war of 1812 1812-1815. cause #1: napoleonic wars british blockade europe –“re-impress”...
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War of 18121812-1815
Cause #1: Napoleonic Wars• British Blockade Europe
– “Re-Impress” Deserters– Chesapeake Incident
• Coast of U.S. • Boat attacked by Brits • 4 Soldiers Taken • Rise of “War Hawks”
– Clay and Calhoun
Cause #1: Napoleonic Wars
• Jefferson’s “Peaceful Coercion”
– Embargo of 1807• U.S. Cuts off all trade to Eur.• Leads to Depression in U.S. (N.E)
– Non Intercourse Act of 1809• Reopens trade to Eur. (Except Br &
Fr)• Jefferson leaves office shortly after
Presidential Election of 1808
Presidential Election of 1808Dem-Rep:
James MadisonFederalist:Thomas PinckneyWinner?: James Madison
James Madison1808-1816
The War of 1812
Cause # 2: Native Americans
• William H. Harrison– Appointed by Jefferson
• In charge of Indiana
– Goals: Natives given 2 options- Assimilate or Move
– Tactics: Harrison uses threats, bribes, and trickery to gain land from N.A.
Cause # 2: Native Americans• Tecumseh
– Goal: Unite Tribes• Tecumseh Confederacy
– Tactics:• Encourages tribes to form alliance• Reject treaties• Reject assimilation
• Battle of Tippecanoe– Description:
• Harrison attacks confederacy when Tecumseh is away
– Significance:• Shows Brits are arming N.A.• Convinces U.S. need to rid Americas of Brits
(Canada)
• Why?– Use of rivers to access Gulf– Native American attacks– Spain allies with Brit.
Cause # 3: Florida
Presidential Election of 1812
Presidential Election of 1812
Dem-Rep: James MadisonFederalist: DeWitt ClintonWinner? James Madison
3 U. S. Invasions of 1812
3 U. S. Invasions of 1812
Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813
The War –1812-1815Defeats• US tries to invade Canada• Napoleon defeat allows Brits to send troops to U.S. • Washington DC torched
Successes• US defeats Native Americans and British attacks within US
• Fort McHenry - Baltimore• The US invades Florida**Star Spangled Banner written after battle at Fort McHenry
Fort McHenry
How does this picture show that the Americans lacked a regular, professional army?
The U.S. was not expected to win!
Jackson’s Florida Campaigns
Jackson’s Florida Campaigns
The End of the War• Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 1814 - Belgium - peace treaty signed by British and US
• Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 1815 - 2 weeks later, British try to invade LA - huge American victory, led by Andrew
Jackson
• The Hartford Convention - Federalists hate the war - Discuss Secession
- Daniel Webster - Ignored & criticized - Marks end of the Federalist party
Effects of the War of 1812
• Need for a strong army• Revival of American
nationalism• End of the Federalist party• Weakens Native American
resistance – new states • Paved way for American take-
over of Florida
Nationalism: strong
patriotic feeling