Lecture 7

Mental Models and Conceptual Design

UX Theory / IIT 2014 Spring Class hours : Monday 4 pm – 7 pm 14th April

INTRODUCTION

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Figure 8-1 You are here; the second of three chapters on creating an interaction design in the context of the overall Wheel lifecycle template.

MENTAL MODELS

• Designer’s mental model

– Vision of how system works as held by designer

• What the system is

• How it is organized

• What it does and how

• User’s mental model

– Description of how system works as held by user

• Conceptual design is what we use to connect the two

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MENTAL MODELS

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Figure 8-2 Mapping the designer's mental model to the user's mental model.

MENTAL MODELS

• Designer’s Mental Model

– Designer’s mental model in the ecological perspective: Describing what

the system is, what it does, and how it works within its ecology

– Designer’s mental model in the interaction perspective: Describing how

users operate it

– Designer’s mental model in the emotional perspective: Describing

intended emotional impact

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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

• Leverage Metaphors in Conceptual Design

– Metaphors in the ecological perspective

– Metaphors in the interaction perspective

– Metaphors in the emotional perspective

• Conceptual Design from the Design Perspectives

– Conceptual design in the ecological perspective

– Conceptual design in the emotional perspective

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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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Figure 8-3 Designer workflow and connections among the three conceptual design perspectives.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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Figure 8-4 Part of a conceptual design showing immersion in the emotional perspective (sketch courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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Figure 8-5 Early conceptual design ideas from the ecological perspective(sketch courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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Figure 8-6 Ecological conceptual design ideas focusing on a feature for a smart ticket to guide users to seating (sketch courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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Figure 8-7 Ecological conceptual design ideas focusing on a feature showing communication connection with a smartphone (sketch courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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Figure 8-8 Ecological conceptual design ideas focusing on the features for communicating and social networking (sketch courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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Figure 8-9 Part of a conceptual design in the interaction perspective(sketch courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

STORYBOARDS

• Making Storyboards to Cover All Design Perspectives

– Hand-sketched pictures annotated with a few words

– All the work practice that is part of the task, not just interaction with the

system, for example, include telephone conversations with agents or roles

outside the system

– Sketches of devices and screens

– Any connections with system internals, for example, flow to and from a

database

– Physical user actions

– Cognitive user actions in “thought balloons”

– Extra-system activities, such as talking with a friend about what ticket to buy

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STORYBOARDS

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Figure 8-10 Example of a sequence of sketches as a storyboard in the ecological perspective (sketches courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

STORYBOARDS

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Figure 8.10, cont’d

STORYBOARDS

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Figure 8-11 Part of a different Ticket Kiosk System storyboard in the ecological perspective(sketches courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

STORYBOARDS

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Figure 8-12 Sample sketches for a similar concert ticket purchase storyboard in the interaction perspective (sketches courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

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Figure 8.12, cont’d

STORYBOARDS

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Figure 8.12, cont’d

STORYBOARDS

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Figure 8-13 Storyboard transition frame with thought bubble explaining state change (sketches courtesy of Akshay Sharma, Virginia Tech Department of Industrial Design).

DESIGN FOR EMBODIED INTERACTION

• Embodied interaction

– Involves user’s physical body in interaction with technology

– In a natural way, such as by gestures

• Moving interaction off screen and into action-situated real world

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DESIGN FOR EMBODIED INTERACTION

• Embodiment

– “How nature of living entity’s cognition shaped by form of its physical ma

nifestation in world.”

– Central to idea of phenomenological interaction

– Dourish: “How we understand the world, ourselves, and interaction come

s from our location in a physical and social world of embodied factors.”

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DESIGN FOR EMBODIED INTERACTION

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Figure 8-14 The Scrabble Flash Cube game.

UBIQUITOUS AND SITUATED INTERACTION

• Ubiquitous, Embedded, and Ambient Computing

– Ubiquitous interaction is interaction occurring not just on computers and

laptops but potentially everywhere in our environment. Interactive

devices are being worn by people; embedded within appliances, homes,

offices, stereos and entertainment systems, vehicles, and roads; and

finding their way into walls, furniture, and objects that we carry.

• Situated Awareness and Situated Action

– In a social interaction setting, this can help find other people and can help

cultivate a feeling of community and belonging (Sellen et al., 2006)

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Exercise 8-2: Storyboard for Your System

• Goal

– Get a little practice in sketching storyboards.

• Activities

– Sketch storyboard frames illustrating narrative sequences of action in each of the three perspectives.

– Include things like these in your storyboards:

• Hand-sketched pictures annotated with a few words

• All the work practice that is part of the task, not just interaction with the system, for example, include telephone conversations with agents

or roles outside the system

• Sketches of devices and screens

• Any connections with system internals, for example, flow to and from a database

• Physical user actions

• Cognitive user actions in “thought balloons”

• Extra-system activities, such as talking with a friend about what ticket to buy

– For the ecological perspective, illustrate high-level interplay among human users, the system as a whole, and the surrounding

context.

– In the interaction perspective, show screens, user actions, transitions, and user reactions.

– Use storyboards in the emotional perspective to illustrate deeper user experience phenomena such as fun, joy, and aesthetics.

• Schedule

– You decide how much time you can afford to give this. If you cannot do this exercise in all three perspectives, just pick one, perhaps

the ecological perspective.

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Mid-Term Presentation Guideline

• Presentation Document Content

– System Concept Statement

– Flow Model

– Social Model

– Persona

– Some sketches (as many as possible)

– Storyboard

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Mid-Term Submission Guideline

• Post a blog

– Embed the presentation file from slideshare.

– 3 mins(Maximum) concept movie

• Brief your product/service idea

• You can add your interview

– Compile into the Kickstarter format

• Your funding goal

• USP you need to promote

• https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/aldobeqiraj/bringrrtm-helping-you-keep-

track-of-what-matters-m

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