Lab.13 Sporozoa

Family : plasmodiidaeGenus : Plasmodium ( causing the malaria )

P.malariae , P.vivax , P.falciparum , P.ovale ( in human )

P.gallinaceum , P.relictum ( in birds )

Definitive Hosts: Rodents, Rabbits, Birds, and human

Final host : Mosquites ( Anopheles , Culex )

Infective Site: Blood ( RBCs ) , Liver

Infective Stage: sporozoite ( Sporozoites are motile and they move by gliding,

centrally located nucleus )

*Ring form : the cytoplasmic ring in the RBCs . The parasite may be first visible as

a crescent – shaped mass at the outer edge of the red blood cell .

*Developing trophozoites : the parasite takes on more of an irregularly shaped

ameboid appearance .

*Schizont : characterized by the presence of multiple chromatin bodies , The

merozoites (non-motile) surrounded by cytoplasmic material occupy the majority of

the RBCs.

*Gametocytes : A male gametocyte growing to give many flagellated ( micro -

gametocytes ) , whereas the female gametocyte differentiates to macrogametocytes .

*Diagnosis : - clinical signs are associated with anemia and fever .

-Thick and thin blood smears staind with giemsa stain and Serology diagnosis .

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Family : Theileriidae

Genus : TheileriaT. parva : The cause of bovine Theileriosis and East coast fever.

T. annulata : Also the cause of bovine and T. equi Causing Equine prioplasmosis

Definitive Hosts: Cattle, Sheep/Goats.

Final host : Ticks

Infective Stage: sporozoite.

Infective Site: Blood (lymphocytes "WBCs", and erythrocytes "RBCs ")

* There are two pictures for schizont (Kochs blue bodies) macroschizonts and

microschizonts that produce the micromerozoites in the red blood cell.

Diagnosis :

1 -Clinical Signs (Diarrhea, loses weight rapidly, anemia and fever .

2 -Blood smears with Giemsa stain and In Ramonowsky-stained smears, schizonts

appear as bluish bodies, approximately 8-12 microns in diameter with multiple

reddish nuclei .Intraerythrocytic piroplasms are similar to small babesial parasites.

They are approximately 0.5-2.5 microns and pleomorphic, but most often appear rod-

shaped, round or oval .

3 -Serological test (PCR and ELISA).

Schizont in RBC Merozoite

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Family : Babesiidae

Genus : BabesiaBabesia is pear , roundish and irregular shape in RBCs, have two form ( large and

small ) that causes a hemolytic disease known as Babesiosis & Texas cattle fever .

can be transmitted from human to human either through the tick vector or through

blood transfusions .

Definitive Hosts: Cattle, Sheep/Goats , Horse and dog.

Babesia microti infected the human , life cycle involves two hosts ( tick and mouse )

Final host : Hard Ticks ( Ixodidae )

Infective Stage: sporozoite.

Infective Site: Blood .

Diagnosis : 1 -clinical symptoms: such as high fever, anemia, and hemoglobinuria, in the

infected hosts.

2 - Thick and Thin blood sample testing : the cell contain vacuoles, and the lack of

pigment production. Trophozoites morph into merozoites that appear in a tetrad

formation( Maltese-cross form) .

3 -Serodiagnosis indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test .

Babesia canis

Trophozoites

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