wbcs related diseases
TRANSCRIPT
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White blood cells, or leukocytes are cells of theimmune system involved in defending the body againstboth infectious disease and foreign materials. Fivedifferent and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they
are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell inthe bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cell.
The number of leukocytes in the blood is often anindicator of disease.
There are normally between 4109
and 1.11010
whiteblood cells in a litre of blood
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system -
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WBC
Disorders
Leukocytosis Leukopenia
Classification Of WBCs
Disorders
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Definition:
Leukocytosis is a condition characterized by an elevated
number of white cells in the blood
Neutrophillic
Lymphocytosis
Monocytosis
Eosinophilla
Basophillia
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Definition:
An abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells to
fewer than 5000 cells per cubic millimeter. The condition may
be caused by an adverse drug reaction, radiation poisoning,or pathologic conditions. One or all kinds of white blood cells
may be affected. The two most common forms of leukopenia
are .
Neutropenia
Lymphopenia
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Leukemia:
Definition: A progressive, malignant disease of the
blood-forming organs, marked by distorted
proliferation and development of leukocytes and their
precursors in the blood and bone marrow.
Acute ( Myeloid / Lymphoid )
Chronic ( Myeloid / Lymphoid )
Myeloma
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DEFINITION:A cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell
normally responsible for the production ofantibodies. Collections of abnormal cells
accumulate in bones, where they cause bonelesions (abnormal areas of tissue), and in the bonemarrow where they interfere with the production of
normal blood cells.
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RISK
FACTORS:
Age
Race
Gender
Family
history
MGUS
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Monoclonal Gammopathy of UndeterminedSignificances, is a benign condition in whichabnormal plasma cells make M proteins. Usually,there are no symptoms, and the abnormal level ofM protein.
M protein is a Virulence of bacteriumStreptococcus pyogenes. It is an abnormal protein
in blood or urine, often seen in MGUS.
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CAUSES:
Although the exactcause isn't known,
doctors do know thatmultiple myeloma
begins with one
abnormal plasma cellin your bone marrow,
the soft, blood-producing tissue that
fills in the center ofmost of your bones.This abnormal cell
then starts to multiply.
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The genetic abnormalities associated withmultiple myeloma include:
A defect related to chromosome 14 in whicha piece of one chromosome moves to adifferent chromosome (translocation)
Extra copies of certain chromosomes(hyperdiploidy)
An abnormality in which part or all ofchromosome 13 is missing
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Bone pain usually in back and ribs
Broken bones
Feeling weak and tired
Feeling thirsty Frequent urination
Frequent infections and fever
Weight loss
Abnormal bruising and bleeding.
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Doctors sometimes find multiple myeloma after
a routine blood test. More often, doctors
suspect multiple myeloma after an x-ray for a
broken bone. Usually though, patients go to thedoctor because they are having other
symptoms.
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Blood tests:
Multiple myeloma causes high levels of proteins in the
blood. The lab checks the levels of many different
proteins, including M protein and other immunoglobulins
(antibodies), albumin, and beta-2-microglobulin.
Myeloma may also cause anemia and low levels of white
blood cells and platelets. The lab does a complete blood
count to check the number of white blood cells, red blood
cells, and platelets.
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The lab also checks for high levels of calcium.
To see how well the kidneys are working, the lab tests
for creatinine.
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The lab checks for Bence Jones protein inurine.The lab measures the amount of Bence
Jones protein in urine collected over a 24-hour
period.
X- RAYS:X-rays to check for broken or thinning bones. An
x-ray of your whole body can be done to seehow many bones could be damaged by the
myeloma.
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A biopsy is the only sure way to know whethermyeloma cells are in bone marrow.
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International Staging System Stage I: 2-microglobulin (2M)
= 3.5 g/dL
Stage II: 2M < 3.5 mg/L and albumin = 5.5 mg/L
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2-microglobulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2-microglobulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2-microglobulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_albuminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_albuminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2-microglobulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2-microglobulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2-microglobulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2-microglobulin -
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Durie-Salmon staging systemstage I: all of
Hb > 10g/dL
normal calcium Skeletal survey: normal or single plasmacytoma
or osteoporosis
Serum paraprotein level < 5 g/dL if IgG, < 3 g/dL
if IgA Urinary light chain excretion < 4 g/24h
Stage II: fulfilling the criteria of neither I nor III
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stage III: one or more of Hb < 8.5g/dL
high calcium > 12 mg/dL
Skeletal survey: Three or more lytic bonelesions
Serum paraprotein > 7g/dL if IgG, > 5 g/dL ifIgA
Urinary light chain excretion > 12g/24h
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Stages I, II, and III of the Durie-Salmonstaging system can be divided into A or Bdepending on serum creatinine:
A: serum creatinine < 2 mg/dL (< 177 umol/L)
B: serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL (> 177 umol/L)
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People with multiple myeloma have manytreatment options. The options are watchfulwaiting,radiation therapy, induction therapy,and stem cell transplant.
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People with smoldering myeloma or Stage Imyeloma.
Regular checkups (such as every 3 months)
Receive treatment if symptoms occur.
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In radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy),high-energy rays are used todamage cancer cells and stop them fromgrowing and dividing.
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1) Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy kills fast-growing myeloma cells, but the drug can alsoharm normal cells that divide rapidly.
2) Immunotherapy:This treatment stimulates theimmune system to fight multiple myeloma. The
two main drugs used are Thalomid(thalidomide)and Revlimid(lenalidomide). They help keepmultiple myeloma cells from reproducing withinbone marrow.
3) Steroids: Some steroids have antitumor effects.It is thought that steroids can trigger the deathof myeloma cells. A steroid may be used aloneor with other drugs to treat myeloma.
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Blood cells Hair loss Poor appetite Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Constipation Mouth and lip sores Dizziness
Drowsiness Tingling in hands or feet Low blood pressure
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1. Autologous stem cell transplant2. From a family member or other donor3. From your identical twin
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Thank you for your timeAny Questions
?