Medieval Warfare I-4 1

Karwansaray Publishers

VOL l, ISSUE 4

With:• The rise to power of the Hauteville family • The Battle of Civitate, 1053

Also:• Treating medieval battle wounds• English archers at the Battle of Morat, 1476

and much more!

www.medieval-warfare.com

Medieval Warfare 1.4 € 7,10

IN THIS ISSUE: Norman adventurers in the Mediterranean

Mercenaries and mighty warlords: The Normans in the Mediterranean

VOL l, ISSUE 4

MW nr 4 final.indd 1 11-11-2011 00:17:39

MW nr 4 final.indd 2 11-11-2011 00:17:43

Medieval Warfare I-4 3

27 The Norman challenge to the Pope The Battle of Civitate, June 18, 1053

35 The siege of Bari Norman power triumphant in southern Italy, 1068-1071

40 Slashes and head gashes The treatment of wounds in the Middle Ages

43 Misery at Morat Charles the Bold’s English archers at the Battle of Murten, 1476

49 Learning from the master The Fechtbücher of Hans Talhoffer

53 Reviews Books and games

58 On the cover

4 NEWS AND LETTERS

THEMEMercenaries and mighty warlords

6 Introduction From dirty dozen to dynasty The Hauteville brothers in Italy

10 Bohemond l of Antioch A crusading knight described by a lady from the Purple

13 How to fight and win like a Norman Strategy and tactics of the Normans

16 The Sicilian crucible and Lucaera Saracenorum The case of socio-cultural and military integration

21 Rulers of the waves Norman naval activity in the Mediterranean in the eleventh century

25 Early pyrotechnical weapons Recreating a medieval fire-arrow

CONTENTS

Publisher: Rolof van Hövell tot WesterflierEditor in chief: Jasper OorthuysEditorial staff: Dirk van Gorp (editor Medieval Warfare), Andrew Brooks (proofreader)Marketing & media manager: Christianne C. Beall

Contributors: Carl S. Pyrdum, Sidney Dean, Martijn Cissen, Will Stroock, Nils Visser, Matthew Bennett, Peter Vemming, Filippo Donvito, Vassilis Pergalias, Brian Burfield, Jean-Claude Brunner, Murray Dahm, Gareth Williams, Owen Rees, Bouko de Groot, Alberto Raul, Steve Pollington, Raffaele d’Amato.Illustrators: Carlos Garcia, Christos Giannopoulos, Darren Tan, Dariusz Bufnal, Andrew Brozyna, Giorgio Albertini, José Daniel Cabrera Peña & Rocio Espín Piñar. Special thanks goes to the Mary Rose Museum in Portsmouth for providing photographic material.

Design & layout: MeSa Design (www.mesadesign.nl)Print: PublisherPartners (www.publisherpartners.com)

Editorial officePO Box 4082, 7200 BB Zutphen, The NetherlandsPhone: +31-575-776076 (NL), +44-20-8816281 (Europe), +1-740-994-0091 (US)E-mail: editor@medieval-warfare.comCustomer service: service@karwansaraypublishers.comWebsite: www.medieval-warfare.com

Contributions in the form of articles, letters, reviews, news and queries are welcomed. Please send to the above address or use the contact form on www.medieval-warfare.com.

SubscriptionsSubscription price is €33,50 plus postage surcharge where applicable. Subscriptions can be purchased at shop.kar-wansaraypublishers.com, via phone or by email. For the address, see above.

DistributionMedieval Warfare is sold through retailers, the internet and by subscription. If you wish to become a sales out-let, please contact us at service@karwansaraypublishers.com.

Copyright Karwansaray B.V. All rights reserved. Nothing in this publication may be reproduced in any form without prior written consent of the publishers. Any individual pro-viding material for publication must ensure that the cor-rect permissions have been obtained before submission to us. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders, but in few cases this proves impossible. The editor and publishers apologize for any unwitting cases of copyright transgressions and would like to hear from any copyright holders not acknowledged. Articles and the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the editor and/or publishers. Advertising in Medieval Warfare does not necessarily imply endorsement.

Medieval Warfare is published every two months by Karwansaray B.V., Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PO Box 1110, 3000 BC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

ISSN: 2211-5129

Printed in the European Union.

MW nr 4 final.indd 3 11-11-2011 00:18:03

Medieval Warfare I-44

NEWS

As Messrs. Sellar and Yeatman famously demonstrated (in 1066 and All That, naturally), 1066 is one of only two ‘genuine dates’ in all of English history, and as such I hardly need to explain its significance here. Indeed, here, in the pages of Medieval Warfare’s issue devoted to the Normans’ adventures in Italy and the Mediterranean, some might say that I ought not bring up at all the date of the Norman Conquest of England. Italy is a long way from England, after all. Yet there’s a good reason that the English (and their various scattered colonial descendants) can recall with absolute clarity the date of the Norman Conquest while remaining fuzzy on exactly when it was that England had its Anglo-Saxon Conquest, or Danish Conquest, or either of the twin Scandinavian Conquests of Sweyn Forkbeard and Cnut. Glance at a map of medieval Europe in the century or so follow-ing William’s conquering and look for the bits colored Norman Red, and you’ll see one daub of color straddling the English Channel, another making a fashionable little ankle-high boot and matching handbag out of the Italian peninsula and Sicily, and one Middle-Eastern smear around Antioch – and that’s all. Just three tiny islands amidst the far larger swaths of land assigned to their rivals the Franks, the Holy Romans, the Islamic caliphs, and all the rest. Plotted on the map, William’s Norman kin look a bit less like unstoppable conquerors and a bit more like lucky bastards. So how is it that history remembers him and many other Normans chiefly as the former rather than the latter? In a word: branding. Of all the people who wished to conquer other people in medieval Europe, the Normans were the first to fully understand the value of investing in a good publicist to explain to the con-quered why they deserved to be conquered, and to explain to

Look for the Norman labelany rival conquerors what might happen if they tried to get in the way. And so the Normans hired historians by the dozens to clean up their legacy and press on their case, to make the word ‘Norman’ mean something more than ‘jerks from the North who are awfully liberal with sword-to-head application.’ Promptly, said historians ‘re-discovered’ an august history for the Normans, complete with an ancestry that could – like all the fashionable imperial lines – be traced all the way back to the heroes of the Trojan War. Just like the Biblical Israelites, these Normans had been virtually promised by divine providence that they would find a new, rightful homeland one day, and how convenient that that homeland just happened to be in three different places all across Europe. Any success by one branch of an expanding Norman family could be rolled back into history to reflect well on all the Normans throughout Europe. Even if William the Conqueror had never met his distant cousin Hugh Tubœuf, the story of how Hugh had once, while raiding in Sicily, punched a horse so hard he knocked it right out from under its rider and unconscious was just further proof of the virility of this new breed of Homo Normaniccus. But don’t hold it against the Normans. If it weren’t for their appetite for self-aggrandizing history, the flourishing of learning and letters we today call the ‘Twelfth-century Renaissance’ prob-ably wouldn’t have gotten off the ground.

Carl Pyrdum’s column On the margins appears every two months in each issue of Medieval Warfare magazine. He also maintains a blog, Got Medieval, at www.gotmedieval.com.

News itemsAdditions for this section – both news and letters to the editor – are very welcome through the following address:

Medieval Warfare magazinePO Box 40827200 BB ZutphenThe Netherlands

Or even easier, send them in by email to: editor@medieval-warfare.com

Themes and deadlinesThe upcoming themes are as follows:- II.1: The wars of Cnut the great- II.2: The Thirteen Years War- II.3: The rebirth of infantry – proposal deadline December 15th

If you have a proposal that fits our themes, you are welcome to send it to editor@medieval-warfare.com, along with your ideas for illustrations, artwork and pictures and your qualifications. We can then discuss the possibility of publishing an article in an upcoming issue of Medieval Warfare. Do make sure to send the proposal before the deadlines mentioned above.

PollYou can now decide on the themes for the final three issues of volume II yourself. In order to make sure that these themes will cover those topics our readers want to read about most, we’ve made a new poll with five options for each issue. These include topics related to Byzantine military history, the final days of the Crusader kingdoms, city-state warfare in Italy, and many more. Give your favorite topic a greater chance of becoming a theme

of Medieval Warfare magazine, and place your vote. You can find the poll in the ‘Editors blog’ section on our website at www.medieval-warfare.com.

And it gets even better! Every voter can have a chance of winning a free book about either Renaissance warfare in Italy or Edward IV. The only thing you have to do is send an email to editor@medieval-warfare.com. The winners will be chosen randomly after the poll closes, in December 2011. Of course, we won’t use your email address for any other purpose.

MW nr 4 final.indd 4 11-11-2011 00:18:03