water the universal solvent sol bio 3 a objective: tsw understand the chemical and biochemical...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water
The Universal Solvent
SOL BIO 3 a
![Page 2: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SOL BIO 3a
OBJECTIVE:
TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life.
Key concepts include-
• water chemistry and its impact on life processes.
![Page 3: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Review
• Elements are made up of atoms
•Compounds are made up of molecules.
![Page 4: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• A molecule is so small that there are billions of molecules in a single drop of water. About 60 million water molecules could be stretched side by side across a penny.
![Page 5: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Water is the ONLY compound that commonly exists in all 3 phases (solid, liquid, gas) on Earth.
There would be no life on Earth without water.
![Page 6: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• About 2/3 of the mass of a cell is made up of water, and most of the biochemical processes of life occur in water solutions.
![Page 7: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SOLVENT- the substance that does the dissolving. (liquid)
SOLUTE- the substance that is dissolved. (solid)
A large number of substances will dissolve in water.
Water is the universal solvent.
![Page 8: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
•Therefore, the water inside and outside of cells is able to carry nutrients into and around cells and wastes away from cells.
![Page 9: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Water is a POLAR molecule
Polarity - the attraction of positive and negative electrical charges
OPPOSITES ATTRACT
![Page 10: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Adhesion: the tendency of two DIFFERENT substances to stick together, like water molecules stick to glass.
![Page 11: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cohesion: the tendency of two SIMILAR substances to stick together.
![Page 12: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Capillary Action: the tendency of a liquid substance to move along the surface of a solid substance due to adhesion (as in water climbing a glass tube or inside a tree), even in spite of gravitational or other forces acting in the opposite direction
![Page 13: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transpiration
![Page 14: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Hydrolysis- a chemical reaction where water is involved.
• Hydrophilic- “water loving” can be dissolved in water, polar substances.
• Hydrophobic- “water hating” cannot be dissolved in water, non-polar substances, Ex. fat, oil, soap
Like Dissolves Like
![Page 15: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• One side of a water molecule is slightly negative (-) and the other side is slightly positive (+).
Positive hydrogen atom
Negative oxygen atom
H H
O
![Page 16: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Individual water molecules attract each other like magnets.
• In this way, water molecules
“stick together”.
+-
![Page 18: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Water is able to absorb a large amount of heat energy before it changes temperature.
Resistance to Temperature Change
![Page 19: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Water is a liquid from 0 ºC to 100 ºC
![Page 20: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Water absorbs heat when it evaporates, allowing organisms to
release excess heat.
![Page 21: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
- As a result, lakes and oceans stabilize air and land temperatures.
• Large bodies of water can affect the climate.
![Page 22: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
High Surface Tension• Certain insects can walk on water because of its high surface tension.
•Polarity gives water its high surface tension.
•Ex. Water strider
![Page 23: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Solid expansionFor most substances, solids are more
dense than liquids. But the special properties of water make it less dense
as a solid - ice floats on water!
![Page 24: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
When water freezes, the water molecules line up, and as they do, they
move farther apart !
![Page 25: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
• The pH of pure water is 7.
![Page 26: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Substances added to water can lower or raise the pH.
• A solution with a pH above 7 is basic.
• A solution with a pH below 7 is acidic.
![Page 27: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Organisms can tolerate only small changes in pH because every cell has a particular pH at which it functions best.
• For example, changes in pH cause changes in the shapes of enzymes, resulting in a change in their activity.
![Page 28: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Public Health
• In the past, streams and rivers were often used to dispose of human waste.
• These were called open sewers.
![Page 30: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• This led to disease and contamination of drinking water.
•Advances in water treatment and sanitary sewers have helped to eliminate diseases from human waste.
![Page 31: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Humans can live without food for more than two months, but cannot live for more than a week without water.
No =
![Page 32: Water The Universal Solvent SOL BIO 3 a OBJECTIVE: TSW understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include- water](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0eeba/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Clean, fresh water is essential for life.
• We must protect our water sources from pollution!!!!