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St. Aloysius SchoolSpanish III
Preterite vs Imperfect: Part I Spanish has two past tenses: preterite and imperfect. Most verbs can be put into either tense, depending upon the meaning. In this lesson, you will learn to conjugate regular –ar verbs in the preterite and the imperfect. You will also learn the basic difference between the preterite and the imperfect, so that you can begin using them correctly. To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:
-é-aste-ó-amos-aron-aron To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following endings: -aba -abas -aba -ábamos -aban-aban
Compare the verb “hablar” conjugated in the preterite and the imperfect. P R E T E R I T E I M P E R F E C T
hablé hablaste habló hablamos hablasteis hablaron
hablaba hablabas hablaba hablábamos hablabais hablaban
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Generally speaking, the preterite is used for actions in the past that are seen as completed. Use of the preterite tense implies that the past action had a definite beginning and definite end. Juan habló de la una hasta las dos. Juan spoke from one until two o’clock. (Clearly stated beginning and end)
It is important to realize that the beginning and the end may not always be clearly stated. Juan habló dos horas. Juan spoke for two hours. (Implied beginning and end) Juan habló con la estudiante. Juan spoke with the student. (Implied beginning and end) Generally speaking, the imperfect is used for actions in the past that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. Las chicas hablaban en inglés. The girls used to speak in English. (No definite beginning or end) You have now learned the basic difference between the preterite and the imperfect: The preterite tells us specifically when an action took place. The imperfect tells us in general when an action took place. NOTE: Although this difference may appear simple, this is actually a complex topic, and you will learn the finer points in later lessons.
Do Exercise A & B in the back of this packet.
Fr. Clint sayz: For the sake of simplicity at this point, translate the preterite as the simple past: eg. I ate, drank, looked, etc. Translate the imperfect with “used to” or “was”/”were”: eg. I used to eat, I was drinking, we were looking, etc.And sometimes you just have to eat some chocolate!
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ER and IR verbs in the Preterite Tense
In the last lesson, you learned that the preterite is used for past actions that are seen as completed. You also learned how to conjugate regular -ar verbs. In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate -er and -ir verbs, and become more familiar with the uses of the preterite.
As we have seen, to conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:-é-aste-ó-amos-aron-aron
Now, to conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following:-í-iste-ió-imos-ieron-ieron
Here are all three regular preterite verb forms together:
hablar comer vivirhablé comí vivíhablaste comiste vivistehabló comió vivióhablamos comimos vivimoshablaron comieron vivieronhablaron comieron vivieron
Note: the nosotros forms for -ar and -ir verbs are the same in both preterite and present tenses: hablamos, vivimos.
The preterite is used for actions that can be viewed as single events.
Ella caminó por el parque.She walked through the park.
Ellos llegaron a las ocho.They arrived at eight o'clock.
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The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times, or occurred during a specific period of time.
Ayer escribí tres cartas.Yesterday I wrote three letters.
Vivimos allí por cuatro años.We lived there for four years.
The preterite is used for actions that were part of a chain of events.Ella se levantó, se vistió, y salió de la casa.She got up, dressed, and left the house.
The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.Empezó a nevar a las ocho de la mañana.It began to snow at eight in the morning.
The above examples all fall within our general rule for using the preterite:The preterite is used for past actions that are seen as completed.
ER and IR Verbs in the Imperfect Tense
As we saw above, you learned that the imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. You also learned how to conjugate regular -ar verbs. In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate -er and -ir verbs, and become more familiar with the uses of the imperfect.
To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:-aba-abas-aba-ábamos-aban-aban
Now, to conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following:-ía-ías-ía-íamos-ían-ían
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Here are all three regular imperfect verb forms together:hablar comer vivirhablaba comía vivíahablabas comías vivíashablaba comía vivíahablábamos comíamos vivíamoshablaban comían vivíanhablaban comían vivían
The imperfect is used for actions that were repeated habitually.Almorzábamos juntos todos los días.We would lunch together every day.
Las señoras siempre charlaban por las mañanas.The ladies would always chat in the mornings.
The imperfect is used for actions that "set the stage" for another action.Yo leía cuando entró mi papá.I was reading when my papa entered. (Note that "entered" is preterite)
The imperfect is used for telling time and stating one's age.Eran las siete de la noche.It was seven o'clock at night.
La niña tenía cinco años.The little girl was five years old.
The above examples all fall within our general rule for using the imperfect:The imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed.
Do Exercise C at the end of this packet.
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Seeing them all lined up!
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SubjectPronoun
Translation AR Verb Tranlsation ER Verb Translation IR Verb Translation
Hablar Comer VivirPresent Tense
Yo I Hablo I talk Como I eat Vivo I liveTu You Hablas You talk Comes You eat Vives You liveEl, ella S/he Habla s/he talks Come s/he eats Vive s/he livesNosotros We Hablamos We talk Comemos We eat Vivimos We liveUstedes You-all Hablan You-all talk Comen You-all eat Viven You-all liveUstedes They Hablan They talk Comen They eat Viven They live
Imperfect TenseYo I hablaba I was talking comía I was eating vivía I was livingTu You hablabas You were
talkingcomías You were
eatingvivías You were
livingEl, ella S/he hablaba s/he was
talkingcomía s/he was
eatingvivía s/he was
livingNosotros We hablábamos We were
talkingcomíamos We were
eatingvivíamos We were
livingUstedes You-all hablaban You-all were
talkingcomían You-all were
eatingvivían You-all were
livingUstedes They hablaban They were
talkingcomían They were
eatingvivín They were
livingPreterite
Yo I hablé I spoke comí I ate viví I livedTu You hablaste You spoke comiste You ate viviste You livedEl, ella S/he habló s/he spoke comió S/he ate vivió S/he livedNosotros We hablamos We spoke comimos We ate vivimos We livedUstedes You-all hablaron You-all spoke comieron You-all ate vivieron You-all livedUstedes They hablaron They Spoke comieron They ate vivieron They lived
El dia de los muertos!
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Ser, Ir, Dar & Hacer in the Preterite Tense…In this lesson you will learn to conjugate four important verbs in the preterite tense: ser, ir, dar and hacer.
These four verbs are irregular; you must memorize them – there’s no easy way around it:
Ser (to be) Ir (to go) Dar (to give) Hacer (to do or make)
fui fui di hicefuiste fuiste diste hicistefue fue dio hizofuimos fuimos dimos hicimosfueron fueron dieron hicieronfueron fueron dieron hicieron
Note: This is not a typo; ser and ir do have identical conjugations in the preterite!
To review some of the rules for using the preterite: The preterite is used for actions that can be viewed as single events. The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times. The preterite is used for actions that occurred during a specific period of time. The preterite is used for actions that were part of a chain of events. The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.
… and in the Imperfect Tense!Remember, the imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. The imperfect tells when -- in general, an action occurred.
Good news! There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect.You must simply memorize them.
Ser (to be) Ir (to go) Ver (to look at or to see)era iba veíaeras ibas veíasera iba veíaéramos íbamos veíamoserais ibais veíaiseran iban veían
To review some of the rules for using the imperfect: The imperfect is used for actions that were repeated habitually. The imperfect is used for actions that "set the stage" for another action. The imperfect is used for telling time and stating one's age.
Do Exercise D at the end of this packet.
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Can there possibly be more on the preterite and imperfect?
Don’t forget and please remember, Spanish has two past tenses: preterite and imperfect. Most verbs can be put into either tense, depending upon the meaning. The preterite tells us specifically when an action took place. The imperfect tells us in general when an action took place.
Some words and phrases indicate specific time frames, and therefore signal the use of the preterite.
ayer............................................................yesterdayanteayer.............................the day before yesterdayanoche........................................................last nightdesde el primer momento......from the first momentdurante dos siglos..........................for two centuriesel otro día.............................................the other dayen ese momento................................at that momententonces........................................................then, so
esta mañana..........................................this morningesta tarde.............................................this afternoonla semana pasada.......................................last weekel mes pasado...........................................last monthel año pasado...............................................last yearhace dos días, años....................two days, years agoayer por la mañana......................yesterday morningayer por la tarde........................yesterday afternoon
Other words and phrases indicate repetitive, vague or non-specific time frames, and therefore signal the use of the imperfect.
a menudo..........................................................oftena veces.....................................................sometimescada día.....................................................every daycada semana...........................................every weekcada mes...............................................every monthcada año...................................................every yearcon frecuencia..........................................frequentlyde vez en cuando..........................from time to timeen aquella época.....................................at that timefrecuentemente.........................................frequentlygeneralmente.................................................usually
muchas veces.........................................many timesmucho................................................................a lotnunca................................................................neverpor un rato................................................for awhilesiempre..........................................................alwaystantas veces........................................so many timestodas las semanas...................................every weektodos los días.............................................every daytodo el tiempo.........................................all the timevarias veces..........................................several times
Some of these are more obvious than others. The sure-fire way to learn these is to practice, practice, practice!
Do exercise E at the end of this packet.
Wow… there is so much more to learn about the preterite and imperfect… but, alas, it will have to wait for a future date…
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Some Verbs to Practice with:A Vocabulary List
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Preterite and Imperfect Exercises
Nombre:Fecha:Clase
Exercise A:Complete the following chart by filling in the correct word.
Hablar Perfect Preterite Imperfect
1st Person, Singular
2nd Person, Singular
3rd Person, Singular
1st Person, Plural
2nd Person, Plural
3rd Person, Plural
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Exercise BTranslate the following.
1. The animals were eating food.
2. We used to like the pretty girl.
3. He loved her.
4. My mother and father loved my brother.
5. Your grandfather was a handsome boy.
6. We used to visit grandmother on Sunday.
7. How many tacos did you eat?
8. She studied Spanish all day.
9. They used to walk to school with Alex.
10.Lupe likes to look at boys.
11.María amaba a sus hermanos y hermanas.
12.Me comí la carne con pan.
13.Ella me llamó por teléfono ayer.
14.Hablabamos con el sacerdote en la iglesia.
15.¿Cuentabas Ud. el dinero ayer?
16.¿Cuántos dulces que comiste?
17.El profesor preparó la comida para los estudiantes.
18.Los niños comieron en la cafetería.
19.Mis hermanos tenían amigas bonitas.
20.Se comió cinco pollos cada día. Y así, él es muy groso.
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Exercise C:
Vivir Perfect Preterite Imperfect
1st Person, Singular
2nd Person, Singular
3rd Person, Singular
1st Person, Plural
2nd Person, Plural
3rd Person, Plural
Translate each of the following:
1. You lived.........................................................................................................................
2. She was living..................................................................................................................
3. We are living...................................................................................................................
4. They live..........................................................................................................................
5. You-all were living..........................................................................................................
6. I lived...............................................................................................................................
7. She lives...........................................................................................................................
8. The child was living........................................................................................................
9. Mother used to live..........................................................................................................
10.My friend lives................................................................................................................
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Comer Perfect Preterite Imperfect
1st Person, Singular
2nd Person, Singular
3rd Person, Singular
1st Person, Plural
2nd Person, Plural
3rd Person, Plural
Translate:
1. He eats.................................................................................................................................
2. You-all ate...........................................................................................................................
3. We were eating....................................................................................................................
4. They eat tacos......................................................................................................................
5. I was eating ham..................................................................................................................
6. I used to eat.........................................................................................................................
7. My friend was eating the tostada.........................................................................................
8. We eat..................................................................................................................................
9. They used to eat...................................................................................................................
10.You were eating..................................................................................................................
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Hablar Perfect Preterite Imperfect
1st Person, Singular
2nd Person, Singular
3rd Person, Singular
1st Person, Plural
2nd Person, Plural
3rd Person, Plural Translate:
1. I talk.....................................................................................................................................
2. We are talking.....................................................................................................................
3. She used to talk...................................................................................................................
4. You-all talked......................................................................................................................
5. They were talking................................................................................................................
6. I am talking to my friend.....................................................................................................
7. You were talking to me.......................................................................................................
8. We used to talk to the teacher.............................................................................................
9. He talked to his mother.......................................................................................................
10.God talked to me.................................................................................................................
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Exercise D:
Translate the following:
1. I was eating.
2. You went home.
3. They were in Mexico.
4. You gave your mother a flower.
5. We made tacos.
6. He saw me.
7. He was looking at her.
8. They were making ham.
9. He was living in Springfield.
10.She saw the black cat.
11.I gave my cat to her.
12.I am going to go to church.
Exercise E:Translate:
1. ayer.....................................................
2. anteayer..............................................
3. anoche.................................................
4. desde el primer momento...................
5. durante dos siglos...............................
6. el otro día............................................
7. en ese momento..................................
8. entonces..............................................
9. esta mañana........................................
10.esta tarde.............................................
11.la semana pasada................................
12.el mes pasado.....................................
13.el año pasado......................................
14.hace dos días, años.............................
15.ayer por la mañana.............................
16.ayer por la tarde..................................
17. menudo..............................................
18.a veces................................................
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19.cada día...............................................
20.cada semana........................................
21.cada mes.............................................
22.cada año..............................................
23.con frecuencia.....................................
24.de vez en cuando................................
25.en aquella época.................................
26.frecuentemente...................................
27.generalmente......................................
28.muchas veces......................................
29.mucho.................................................
30.nunca..................................................
31.por un rato..........................................
32.siempre...............................................
33.tantas veces.........................................
34.todas las semanas...............................
35.todos los días......................................
36.todo el tiempo.....................................
37.varias veces........................................
38.I went to school yesterday.
39.We ate ham last night.
40.We went to church last week.
41.I was born fifty-five years ago.
42.Then the lion slept in the house.
43.You never run home.
44.I always laugh at the students.
45.I usually pray the “Hail Mary.”
46.Jesus has always loved me.
47.Jesus died for me.
48.Jesus forgave my sins.
49.God is love.