Salt lake community college

By Quyen Dinh

November 21th, 2018

Fall semester 2018

Scientific Foundations of Human Nutrition (LS)

Mr. Ronald D. Vernon

I. INTRODUCTION.

II. LIST OF CONTENTS

A. What is osteoarthritis?

B. How long does viral arthritis last?

1. Acute arthritis

2. Chronic arthritis

a) Osteoarthritis.

b) How does diet affect osteoarthritis?

3. Facts of arthritis.

III. CONCLUSION

IV. REFERENCES

Introduction

As part of our body’s defense system, inflammation is one of the most basic

human processes. Osteoarthritis -the inflammation or degeneration of the joints - is the

most common disease to affect musculoskeletal system in the elderly to sport young

athletes injuries.” How can I reduce my osteoarthritis symptoms by changing my

diet?” ,”what food can cause or reduce the inflammation?”,” how can fish oils help ease

osteoarthritis symptoms?”. There are a lot of questions and problems that we’ve heard

and need to be solved.

- “We are what we eat.”

What is osteoarthritis?

“When your joints, instead of your breakfast cereal, go snap, crackle and pop,

you know you are over the hill” - Anonymous.

In general, osteoarthritis is a major cause of joint pain or the inflammation of a

joint. The literal Greek translation of the word “arthr-” (joint), and “itis” (inflammation).

A joint is made up of the end of

two bones, cartilage that lines

the end of the bones, a joint

capsule containing synovial

fluid,and ligaments and tendons

that support the joint.

How long does viral arthritis last?

Where joint pain occurs?

The back, the hip, the knee, the foot and ankle, the shoulder, the elbow, the hand

and wrist...

Acute arthritis (short term)

Briefly information about acute arthritis.

1. Causes: usually due to infection; bacterial invasion of joints cause

inflammation.

2. Examples: Lyme disease, TB, rheumatic fever…

Chronic arthritis (long term)

There are three most common

types:

1. Osteoarthritis

(Degeneration of articular

cartilage (wear and tear).

2. Rheumatoid arthritis

(Autoimmune disease;

immune system attacks

synovial membrane)

3. Gouty arthritis

(Uric acid produced from

breakdown of nucleic

acid.)

Osteoarthritis(OA)

❖ Signs and symptoms.

● JOINT PAIN. The feeling is different from a muscular ache and may come and go

according to changes in the weather. The pain usually worse with activity and

better with rest, although the pain can become constant in later stages.

● STIFFNESS. Stiff joints, limited range of motion, and in later stages, joints that

don’t move at all are all signs of OA. Morning stiffness.

● SWELLING. Not always but some joints so swell in response to the cartilage

damage found in OA. The fingers and knees are the most often affected.

● BONY GROWTH ON THE FINGERS. Bony lumps, either at the ends of the

fingers (Heberden’s nodes) or on the middle joint of the fingers (Bouchard’s

nodes).

❖ Diagnosis and Pathology

● Probably due to aging and lack of circulation.

● Sport injuries. “Unhappy triad” - the most common type of football injury.

● May be a genetic factor involving collagen production.

● Exposed bone thickens and forms bony spurs, restricting movement.

❖ Population most affected

Both sexes in old age, more than half of people aged 65 years have some joint

symptoms, while symptoms are uncommon in people younger than 40 years.

❖ Rx. and treatment.

● Aspirin (Asaphen, Bayer, Ecotrin, Empirin,...)

● A precursor of aspirin, salicin, found in bitter leaves of the willow tree, was known

as Hippocrates.

● Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory NSAIDS (which include ibuprofen

Advil,Motrin,Nuprin,Rufin ; naproxen Aleve, Anaprox,Naprelan, Naprosyn ,Naxen

and ketoprofen Actron,Orafen, Orudis...) and a lot of other drugs as painkillers.

● Supplements: glucosamine sulfate,Chondroitin, ASU( Avocado-soy

unsaponifiables)

● Exercise.

● Turmeric one of its renowned healing compounds was known as curcumin, fight

inflammation, may outperform common arthritis drug because curcumin is known

for its powerful anti-inflammatory and pain-reducing characteristics.

❖ Nutrient involved.

● Green tea. The phytochemicals (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti allergic,

antiviral, anticancer agents.) in green tea helped protect cartilage against

damage and break down in the laboratory.

● OMEGA-3 fatty acids found in fish and fish oil has been shown to help reduce

arthritis pain. The omega-3s stopped inflammation and stopped the production of

chemicals known to cause joint destruction.

● Glucosamine Sulfate. Stimulating production of glycosaminoglycan, an important

component of cartilage in joints. Taking supplements of glucosamine sulfate

delays the progress of osteoarthritis.

How does diet affect osteoarthritis?

Some inflammation-Fighting Guidelines:

1. Eats lots of fruits and vegetables (Power of phytochemicals) - at least 5 servings

each day.

2. Eat fish three to five times each week.

3. Add olive oil to your diet.

4. Eat very little meat, poultry, cheese, butter, and other animal products or become

a vegetarian.

5. Take recommended supplements daily or in food sources .Antioxidants:

● Vitamin A or beta carotene and other carotenoids, which are the plant

form of vitamin: yellow orange fruit, vegetable such as apricots, carrots,

pumpkin, mangoes, papaya, potatoes, peaches,... dark green leafy such

as broccoli, spinach, parsley, … also in milk, eggs, turkey, liver,..

● Vitamin C: fresh meat, cantaloupe, kiwi, orange, mangoes, raspberries

pineapples,strawberries, … veggies such as cabbage, asparagus,

broccoli, red pepper,...

● Vitamin E: nuts, seed, whole grains and vegetable oils such as sunflower

and safflower oils,... also avocado, peanut butter,...

● Mineral Selenium. Beside protecting your cells form the toxic effects of

free radicals by helping to recycle vitamin E in the body and make the

antioxidants enzyme glutathione, selenium also help to keep the immune

system functioning properly. You can find in swordfish, salmon, tuna,

oatmeal, brown rice, sunflowers seeds, oysters,...

6. Eat less. (Lose weight help osteoarthritis)

7. Identify and avoid personal problem food.

Arthritis Facts

● According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in three adults

in the U.S. suffers from arthritis or chronic joint pain.

● Almost twice as many women as men suffer from arthritis.

● Arthritis accounts for nearly forty million doctors visits and more than a half

million hospitalizations.

● Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, afflicting more than twenty

million Americans.

● Rheumatoid arthritis and gout are second and third most common causes of

arthritis. While rheumatoid arthritis strikes mostly women, gout tends to afflict

men.

● Gout is twice as likely to strike African-American mean as Caucasian men. This

may be because moe African-American men suffer from hypertension and take

medication to lower their blood pressure. Some of these antihypertensive drugs

can increase production of uric acid - the substance that crystallizes and then

deposit in gouty joints.

● An astonishing 285,000 children under age seventeen have arthritis, including

50,000 who have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

“No more joint pain”

Conclusion

By tinkering with our diet, it is often possible to reduce aches and pain, regain

energy and vitality, increase mental clarity and lower the risk for inflammation-related

disease. Although most of us rarely think about food purpose , what we eat has

powerful effects on our bodies. In fact, food is one of our most valuable tools for

maintaining inflammation balance.

References

*Books in SLCC Redwood Taylorsville Campus library.

- Theodosakis, J., MD,MS,FACPM, & Buff, S. (2004). The arthritis cure: The

medical miracle that can halt, reverse, and may even cure osteoarthritis (Revised

ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.

- McNeil,M. E., Foreword by Kenneth Sack, MD.(2005). Rheumatoid arthritis: An

essential guide for newly diagnosed. New York: Marlowe.

- COPEMAN, W. S. (1964). A Short History of the Gout and the Rheumatic

Diseases. University of California Press: Berkeley & Los Angeles.

- Abboud, J. A., & Abboud, S. K. (2010). No more joint pain. New Haven, CT: Yale

University Press.

- Siegel, I. M. (2002). All about joints: How to prevent and recover from common

injuries. New York: DEMOS.

- Meggs, W. J., & Svec, C. (2005). The inflammation cure: Simple steps for

reversing heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, asthma, Alzheimer's disease,

osteoporosis, other diseases of aging. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Anatomy book (BIOL 2320)

- Physiology book (BIOL 2420)

*Source from the internet:

- Arthritis types. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mydr.com.au/arthritis/arthritis-

types