vpm 152 general pathology gross pathology lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/cell path gross...
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VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY – Gross Pathology Lab 1
CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS AND POST MORTEM CHANGES
Dr Enrique Aburto 421N Path / Micro
15 Jan 2016
Serous
atrophy
• Gelatinous transformation of fat within the marrow. Due to cachexia
Serous atrophy of fat
Normal fat
Bone Marrow Atrophy
Atrophy
Congenital portosystemic shunt Intrahepatic
Extrahepatic
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic atrophy
Portosystemic shunt, liver dog.
Note the small size (atrophy) of the
liver (up under the rib cage)
Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (2006), 4th ed., Mosby-Elsevier, chapter 8
Atrophy
Pancreatic atrophy
• local or systemic diseases atrophy
• causes include:
protein-calorie deficiency (atrophy also in muscles, liver).
ductal obstruction → parenchymal inflammation / fibrosis,
not uniform along the organ; islets fare better.
http://w3.vet.cornell.edu
Segmental pancreatic atrophy,
adult dog. There is a portion of
normal pancreas (n) and a
contiguous area of atrophy
(arrows).
n
Atrophy
• incidentally in cattle
• composed of calcium carbonate / calcium phosphate.
• secondary to local inflammation.
Pancreatic lithiasis and atrophy
http://w3.vet.cornell.edu
Mild pancreatic fibrosis and
atrophy secondary to
pancreatic lithiasis (formation
of calculi), bull. The
pancreatic duct has been
opened to show multiple
calculi
Atrophy
HYPOSTATIC CONGESTION.
Note gravity pulls blood to
dependent portions of the
vascular bed resulting in
pooling of blood in the most
ventral areas.
Note this would not occur if
clotting was present or the
animal was exsanguinated
(bled out).
http://vet.uga.edu/ivcvm/courses/VPAT5200/02_injury/postmortem/postmortem.htm
Postmortem artifacts
This pig has livor mortis - see the blue
discoloration most visible along the
mammary glands.
The pig died while lying on its left side
(the side up in this visual).
The pig was also lying on a metal grate
and the pressure of the metal parts in
contact with the body prevented
gravitational filling with blood in those
areas of the cutaneous tissue.
This is another example of livor mortis -
note the white areas which were in
contact with a rigid surface that
prevented gravitational filling with blood.
Many of these areas are bony
prominences (elbow, shoulder, jaw).
http://vet.uga.edu/ivcvm/courses/VPAT5200/02_injury/postmortem/postmortem.htm
Postmortem artifacts
This cow has obvious distension
due to gas formation (or bloat) and
the rigidity of the legs indicates
RIGOR MORTIS is present.
http://vet.uga.edu/ivcvm/courses/VPAT5200/02_injury/postmortem/postmortem.htm
Contraction during rigor mortis
is stronger in the left heart;
therefore, blood is expressed
from this chamber (squeezed
out).
However since the contraction is
weaker in the right ventricle,
blood remains and a clot is
normally found in the right
ventricle.
Postmortem artifacts
Euthanasia artifact due to intracardiac injection of a barbiturate in a puppy. Note the green-tan discoloration, and dry aspect of the lungs caused by the caustic effect of barbiturates.
Terminal / postmortem artifacts
Grossly:
• Splenomegaly
• Red to purple
• Oozes blood on cut surface
Passive congestion
• Barbiturate administration
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Illinois
Spleen – Terminal / postmortem artifacts
Contraction can be incomplete:
Grossly, looks very similar to
splenic infarction
Splenic contraction
• Contraction of the smooth muscle in the capsule/trabeculae
• Occurs with catecholamine release, shock, acute splenic rupture
• Gross: Small dry spleen with wrinkling of the capsule
Spleen – Terminal / postmortem artifacts