Warm-Up Question

You are a food scientist and it is your job to determine if there is sugar and starch in a new drink.

• How would you test to see if the product contains sugar? Starch?

•Write your answer in a sentence starting with the phrase: “If I were a food scientist in charge of testing a new drink…”

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates:Carbohydrates:Carbon, Hydrogen, OxygenCarbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

CHOCHO

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

•Small sugar moleculesSmall sugar molecules to large starch moleculeslarge starch molecules.

• Used for Energy• Some provide structure

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesMonoMonosaccharide: saccharide: oneone sugar unit sugar unit

Examples:Examples: glucose (glucose (C6H12O6) is blood sugar

deoxyribose in DNAdeoxyribose in DNA

fructose is fruit sugarfructose is fruit sugar

galactose is milk sugargalactose is milk sugarglucoseglucose

Different Forms of Glucose

DiDisaccharide: saccharide: twotwo sugar sugar unitunit

Examples: Examples: –Maltose (glucose+glucose) in Maltose (glucose+glucose) in maltmalt

–Sucrose (glucose+fructose) is Sucrose (glucose+fructose) is sugarsugar

–Lactose (glucose+galactose) Lactose (glucose+galactose) in milkin milk

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

PolyPolysaccharide: saccharide: manymany sugar unitssugar units

Examples:Examples:starch (rice, potatoes, starch (rice, potatoes, cereal)cereal)

glycogen (starch in the liver)glycogen (starch in the liver)

cellulose (lettuce, wood, cellulose (lettuce, wood, fiber)fiber)

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

cellulosecellulose

Starch

• Consists of glucose subunits

• Plant energy storage molecule

• Starch can be digested by animals.

Cellulose

• Composed of glucose subunits

• Different bond formed than starch

• Structural component in plants

• Cannot be digested by animals

Glycogen:Humans and other mammals

make a special form of carbohydrate in their liver.

Glycogen can be broken down into glucose for cellular energy.

Three Monosaccharides

C6H12O6

Dehydration Synthesis

• Sugars bond together to make disaccharides and polysaccharides.

• Water is removed.

How Disaccharides form:

Hydrolysis:Water is added to split sugars apart.