water lavel controller report

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A Major Project Report Submitted

in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

of

Master of Science in Electronics

By

RUCHIRA PRIYADARSINI

Roll no: 11MSCEL09

2013

Under the Guidance of

Dr. K.C. Patra

SAMBALPUR UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

JYOTI VIHAR, BURLA

SAMBALPUR, ODISHA, PIN-768019

1


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled WATER LEVEL

CONTROLLER being submitted by Ruchira Priyadarsini, Reg. No. 24276/08 of

Sambalpur University Institute of Information Technology, Jyoti Vihar, Burla is a

work of collection carried out by her under my guidance and supervision for the

session 2011-2013.

In my opinion the project report has fulfilled the requirement according to

the regulation and standard necessary for submission.

Dr.K.C.Patra

(Signature & Date with official seal)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep and sincere thanks to my guide Dr.K.C.Patra. He helped

me in selecting this project and also guided me throughout the project. He also

helped me by taking a lot of pain and sacrificing his personal valuable time in

completion of this practical project as well as the project report.

My heartfelt thanks to Prof.S.S.Pujari, Director of Sambalpur

University Institute of Information Technology for his encouragement and overall

supervision in bringing out this project report.

Last but not least, I am heartiest thanks to our co-coordinator

Mr.prabir Sethi my friends, Mtech seniors Santanu Dash, Yougajyoty Sahoo,

Rasmita Badhei, Pragya Paramita Muduli, Sofiya Nayak, Amruta Panda who

helped me a lot during the project work.

Above all I owe to my beloved parents whose bless and supports arealways with me.

Ruchira Priyadarsini

M.Sc. Electronics (4th semester)Sambalpur University Institute ofInformation Technology

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ABSTRACT

The project is involving the development of the indicator for controlling the

water level by sensing in the overhead tanks. Water level management approach

would help in reducing the home power consumption as well as water overflow.

The microcontroller-based water level controller-cum-motor protector is capable

to solve this problem. It controls on and off conditions of the motor depending

upon the level of water in the tank. The status is displayed on an LCD module.

The circuit also protects the motor from high voltages, low voltages, fluctuations

of mains power and dry running. In this project microcontroller based water level

indicator is developed and simulated in proteous environment as well as real-time

hardware environment.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

1.2 Water Level Indicator

1.3 Water Level Sensor

1.4 Water Pump Controlling System

CHAPTER-2 TOP LEVEL DESIGN

2.1 Functional block diagram

2.2 System Explanation

2.3Pictorial diagram

CHAPTER-3: HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Detail Description of microcontroller (AT89S51)

3.2 Microcontroller development board

3.3 Description of LCD

3.4 Detail Description of RELAY

3.5 detail description of TRANSISTOR

CHAPTER-4: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Flow chart

4.2 Software code

CHAPTER-5: ANALYSIS AND RESULT

5.1 Proteus based schematic diagram

5.2 Observation table5.3 Simulation and working

CHAPTER-6: CONCLUSION

6.1 ADVANTAGE

6.2 APPLICATION

6.3 FUTURE SCOPE

6.4 CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

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APPENDIX

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1OVER VIEW OF THE PROJECT

Water level control Project aims to show, initially when the tank is empty, motor will

be ON automatically & LCD will show the message TANK EMPTY. As the tank starts

filling up wire at different levels get some positive voltage, due to conducting nature of water.This voltage is then fed to their corresponding pins on controller. When tank gets full, motor

will be automatically OFF& LCD shows the message TANK FULL.

In most houses, water is first stored in an underground tank (UGT) and from there it is

pumped up to the overhead tank (OHT) located on the roof. People generally switch on the

pump when their taps go dry and switch off the pump when the overhead tank starts

overflowing. This results in the unnecessary wastage and sometimes non-availability of water

in the case of emergency.

1.2 Water Level Indicator

For water level indication unit we can use some LED light which will work for water

level indication. By touching different water levels through water level sensor, LED should be

indicated as on/off (i.e. on: yes sensor senses water).

1.3 Water Level Sensor

To make special water level sensor we would like to introduce some convenient

materials such as Iron rod, nozzles, resistance, rubber etc. A connecting rod made by iron and

steel which should be connected with ground and we need at least four nozzles which should be

connected with +5v via a 1k resistance. We need to bind them together and put a rubber attheir joint point which will act as an insulator for every nozzle. When the sensor touches water,

nozzles and connecting rod get electric connection using water conductivity.

1.4 Water Pump Controlling System

We can control the water pump by connecting it with an output pin of microcontroller

via a motor driver circuit. When microcontroller sends a positive signal (+5v) or a ground

signal (0v) to the motor driver circuit, then the water pump become on or off respectively. We

also would like to use a manual switch on the motor driver circuit which is supposed to use for

controlling it manually. It makes this system more users friendly.

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CHAPTER-2

TOP LEVEL DESIGN

2.1 Functional block diagram

2.2 System Explanation

Here in this project show that how to use sensor to control the working of pump. Working ofthe pump is controlled by the water level of the source tank, and when it is fully filled thenpumps get automatically off. But even when there is no water in the source tank, pump will

remain switched off. So working of the pump totally depends upon both, the source as well as

main tank.

The water level of the overhead tank should be monitored using sensors and when water level

drops below a threshold level the water pump should be turned on. When the level of water is

above a predefined level the pump should be turned off.

When the pump is turned on the water level in the ground tank should be monitored. If that

level drops a below a defined value the pump should be turned off.

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POWERSUPPLY

AT89S51MICRO-

CONTROLLER

LC

RELAYDRIVER

WATERPUMP


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A user should be able to disable the whole automatic system and switch on or off the pump

manually.

In the manual mode the water level in both tanks should be displayed so that the user can

operate the motor by observing the indications of the display.

The LCD will display the amount of voltage at which its running.

If there is any fluctuation occur the motor will stop running only the LCD will display the

voltage after returning to its specific voltage level the motor will again starts.

The first SENSOR will indicate the lower threshold of the overhead tank. It will display in the

LCD when water level is below the lower threshold.

The second SENSOR will indicate the higher threshold of the overhead tank. It will display in

the LCD when water level is above the higher threshold.

The third SENSOR will indicate the water level of the ground tank. It will display in the LCD

when water is below the lower threshold.

Beeps upon any error conditions due to dry run or low voltage.

One more feature about this device is that one can set the operating voltage for the motor.This

feature allows this device to work under optimum voltage range and thus protecting the motor

from power surges or voltage fluctuations.

2.3 Pictorial diagram

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CHAPTER-3

HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

HARDWARE PARTS:

SEMICONDUCTORS

IC2 AT89S51 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER

IC4 16*2 CHARACTER LCD DISPLAY

TRANSISTER

SL100

BC547

RESISTERS

R1 & R2 1 KILO OHMSR3 &R4 1 KILO OHMS

PRESET

8051 MICROCONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT BOARD

3.1 Detail Description of microcontroller (AT89S51)

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Features

Compatible with MCS-51 Products

4K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

Three-level Program Memory Lock

128 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Two 16-bit Timer/Counters

Six Interrupt Sources

Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode

Watchdog Timer

Dual Data Pointer

Power-off Flag

Fast Programming Time

Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)

Green (Pb/Halide-free) Packaging Option

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AT89S


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3.2Microcontroller development board

PIN DESCRIPTION

1. VCC: Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. The voltage source is +5v.

2. GND: Pin 20 is ground.

3. XTAL1 and XTAL2: Pin 18 and 19. Feeds external clock to the on-chip oscillator of 8051.

4. RST: Pin 9 is RESET pin.

5. EA: Pin 31. External access.

6. PSEN: Pin 29. Program store enable.

7. ALE: Pin 30. Address latch enable.

8. P0: Port pins 0 (32-39).

9. P1: Port pins 1 (1-8).

10. P2: Port pins 2 (21-28).

11. RXD, TXD: P3.0 (10), P3.1 (11). Serial ports.

12. INT0, INT1: P3.2 (12), P3.3 (13). Interrupts.

13. T0, T1: P3.4 (14), P3.5 (15). Timers.

14. WR, RD: P3.6 (16), P3.7 (17). Write a Read pins.

3.3 DESCRIPTION OF LCD

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Frequently, an 8051 program must interact with the outside world using input and

output devices that communicate directly with a human being. One of the most common

devices attached to an 8051 is an LCD display. Some of the most common LCDs

connected to the 8051 are 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16 characters per line by

2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.

Fortunately, a very popular standard exists which allows us to communicate with the

vast majority of LCDs regardless of their manufacturer. The standard is referred to as

HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external

source (in this case, the 8051) and communicates directly with the LCD.

The user may select whether the LCD is to operate with a 4-bit data bus or an 8-bit data

bus. If a 4-bit data bus is used the LCD will require a total of 7 data lines (3 control

lines plus the 4 lines for the data bus). If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require a

total of 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus).

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line & there are two such lines

.This LCD has two registers, namely command and data.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. Command isan instruction given to LCD to do pre defined task.

The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD.The data is the ASCII value

of the character to be displayed on the LCD.

The user may select whether the LCD is to operate with a 4-bit data bus or an 8-bit data

bus. If a 4-bit data bus is used the LCD will require a total of 7 data lines (3 control

lines plus the 4 lines for the data bus). If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require a

total of 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus).

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line & there are two such lines

.This LCD has two registers, namely command and data.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. Command isan instruction given to LCD to do pre-defined task.

The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD.The data is the ASCII value

of the character to be displayed on the LCD.

Pin configuration of the LCD shown bellow

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3.4 DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch used to isolate one electrical circuit from

another.

Relay Switch Contacts

The switch contacts on a relay can be "normally open" (NO) or "normally closed"

(NC)--that is, when the coil is at rest and not energized (no current flowing through it), the

switch contacts are given the designation of being NO or NC. In an open circuit, no current

flows, such as a wall light switch in your home in a position that the light is off. In a closed

circuit, metal switch contacts touch each other to complete a circuit, and current flows, similar

to turning a light switch to the "on" position. The switch contacts remain in this state until you

remove the voltage to the coil. Relays come in different switch configurations. The switches

may have more than one "pole," or switch contact. The diagram shows a "single pole single

throw" configuration, referred to as SPST. This is similar to a wall light switch in your home.

With a single "throw" of the switch, you close the circuit.

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The Single Pole Double Throw Relay

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under control of another electrical

circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or

many sets of contacts. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power thanthe input circuit, it can be considered, in a broad sense, to be a form of electrical amplifier.

A single pole double throw (SPDT) relay configuration switches one common pole to

two other poles, flipping between them. This is a high quality relay. It has a coil rated 12V. Use

this relay to control high current motors, 240V mains appliances, etc. To ensure maximum

safety the relay is completely closed and provides complete isolation between the driving

circuit and the load.

3.5 DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF TRANSISTOR:

SL100:

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SL100 is a general purpose, medium power NPN transistor. It is mostly used as switch

in common emitter configuration. The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to

operate in the desired region of its characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing. For

switching applications, SL100 is biased in such a way that it remains fully on if there is a signal

at its base. In the absence of base signal, it gets turned off completely.

The emitter leg of SL100 is indicated by a protruding edge in the transistor case. The

base is nearest to the emitter while collector lies at other extreme of the casing.

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BC547

CHAPTER-4

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

4.1 FLOW CHAT

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BC547


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4.2 SOURCE CODE

8 bit LCD ON PORT 1 & PORT 2 routines with check busy flag before sending data, command to LCD

*****************************************************************************

LCD_DATA DATA P2 ; define LCD data port on port 2

LCD_RS BIT P2.2 ; define LCD register select pin on port 2.0

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LCD_E BIT P2.3 ; define LCD enable pin on port 2.2

SENSOR

*****************************************************************************

TANK_EMPTY BIT P1.2 ; define TANK EMPTY in port1.2

TANK_FULL BIT P1.3 ; define TANK FULL in port1.3

SUMP_EMPTY BIT P1.4 ; define SUMP EMPTY in port1.4

MOTOR BIT P0.0 ; define MOTOR in port0.0

RED_LED BIT P1.0 ; define RED LED in port1.0

SENSOR_PORT DATA P1

TANK_STATUS DATA 34H

SENSOR_STATUS DATA 35H

**************************************

************MAIN PROGRAM ****************

**************************************

ORG 0H

START: ACALL lcdreset

ACALL initialize

ACALL clrlcd

MOV DPTR, #MESSAGE

ACALL DISP_MESSAGE

*******************************************

************** MOTOR CONTROL*****************

*******************************************

MOTOR_CONTROL:

MOV A, #0 ; GATE OPEN

MOV TANK_STATUS, A

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READ_SENSOR: MOV A, SENSOR_PORT

ANL A, #1CH

RR A

RR A

MOV SENSOR_STATUS, A

CHECK_SENSOR: MOV A, SENSOR_STATUS

CJNE A, #0, NEXT1

SJMP TANK_FULL

NEXT1: CJNE A, #1, NEXT2

SJMP INVALID_CONDITION


SJMP TANK_NOTFULL


SJMP TANK_NOTFULL


SJMP SUMP_EMPTY


SJMP SUMP_EMPTY


SJMP SUMP_EMPTY


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SJMP SUMP_EMPTY

TANK_NOTFULL:

ACALL cursorto2ndline

MOV DPTR, #MESSAGE_TANKNOTFULL

ACALL DISP_MESSAGE

SJMP MOTOR_ON

TANK_FULL:


MOV DPTR, #MESSAGE_TANKFULL

ACALL DISP_MESSAGE

JMP MOTOR_OFF

SUMP_EMPTY:


MOV DPTR, #MESSAGE_SUMPEMPTY

ACALL DISP_MESSAGE

JMP MOTOR_OFF

INVALID_CONDITION:


MOV DPTR, #INVALIDCONDITION

ACALL DISP_MESSAGE

JMP MOTOR_OFF

MOTOR_ON: CLR MOTOR ; MOTOR ON

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CLR RED_LED

LJMP MOTOR_CONTROL

MOTOR_OFF: SETB MOTOR ; MOTOR OFF

SETB RED_LED

LJMP MOTOR_CONTROL

;*******************************************

;**************** SUBROUTINES **********************

;*******************************************

; RESET LCD

LCDRESET: MOV A, #33H ; 2 LINES, 5X7 MATRIX

CALL wrcmd

MOV A, #33H ; DISPLAY ON CURSOR OFF

CALL wrcmd

MOV A, #32H ; AUTOMATIC INCREMENT DISPLAY

SHIFT RIGHT.

CALL wrcmd

RET

INITIALISATION ROUTINE FOR THE LCD DISPLAY.

INITIALISE: MOV A, #28H ; 2 LINES, 5X7 MATRIX

CALL WRCMD

MOV A, #0CH ;DISPLAY ON CURSOR OFF

CALL WRCMD

MOV A, #06H ;AUTOMATIC INCREMENT -

DISPLAY SHIFT RIGHT.

CALL WRCMD

RET

WE MOVE THE PARAMETER (HELD IN R7) INTO THE ACCUMULATOR PRIOR TO WRITING IT.

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OUTPUT: MOV A, R7

CALL WRDATA

RET

CLEARS THE LCD DISPLAY

CLRLCD: MOV A, #01H ; CLEAR LCD

CALL WRCMD

RET

SETS THE CURSOR TO FIRST LINE

CURSORTO1STLINE:

MOV A, #80H ; BRING CURSOR TO

BEGINNING OFFIRST LINE

CALL WRCMD

RET

SETS THE CURSOR TO SECOND LINE

CURSORTO2NDLINE:

MOV A, #0C0H ;BRING CURSOR TO

BEGINNING OFSECOND LINE

CALL WRCMD

RET

SUB ROUTINE TO WRITE COMMAND USING 4 BIT DATA

WRCMD: CLR LCD_RS

MOV R7, A

SJMP LCDWRITEBYTE

SUBROUTINE TO WRITE A CHARACTER TO THE LCD DISPLAY USING 4 BIT DATA.

Wrdata: SETB LCD_RS

MOV R7, A

LCDWriteByte: MOV R3, 07

LCDDataPort = (LCDDataPort & 0x0F)| (LCDData & 0xF0);

MOV A, R3

ACALL LCDWriteNibble

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LCDDataPort = (LCDDataPort & 0x0F)| (LCDData


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ACALL OUTPUT

INC DPTR

SJMP LOOP_MESSAGE

EXIT_MESSAGE: RET

MESSAGE: DB "WATERTANKCONTROL", 0

MESSAGE_TANKNOTFULL: DB "TANK NOT FULL ", 0

MESSAGE_TANKFULL: DB "TANK FULL ", 0

MESSAGE_SUMPEMPTY: DB "SUMP EMPTY ", 0

INVALIDCONDITION: DB "INVALIDCONDITION ", 0

ALL_ZEROS: DB " ", 0

END

CHAPTER-5

ANALYSIS AND RESULT

5.1 PROTEUS BASED SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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5.2 Observation Table

SW1 SW2 SW3 MP1.5

P1.4 P1.3 P1.2

0 0 0 OFF TANK FULL

0 0 1 INVALIDCONDITION

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0 1 0 ON TANK NOTFULL

0 1 1 ON TANK NOTFULL

1 0 0 OFF SUMP EMPTY




5.3 SIMULATION AND WORKING

The above circuit diagram describes that there are four parts i, e control, Display, driver

and sensors. There is a microcontroller (AT89S51) which has four ports.

The working of Port 0 is connected to the driver part. Port 1 connected to the sensor

part and port 2 is connected to the display part.

The port 0 is connected to a pull up resisters of 10k. These pull up resister are used to

make the port enable as input and output port.

There is a Darlington transistor which is connected to port 0 and direct power supply of

12v.

Transistor Q1 is off transistor Q2 is on then the relay is on and motor is operates. When

the transistor is on Q1 is on transistor Q2 is off then relay is off and motor cannot

operate.

When port0.0=0 then transistor Q1 is on, transistor Q2 off then the relay driver drives

the motor.

When port0.0=1 then transistor Q1 is off transistor Q2 is on then the relay is off and

motor does not operate.

The working of port1 is, there are three pairs of switches and resistor connected to p1.2,

p1.3, and p1.4.

The working of p1.2 is to display the water level condition, depending upon the sensor

switches it will display the tank condition.

Like this the above circuit diagram will work when there is a power supply to the

microcontroller.

The three switches 1, 2 and 3 are connected to port1.4, port1.3, port1.2 respectively.

When all the switches are on then the LCD display will be TANK FULL when

switches 1 and 2are on and sw3 is off then it display INVALIDCONDITION.

When switch1 and 3 are on and 2 is off then motor is on and LCD display is TANK

NOT FULL.

When switch1 is on and sw2 and sw3 are off then also motor is on and LCD display is

TANK NOT FULL.

When sw1 is off then motor will be off and LCD display will SUMP EMPTY

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CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION

6.1 ADVANTAGES:

Easy installation

Low maintenance

Compact and elegant design

Fully automatic

Saves water, motor and energy

Increases pump life.

Avoids seepage of water from roofs & walls due to overflowing tanks.

Ideal for difficult to access overhead tanks.

Feather touch keys

I. Automatic water level controller will automatically START the pump as soon as the

water level falls below the predetermined level (usually 1/2 tank) and shall SWITCH

OFF the pump as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below

minimum level.

II. Automatic water level controller allows you to decide the water storage levels for

operations of the pump in the overhead tank and the sump.

III. Built in Indications of 4Levels in the Upper Tank and 3 Levels in the Lower Tank

IV. Flow indication (running light), voltage level indication,

V. AUTO / MANUAL operation soft switch for special operations like watering the plants

or car washing from pump.

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VI. The Automatic water level controller completely stops overflow of water from the over

head tank or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water.

VII. Low AC Voltage sensing circuit to avoid polarization of electrodes in water. These

special stainless steel plastic moulded conductive electrodes are Long life sensors, do

not require frequent cleaning or replacement.

VIII. Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

6.2 APPLICATION

1. Multi-storied apartments

2. Hospitals

3. Factories

4. Hotels and restaurants

5. Commercial centers

6.3 CONCLUSION

Water is one of the most important basic needs for all living beings. But unfortunately a

huge amount of water is being wasted by uncontrolled use.

Some other automated water level monitoring system is also offered so far but most of

the method has some shortness in practice.

We tried to overcome these problems and implemented an efficient automated water

level monitoring and controlling system.

Our intension of this research work was to establish a flexible, economical and easy

configurable system which can solve our water losing problem.

6.4 FUTURE SCOPE

This project will be further implemented on platform like AVR, ARM microcontroller

etc.

More can be done in the process of water level control and many challenges will be

carry out to increase reliability and efficiency.

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This system also develop by using GSM technology

REFERENCES

Books:

THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER&EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:-

By

Muhammad Ali Mazidi

Janice Gillispie Mazidi

Rolino D.Mckinlay

References on the Web:

www.engineersgarage.com

www.instructable.com

www.atmel.com

www.wikipedia.com

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APPENDIX

PRODUCT BROUCHER

WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

ABSTRACT

The project is involving the development of the indicator for controlling the

water level by sensing in the overhead tanks. Water level management

approach]h would help in reducing the home power consumption as well as water

overflow. The microcontroller-based water level controller-cum-motor protector

is capable to solve this problem. It controls on and off conditions of the motor

depending upon the level of water in the tank. The status is displayed on an LCD

module. The circuit also protects the motor from high voltages, low voltages,

fluctuations of mains power and dry running. In this project microcontroller basedwater level indicator is developed and simulated in proteous environment as well

as real-time hardware environment.

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DESCRIPTION

There are 5 units they are power supply microcontroller, LCD, relay

driver, water pump.The power supply is connected to the microcontroller and then LCD

will display the message WATERTANKCONTROL.

Water pump and relay will operate according to the water level

according to the tank.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

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USER MANUAL

The overall project setup that consists of a tank ,sump, water pump of 230v ,a 8051

development kit ,LCD display,AT89S51 8 bit microcontroller and a relay driver.

When the power is supplied to microcontroller the circuit is initialize.

First the sump sensor sense and the display message is SUMP EMPTY. The water is poured in to the sump, the motor start running and supplies the

water into the tank.

When tank is empty the sensor sense and display message TANK NOT FULL.

When the tank not full the middle sensor sense and display message TANK NOT

FULL.

When the tank is full the top sensor sense and the display message

TANK FULL

This is the overall project setup of water level controller.

*********************************************************

water lavel controller report

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