Water PollutionEnvironmental Science

Reminders

Water Assignment - Due Monday

2nd News Article/Review Game - Weds. 10/16

2nd Exam - Fri. 10/18

Sources of WaterSaltwater (97.6%)

Freshwater (2.4%)

Ice caps and glaciers (2.1%)

Available (0.3%)

surface water (lakes, ponds, streams, rivers)ground watersoil wateratmosphere

Uses

Agricultural (70%) - Irrigation, Livestock

Industrial (25%) - Power Plants, Mining, Manufacturing (ingredient, cooling, cleaning), Fracking, Shiping

Domestic (6%) - Flushing, Cleaning, Drinking, Hygiene

Water Pollution

Any change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.

Code Blue• On lab benches are labeled canisters and extraction cards.

• Listen to story of ocean.

• When name on your canister/card is called

• If canister, empty contents into bowl• If card, remove resource with forceps

• Answer questions

Code Blue What were the pollutants?

• chemical fertilizers• mercury• oil• abandoned nets• antibiotics• litter• sewage• debris

Code Blue What changes occurred to ocean?

• color change - green, dirty, oily• debris• algae blooms• loss of coral, fish, whales, birds,

mangroves

Great Pacific Garbage Patch

http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/?ar_a=1

Code BluePollutants?• chem. fertilizers• mercury• oil• abandoned nets• antibiotics• litter• sewage• debris

Sources?• Farming • Coal Burning• Oil wells• Fishing• Aquaculture• Ships, Land• Homes• Natural Disasters

P vs NP?NP

NPPP

NPP, NP

PNP

Code Blue What other problems occurred in addition to pollution?

• algal blooms• over-harvesting - fish, whales• extinction of species• sea level rise

Table 10. 1 Water Pollutants

TextbookGood summary of water pollutants, their causes and effects

SewageWastewater from drains and sewers.

Contains human waste, soap, detergents

Needs O2 to be decomposed (less O2 for living organisms)

Desirable sport fish such as salmon and trout cannot live in low oxygen.

Organisms that can withstand low oxygen - carp, leeches, midges

Definition: organisms that cause disease, often bacteria, protozoa or worms

Main Source: human, animal sewage

Disease -Causing Agents

Cholera

Caused by bacteria

Main symptom is diarrhea

untreated - 50% mortality

Typhoid

caused by bacteria

main symptom is fever

Blood Flukeadult lives in human intestines

eggs released into water via feces

larva bores into snail

adult bursts out of snail

bores thru skin to enter body

Guinea Worm

adult female lives under skin

she forms sore to release eggs

larva live inside small aquatic organisms called copepods

humans get infested by drinking water with the copepods

Male and female mate inside human gut.

Giardiacaused by protozoan (single-celled animal-like organism)

causes diarrhea/cramps

forms resistant cysts that can survive water treatment

Cryptosporidium

caused by protozoan (single-celled animal-like organism)

causes diarrhea and flu-like symptoms

also forms resistant cysts that can bypass water treatment

Plant Nutrientssewage and fertilizer run-off

causes algae blooms

dead algae is detritus

as decomposers eat detritus, depletes oxygen

Dead Zone-Gulf of Mexico5000-7000 square miles of low oxygen due to farm run-off from Mississippi watershed.

http://essea.strategies.org/module.php?module_id=92

Pfeisteria - The Cell from Hell

Algae that is experiencing exponential growth along Atlantic coast due to farm and hog farm run-off.

Plant-like part of life cycle photosynthesizes but animal-like part of life cycle feeds on fish.

Sediments

Sediments are caused by soil run-off

Sediments can smother organisms

Sediments reduces light penetration and thus photosynthesis

Thermal Pollution

Any change in water temperature

Removing trees increases temperature.

Many industrial discharges release hot water.

Dams can change water temperature

Warmer water has less O2, fewer desirable fish survive.

Oil Pollution

oil well leaks, explosions

spills from tankers, pipelines

leaking boat motors

run-off from parking lots

Cuyahoga River Fire

Cuyahoga River is in NE Ohio

On June 22, 1969, it caught fire due to the oil and gasoline pollution.

Photo made national news.

Wasn’t the first time.

Helped raise awareness of water pollution.