CONSONANTS

CONSONANTS contd.

Producing a consonant sound correctly depends on :

• Place of articulation• Manner of producing sound• Voicing of the sound

Sound production:

CONTSONANTS contd.

24 Consonant Sounds

CONSONANTS contd.

The ‘T/D’ as we pronounce has the tongue curled with the underside touching the upper palate which gives it a heavy sound pretty much like the corresponding vernacular sounds. For the neutral English sound, the tongue needs to remain flat with the upper side of the tongue touching the hard palate.

The T/D Sounds

T D

Tame Ten Day Dollar

Tree Twelve Does Decide

Tap Today Delta Today

Twin Tip Did Diskette

Team Tomorrow Donna Damaged

Telephone Tray Data Identify

CONSONANTS contd.

CONSONANTS contd./t/

Common Spellings

T TeaD Walkedbt* Debtpt* ReceiptTt MittTh Thomas

Contrasting Pairs

tank/thank try/dry tree/three

team/theme debt/dead true/threw

tick/thick Toot/tooth right/ride

CONSONANTS contd.

WORDS

Ted Tiger To Tomorrow Tarnish Towards

Italy Atom Tomato Data Meeting Sweater

Ought to Got to Went to Sent to Put to Get to

Bottom Lotto Pattern Glottal Ointment Motto

Hot Bought Site Right What Soft

CONSONANTS contd.

TONGUE TWISTERS

Try to take two turns this time. Tina tried to tame Ted’s tiger on Tuesday. A Tudor who tooted a flute…….tried to tutor two

tooters to toot. Said the two to their tutor, "Is it harder to toot……. or

to tutor two tooters to toot?“ Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.

CONSONANTS contd.

PASSAGE

A bottle of bottled water held twenty little turtles. Each turtle had to battle with another turtle, to get a little bit of noodles. The problem was that there were many turtle battles for the less than oodles of noodles. The littlest Turtles always lost, because every time they battled with another turtle, their little turtle minds boggled, and they were left with just a little of the oodles of noodles.

CONSONANTS contd.Oo ou aw aa Aye ee aaow aai

Oot out awt aat Ayet eet aaowt aait

Oopt oupt awpt aapt ayept eept aaowpt aaipt

Ookt oukt awkt aakt ayekt eekt aaowkt aaikt

Oost oust awst aast ayest eest aaowst aaist

Ooft ouft awft aaft ayeft eeft aaowft aaift

Ootht outht awtht aatht ayetht eetht aaowtht aaitht

Drill

Toot tout tawt taat tayet teet taaowt taait

Toopt toupt tawpt taapt tayept teept taaowpt taaipt

Tookt toukt tawkt taakt tayekt teekt taaowkt taaikt

Toost toust tawst taast tayest teest taaowst taaist

Tooft touft tawft taaft tayeft teeft taaowft taaift

The V/W SoundsMost of us have either the ‘V’ or the ‘W’ sound or we tend to interchange the sounds. Eg: The veather is good. This is wery good. If you haven’t noticed the difference yet, you need to pay closer attention to your lip movement for these two sounds:For a word beginning with ‘V’ the lower lip should touch the outside of the upper teeth.For a word beginning with ‘W’ we need to round our lips and let the air escape.

CONSONANTS contd.

CONSONANTS contd./d/

On dark nights I sometimes dream of little dwarfs, who like to ride through the woods and along country roads on tiny donkeys. On cold stabbing nights they try to invert riddles to the sound of wind. They tend to find clear skies disappointing and much prefer dark stormy nights. One dark dismal night in winter, I observed a dozen of these little men hunting for dandelions in the woods. It was raining hard, but in the distance I could see a little figure riding away from me. I followed close behind until the dwarf reached a door, through which he disappeared. I knocked hard on the door, hoping to catch a glimpse of where he lived. All of a sudden, I heard a dreadful drumming sound behind me. I turned around to investigate and discovered a dazzling sight. A drunken dwarf dressed in a diamond-encrusted cloak was riding past me on a dappled donkey. I tried to address him but with downcast eyes, he trundled down the road into the distance. As the day dawned I woke from my dream.

THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN – V & W

Vine WineVase Ways/WeighsVile WhileVary WaryVow WowVent Went

He took the Veal He took the WheelVeer to the Left We’re to the leftWhere’s the Vine? Where’s the wine?He lives in the Vest He lives in the West

CONSONANTS contd.

/v/Placement:The lower lip and edge of upper front teeth meet to produce a partially continuous airflow by slightly obstructing the flow of air. /V/ is a very important sound. The sounds /v/ and /w/ are contrastive in English and the distinction is essential to the meaning of our message as well as to neutralize the Indian accent. By mastering this sound, mispronunciation between west – vest, Wet –Vet, Very well – wery vell will be controlled.

CONSONANTS contd.

Contrasting Pairs

view/few Wait/fate reviews/refusevat/bat wave/waif relieve/reliefvery/berry shovel/shuffle leave/leaf

/v/

CONSONANTS contd.

Passage

While revising the visitor’s version of a very well paved avenue, the VIP revealed none of his motives. The VIP was not convinced with the visitors views, and avowed that he would have it vetoed by the vice – president, and vowed to invent an indestructible, paving compound. Soon, the VIP found himself on the verge of civil war with a visitor with whom he had previously conversed easily. Never again did the visitor converse with the vain VIP and they remained divided forever.

/v/CONSONANTS contd.

/w/

Placement: Here, The lips are rounded and the back of the tongue comes in contact with the palate. The sound is continuous without any friction.As compared to the sound “v”, where the upper teeth are placed on the lower lip, in “w” the lips are rounded, just as the way we whistle. Hence, push the lips forward and blow out air to produce a voiced sound.

CONSONANTS contd.

Tongue Twister

•While we were walking, we were watching window washers

•When Washington's washerwoman went west, Wash Washington washed his windows with warm washing water.

•Walter Whipple warily warned the weary warrior.

•Wash and wear is wonderful.

/w/CONSONANTS contd.

/w/Passage

Where were we in world war one? One wild Wednesday Wilson Water, and I were strolling in the wild forest of Wisconsin, with a wonderful woman called Wanda Wilkerson. “When is the day going to come, whispered Wilson.” Hopefully soon, I’ve been waiting since winter. Wanda walked back waving wildly.

CONSONANTS contd.

CONTENTSThe “th” Sounds

There are two ‘TH’ sounds:Hard ‘TH’—than, those, there, them, that, althoughSoft ‘TH’—think, thing, thanks, thermometer, Thursday

Usually when we speak these sounds, the tongue is behind the upper teeth.

However we need to…Place the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth and Make the sound by releasing the air while pulling the tongue in.

CONSONANTS contd.

Soft TH Hard TH

Thursday Thirteen Teeth Than Although Sheath

Think Bathroom Path Those Mother Loathe

Third Nothing Method There Father Teethe

Throw Breathless Booth Them Northern Soothe

Thirsty Mythology Wrath Thy Whether Seethe

CONSONANTS contd.

/ /The Unvoiced ‘Th’

Placement: For the /ɵ/ place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and tongue. Don't vibrate your vocal cords.

The unvoiced /ɵ/ occurs in content words.

CONSONANTS contd.

Thursday Method TeethThink Bathroom PathThird Nothing NorthThrow Breathless BoothThelma Mythology Wrath

Words

/ /

Minimal PairsThree/Free Think/Pink Thor/Soar

Both/Boat Fought/Thought Pass/Path

Frilled/Thrilled Tore/Thor Coat/Throat

Thin/Sin Broth/Bought Moth/Moss

CONSONANTS contd.

Tongue Twisters

1. Thor is the god of Thunder.2. Thelma and Theo have bad breath.3. Three free thrilling frills fought on Ruth's roof.4. Thieves are thankless thugs who deserve our wrath.5. Nothing is worth thousands of deaths.6. Mr. Smith's teeth are thin and lethal.7. Thursdays are thirsty days for lethargic Ruth and Thelma.8. It seems themes are sought by thousands of mythical misses.9. Thick ticks on three trees brought broth to ten thin tin men.10. Sick thickets thwarted seven thin sinners from passing through.

/ /

CONSONANTS contd.

PassageThankful Ruth

Ruth doesn't like to remember things from the past. Thirteen years ago, Ruth came close to death. She was very thin and lost thirty pounds. Three of her teeth also fell out. Ruth is thankful for her nurse, Beth, who helped her through thick and thin. Now, Ruth can enjoy long, thoughtful baths.

/ /

CONSONANTS contd.

Thomas Thompson Thyme Theresa

Thames Esther Thailand

Exceptions to the rule:1. Sometimes the ‘ɵ’ is a ‘t’ sound. This is mostly when

the sound comes in a Proper Noun.

Another example: ‘apartheid’.2.Sometimes the ‘ɵ’ is a ‘silent’ sound. Asthma – æsmə3.In content words that denote relationship the / ɵ / takes on a /ð/ sound.

Father Mother Brother

/ /

CONSONANTS contd.

/ð/The Voiced ‘Th’ / ð /

Placement:For the / ð / place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and your tongue. Vibrate your vocal cords to make/ ð /.

CONSONANTS contd.

/ð/The Voiced ‘Th’ / ð /

Placement: For the / ð / place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and your tongue. Vibrate your vocal cords to make/ ð /.

CONSONANTS contd.

The P/K Soundsand Q/C sounds

The P/K sounds

These sounds in neutral English are soft relaxed sounds

CONSONANTS contd.

The P/K Sounds

Pin PeelPine PrayPaid PailPixels PourPerfect ImportantPrinter JumperPoint Picture

Cat CostCrime KettleComputer CleanConvenient CacheQuick QueenQuiet QuestionContact Configuration

CONSONANTS contd.

/p/Placement: For this sound the out flow of breath is interrupted at the lips, and lips are pursed together then released. This produces the consonant sound ‘p”. This sound is voiceless and aspirated.

This sound in neutral English is a soft relaxed sound.

CONSONANTS contd.

/p/

Potion Power Product Plymouth Practice Power

People Proper Pepper Pepperoni Happy Supper

Tap Gap Popper Ship Sip Pop

Pin Peel Paid Pail Perfect Important

Pine Pray Pixels Pour Printer Jumper

Point Picture Prosper Pint Prosper Swap

Words

CONSONANTS contd.

/p/Drill

Oo Ou Aw Aa Aye ee aaow Aai

Oop Oup Awp Aap Ayep eep aaowp Aaip

Oops Oups awps Aaps Ayeps eeps aaowps Aaips

Oosp Ousp awsp Aasp Ayesp eesp aaowsp Aaisp

Oopk Oupk awpk Aapk Ayepk eepk aaowpk Aaipk

Poop Poup pawp Paap Payep peep paaowp paaip

Poops Poups pawps Paaps Payeps peeps paaowps paaips

Poopk Poupk pawpk Paapk Payepk peepk paaowpk paaipk

CONSONANTS contd.

/p/Tongue twistersPeter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Patsy planter plucked plump, purple, plastic plums.

Pick a partner and practice passing, for if you pass proficiently, perhaps you will play professionally.

Proper popper, Proper popper, Proper popper.

CONSONANTS contd.

/p/PassagePeter Piper and Piped Piper were thick pals. Peter and Piped Piper both hoped to pick a peck of pickled peppercorn with Popeye, in Paris. On their way to Paris, they met two pretty, and petite girls, Patsy and Pamela. They too hoped to pick a peck of pickled peppercorn with Popeye, in Paris. Peter Piper, Piped Piper, Patsy Perkins, and Pamela Powers became good pals. On their trip to Paris they had to cross the Prairie Chapel. The Chapel was very old, and looked like a pestilential prison. Peter Piper, Piped Piper, Patsy Perkins, and Pamela Powers decided to become life partners and promptly paid the priest and had a prairie wedding in the chapel. They returned home and lived happily ever after.

CONSONANTS contd.

/k/Placement : Raise the back of the tongue to touch the soft part at the back of the roof of the mouth. The air is stopped there, and then released quickly./k/ is voiceless.

CONSONANTS contd.

/k/Contrasting Pairs

call/gall back/bag clean/glean

curl/girl bicker/bigger crow/grow

cold/gold tucking/tugging frock/frogWords

Kind Cambridge Cardiff Colerain Canterbury Queen

Cactus Doctor Bacon Actor Exeter Newcastle

Make Bake Kick Limerick Cork York

CONSONANTS contd.

/k/Tongue Twister.

• How many cookies could a good cook cook, If a good cook could cook cookies?• If you stick a stock of alcohol in your locker, it's slick to stick a lock upon your stock, or some stickler who is slicker will stick you of your liquor if you fail to lock your liquor with a lock!• I would if I could, and if I couldn't, how could I? You couldn't, unless you could, could you?

CONSONANTS contd.

/k/Passage

Luke and Jack were close pals. Luke would lock the liquor in the locker room, which quite irked Jack. So to get back at Luke, Jack closed his ducks in a dark room. When Luke got to know about this, he went to Zachary, to complain. Zachary was cool, and a calm person, but Zachary concluded by saying that Jack is right. When Zachary cascaded the sequence of his conversation with Luke to Jack, Zachary and Jack decided to teach Luke a lesson. They locked Luke with his ducks in the dark, closed room, and drank his liquor, sitting on his sofa, the whole night.

CONSONANTS contd.

/s/Placement: The tip of the tongue is raised to the upper gum ridge constricting the air stream, producing a sharp "hissing" sound. This is a voiceless S sound.

CONSONANTS contd.

Words

/s/

So September Sorry Single Sound Soft

Saucy Satisfied Sixteen Electricity Incessant Cisco

Glass Mass Class Makes Bakes Flakes

CONSONANTS contd.

/s/Tongue Twisters

• I saw Susie sitting in a shoeshine shop. Where she sits she shines, and where she shines she sits.• Strict strong stringy Stephen Stretch.• Slickly snared six sickly silky snakes.• Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks. • Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks. • Sarah saw a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sashes as the sunshine shone on the side of the shot-silk sash shop.

CONSONANTS contd.

/s/Drilloo Ou Aw Aa aye Ee Aaow aaioos ous Aws Aas ayes ees aaows aaisookts outs Awkts aakts ayekts eekts aeowkts aaiktsoost oust Awst Aast ayest eest aaowst aaistoosts ousts Awsts aasts ayests eests aaowsts aaistssoos sous Saws Saas sayes sees saaows saaissoops soups Sawps saaps sayeps seeps saaowps saaipssooks souks Sawks saaks sayeks seeks saaowks saaiksoosts sousts Sawsts saasts sayests seests saaowsts saaistsSoofs soufs Sawfs saafs sayefs seefs saaowfs saaifs

CONSONANTS contd.

/s/Passage.

A surly Sergeant, Sam, from Leicester, saw a sailor sit silently on a small seat next to the see- saw. He sat there for several minutes, while tots swarmed around. Sam asked the sailor to cease. But sailor sneered in his face. Sam was so incensed that he considered it a sufficient incentive to Sock the sailor. The sailor stood there for a second, and then strolled away.

CONSONANTS contd.

/r/CONSONANTS contd.

Placement:

/r/ sound is produced by curling the front of the tongue but do not touch the back of the upper teeth. Then push air between the palate and the tip of the tongue. /r/ is voiced.

CONSONANTS contd.

Words

/r/

(INITIAL) (MEDIAL)red Zeroreal Merrywrite Severalroof Forward

CONSONANTS contd./r/

Contrasting Pairs

rest/west door/dough bright/lightrinse/wince bear/beer fry/flyrent/went run/won crowd/cloud

Sentences

1. Knowing right from wrong is important 2. Gregory and his brother really like rock-and-roll music. 3. The three friends ran in the race on Thursday, November thirteenth.

CONSONANTS contd./r/

Passage

Hurly Burly store at Leicester, had thousands of mirrors. One mirror was at the side of the room, which made the room look bigger. One girl who worked there, was terrorised that birds might get hurt by hurtling into their own reflection. She moved the drawers to the side of the room in order to cover the length of the mirror. After doing this, she realized that it saved the birds from getting hurt. The owner of the Store, in Leicester, proportionately rewarded her effort.

ch=/tʃ/CONSONANTS contd.

Placement:

This sound is a combination of the /t/ and the /sh/ sounds. The front of the tongue is raised firmly to the gum ridge for the /t/ sound. Lips protrude while the air stream is restricted there, the /sh / is added before releasing the / ch / sound. “Ch” gives a voiceless sound.

CONSONANTS contd.ch=/tʃ/

Contrasting Pairscheap/jeep hunch/hunt choke/jokechurn/turn arch/art batches/badgeschin/tin etch/edge cheat/sheet

Tongue twister

• Chester Cheetah chews a chunk of cheap cheddar cheese.• I'll chew and chew until my chin drops.• A child can choke on a chunk of cheese. • Chuck paid for the church picture by check. • Choose the chicken sandwich for lunch.

CONSONANTS contd.ch=/tʃ/

Passage

Out in the pasture the nature watcher watches the catcher. While the catcher watches the pitcher who pitches the balls. Whether the temperature's up or whether the temperature's down, the nature watcher, the catcher and the pitcher are always around. The pitcher pitches, the catcher catches and the watcher watches. So whether the temperature rises or whether the temperature falls the nature watcher just watches the catcher who's watching the pitcher who's watching the balls.

CONSONANTS contd./f/

WORDSFall RalphFail SapphireFood LaughFish LaughsFlower ToughAfter CoughPhone Trophy

CONSONANTS contd.

Sentences

/f/

Freddy found fresh flowers for his friendFrances lifted her finger to show off her sapphireRalph's life is tough but he laughsPhil's life is soft but he frets

One fresh fall dayPaul went to the fairTo find some fun and foodBut while hopping a fenceHe ripped his pantsWhich put him in a foul moodBut he found a fine friendAnd prayed she would mend the rip before it could frayAnd although he was piecedWith a patch on the seatHe went to the feast anyway

Sentences/f/

CONSONANTS contd.

CONSONANTS contd.

Placement:

This sound is like the buzz of a bee.The tongue is suspended mid air within the teeth closed. The sound is created with a vibration“zzzzzzz” is a voiced sound.

/z/

/z/CONSONANTS contd.

WordsZero Freeze Anxiety CousinLazy Xerox Easy Cheese

She's my friends cousinHe reads newspapers and magazines on Thursdays

Sentences

CONSONANTS contd./ʤ/

Placement:

This sound is a combination of the /d/ and the /z/ sounds. Similar to a ‘j’ followed by a bee’s buzz.

CONSONANTS contd.

WordsJames budge January badgerpackage bulge Jowl Edge

/ʤ/

Sentences

Janet and June joined hands to cage the badgerJanuary in Japan and June in Brazil can be joyful.

CONSONANTS contd./ʒ/

Placement:

This sound is a combination of the ‘j’ and the /z/ sounds. Similar to a bee’s buzz but with the lips pursed.

CONSONANTS contd./ʒ/

Wordscasual Asia confusion Illusionbeige treasure lesion azure

Sentences

The collision caused an explosion in Persia.The beige fountain camouflaged the treasure.The mirage was of a treasure.He was casual about the visual to term it an illusion.