Project in Science2nd Grading

“Ways of Separating Mixtures

Substances”

Aubrey Joyce B. CoronicoIV - Love

Separation of Mixtures

Identify the different ways of separating mixtures.

Determine how the different ways are used to separate mixtures.

Identify the ways in which Hand Picking, Threshing, Winnowing, Sieving, Magnetic Attraction, Sublimation, Evaporation, Crystallization, Sedimentation & Decantation, Loading, Filtration, Distillation, Centrifugation, and Paper Chromatography can be used in daily life.

A Mixture….

o consists of two or more different substances that are mixed but not chemically combined.

o they do not have well defined specific properties.

o can be separated into its components by physical means.

2 Types of Mixtures

Rock-mixture of

different kinds of

rocks

Sandwich- mixture

of bread, meat, tomato

Examples of Mixtures

Soda- mixture of

sugar and water

distributed and can be distinguished from each other.

o Examples: • Concrete• Beach sand is heterogeneous

since you can see different colored particles

• Vinegar and oil salad dressing is heterogeneous since two liquid layers are present, as well as solids.

The prefixes: “hetero” indicate difference.

A heterogeneous mixture is that which does not have the same composition throughout, that is, its components are not uniformly

The prefixes: “homo” indicate sameness.

A homogeneous mixture is that which has the same composition throughout, that is, its components are uniformly distributed and

cannot be distinguished from each other.

o Examples: • Corn oil • White vinegar • A sugar solution• A salt solution

What are the different ways of separating mixtures?

Hand Picking Threshing Winnowing Sieving Magnetic Attraction Sublimation Evaporation Crystallization Sedimentation & Decantation Loading Filtration Distillation Centrifugation Paper Chromatography

Hand Picking

The components of a solid-solid mixture can be separated by hand picking.This is only useful when the particles are large enough to be seen clearly.For example separating pebbles from rice or dal, separating grass from mint leaves, and separating parts of a salad.

Threshing

Threshing is the method that generally used by the farmers to separate the grains from the stalks after harvesting. The dried stalks are beaten or threshed to separate the grains. However, in large farms threshing is done by using threshing machines.

In Winnowing the mixture is allowed to fall from a height. The lighten components get separated from the heavier ones because of wind or air blow. This method is used to separate lighter husk from heavier Grains like wheat.

Winnowing Sieving is used to separate a dry mixture which contains substances of different sizes by passing it through a sieve.

A sieve is a device containing tiny holes and separates wanted elements from unwanted material.

Magnetism is a process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force.

Magnetic Attraction or Magnetism

Sifting or Sieving

Sublimation

The process in which a solid changes directly into gaseous state on heating is called sublimation.

Evaporation is a process in which a liquid changes into gaseous form on heating.

Evaporation

Crystallization is a process which separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a saturated solution.

Crystallization

Sedimentation and Decantation

Sedimentation is the process by which the insoluble, heavy solid particles settle down their own in a solution. In order to separate the two, the liquid has to beAllowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving

the soluble solid behind.

o Example

Iodine and ammonium chloride

On heating, they do not melt. Iodine changes into a beautiful violet vapor while ammonium chloride changes into a white vapor. They change back into solid crystal on cooling.

Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass.

gently poured into another container without disturbing the sediments.

This process of obtaining clear liquid by pouring a solution from a container in order to leave the sediments in the bottom of the original container. is called decantation.

Loading

Loading is a process which speeds up the sedimentation. In fact, loading is a faster process as compared to sedimentation.

Filtration

o Example:

Using a coffee filter to separate the coffee flavor from the coffee beans.

“It is the process whereby distilled water is produced and accessible in the market”

“Rain water is a product of distillation”

“Some medicine that has fish oil ingredients passes through double distillation”.

The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.

Salt remains after all water is boiled off.

Distillate

Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil are produced from petroleum by distillation.

Distillation the process by which a mixture is separated by heating a solution and condensing using a cooling tube.

The liquid collected is the distillate.

Distillation

Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture

Centrifugation

• Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials go to bottom (outside)

• Separate blood into serum and plasma

- Plasma = less dense

- Erythrocytes = red blood cells

• Check for anemia (lack of iron)

No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.

Saltwater solution

(homogeneous mixture)

Pure water

Paper Chromatography

Paper Chromatography used to separate out one color from a mixture of colors.

o Examples:

Using chromatography paper to separate ink into it’s original components

Separation by Chromatography

Review Questions

Exercise 1Consists of two or more different substances that are mixed but not chemically combined.

a. mixture c. Substanceb. compound d. solution

Exercise 2A ____________________ is that which does not have the same composition throughout, that is, its components are not uniformly distributed and can be distinguished from each other.

a. Mixture c. heterogeneous mixtureb. Compound d. homogeneous mixture

Exercise 3A ____________________ is that which has the same composition throughout, that is, its components are uniformly distributed and cannot be distinguished from each other.

a. Mixture c. heterogeneous mixtureb. Compound d. homogeneous mixture

Exercise 4The components of a solid-solid mixture can be separated by

a. threshing c. winnowingb. hand picking d. sieving

Exercise 5This is a process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force.

a. sieving c. paper chromatographyb. filtration d. magnetic attraction

Exercise 6 (answer each question)1. Why is a chocolate chip cookie considered a mixture?

2. What are the two types of mixtures?

3. What are the different ways of separating mixtures.

4. Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil are produced from petroleum by _______________ .

Answer Key

Exercise 1 a. mixture

Exercise 2 c heterogeneous mixture

Exercise 3 d. homogeneous mixture

Exercise 4 b. hand picking

Exercise 5 d. magnetic attraction

Exercise 6 (answer for each question)1. Chocolate chip cookie o They are mixtures because they are

made up of 2 different substances mixed together (cookie and chocolate chips).

o The individual parts keep their original properties.

o The parts can be separated easily by physical means.

2. Two Types of Mixtureso heterogeneous mixtureo homogeneous mixture

3. Different Ways of Separating Mixtureso Hand Pickingo Threshingo Winnowingo Sievingo Magnetic Attractiono Sublimationo Evaporationo Crystallizationo Sedimentation & Decantationo Loadingo Filtrationo Distillationo Centrifugationo Paper Chromatography

4. distillation