically :
-to get out of the meeting?-to ask?-to know?
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Meeting
Think of the meeting time as a resource – have you just wasted it?
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Meetings
Have you kept a log of the meetings?
It is your responsibility – not the supervisors.
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WHY KEEP RECORDS?
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Why?
You might want it later!
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Why?
Stops you repeat!
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Considerations
How much to you store depends on the project.
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Considerations
Don’t throw it away!
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Considerations
Always record source.
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How to store it.
Log Book
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Log Book
Notebook
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Log Book
Loose-leaf folder
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APPROACHES
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The Big Two
Quantitative v Qualitative Research
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Quantitive
Objective . Factual data. Often in numeric form.
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Qualitative
Subjective Opinions, perceptions and experiences.
Often non-numeric.
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WHICH IS BEST?
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METHODS AND METHODOLOGY
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Methodology
System of methods used?
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Empirical
Experimental Getting evidence to test a hypothesis.
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Examples
Lab work Field Tests
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Reporting expectation
Objectives Theory Methods Results Analysis Conclusions
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Can be concerned with a comparison between different groups of people
Warning: still need to control the experimental conditions.
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Surveys
The information may be obtained in a number of ways: From a groups of people. Observation of events, From literature or documents.
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The first two types involve some fieldwork
third type is essentially deskwork.
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The data obtained can be in numeric form and hence can be analysed statistically.
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ETHICS, COLLECTING DATA, INTERVIEWS
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Collecting Data
Methods and Evidence
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Interviews
Types and purpose
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Ethics
Issues and mediation
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Activity 1
Work through the material on the learning material for the following: If you haven’t already done it,
material upto collecting data.- Outside of the class.
The material including exercises on collecting data, interviews and ethics.
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Activity 2
Add to your proposal the following: Ethical, social and legal issues How are you going to evaluate the project? Explain why this particular approach(es) is/are to be used.
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Activity 3
Bring to the next session Draft copy of your proposal. 5 min only presentation on your
project. Written answer to this question:
What do you think is the difference between an MSc and BSc dissertation?
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DATA INTERPRETING AND PRESENTING
Week 5
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Data Collection
Well designed data collection methods
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Useless Data
Data is useless until it is analysed.
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Useless Data
Analysis is limited until it is presented well.
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Is it really there?
Does the data show it...over generalisation
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Is it enough?
Too little data...unsupported claims
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Too little data?
...might be all you are going to get.
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Is it enough?
A lot of data...where do I start?
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DISSERTATION STRUCTURE
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Classic structure
Title page List of contents Abstract Introduction (approx. 10%) Literature review (approx. 20%) Methodology (approx. 15%) Presentation and analysis of data (approx. 25%) Critique of outcomes or findings (approx. 20%) Conclusions (10%) References
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Word count
Approx 12000-12500 words Not including
Tables Figures References Code
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Format – Requirement
25 mm margins double spaced lines single sided printing 12 point font size Bound – can be spiral bound.
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Title Page example
Quality Assurance in Internet Engineering
By M. Mouse BScSubmission date: 15 August 2010
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Computing at The University of Northampton
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Abstract
Provide potential readers with a quick overview of the dissertation
Useful to start draft the abstract before the dissertation is completed.
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Modified Structure- experimentalThere can be modification to this classic dissertation
structure. Title page List of contents Abstract Introduction Literature review Experiment
(a) Methodology (b) Presentation and analysis of data (c) Comments and critique of outcomes or findings, ideally that lead to the next set of experiments
Conclusions References
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Discuss it!
The structure is not set in stone. However, the elements contained in the classical structure must be present in whatever structure you decide to adopt
Discuss structure with your supervisor.
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non-discriminatory language Basic principle: writing in such a way
that is does not denigrate or excluded particular groups of people on the basis of what may be fairly arbitrary characteristics, such as sex, age, race, religion, physical and mental abilities or sexual orientation. (Blaxter et al 1996, p. 224)
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Drafting
Begins as soon as you start to collect data. There will be a number drafts and revisions
before you arrive at the final document. It is a good idea to write up as you gather
information. Editing will then take place
as more information is gathered to take account of the word limit and to link
the sections of the dissertation together
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Drafting
If you encounter difficulty in starting to write then try writing the introduction to the dissertation. Although you will have to redraft this a number of times it should help you to focus your thoughts with regard to the collecting of data and other relevant information.
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Drafting
Writing blocks may occur at any time. If this happens process any information you have gathered just to try and remove block, the way forward may then emerge during this activity.
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Drafting
Sometimes when writing the ideas just flow.
Leave clear pointers to the topic to be to introduced, perhaps by a series of bullet points so you can recommence writing.
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Headings
limited number of main headings. If you use sub-headings it must make
the text more accessible, not turn it into a directory of short paragraphs with no coherent flow of ideas
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Headings
If you need to go to headings such as 3.1.1.1 re-think your structure.
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Headings
No more than three levels
1. Heading1.1 Subheading
1.1.1 Subheading1.1.2 Subheading
1.2 Subheading
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When to start
Now: you should not wait until you have gathered all the information and data you think you require before you commence writing the dissertation.
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Remember that the final dissertation will be an account of
what you have done?why you did it?what you found out?
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Interesting read
Does it have to be an interesting read? As far as possible it should be whilst keeping the language formal – this should be a piece of professional quality work.
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Activity A
Read a dissertation and then use the marking sheets to grade the dissertation you to take the role of the second marker.
Ignore the oral/viva/presentation part.
Time: 1 Hour.
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Activity B
You are to draft out the structure of your dissertation.
Consider What are you going to be put in each
sections What are the sections Use notes and bulletpoints to this aim Initial headings.
Time: 1 Hour.
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Activity C
Pair up with the other person who had the same dissertation and agree a final grade and comments.
Do you pass it or fail? Explain your decision as if you were
explain it to an external person.