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Vitamin B & B

Ribofavin &

Niacin

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Vitamin B2

(Ribofavin)

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Ribofavin is sometimes called B2. It isdestroyed by light and irradiation and isunstable in alkalis.

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FunctionsRibofavin is essential orcarbohydrate, at, and proteinmetabolism. It is also necessary ortissue maintenance, especially the

skin around the mouth, and orhealthy eyes. Ribofavin is absorbedin the small intestine.

ourcesRibofavin is !idely distributed in

animal and plant oods but in smallamounts. "ilk , meats, poultry, #sh,and enriched breads and cereals aresome o its richest sources.

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Re$uirementsRibofavin is measured inmilligrams. %he average adultemale daily re$uirement isthought to be &.& mg, and the

adult male re$uirement is &.'mg. %he ribofavinre$uirement appears toincrease !ith increasedenergy e(penditure. %here$uirement does not diminish

!ith age.

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A deciency o ribofavin can

result in ceilosis! a conditioncaracteri"ed by sores on te lipsand te cracks at te corners ote mout# $lossitis %infammationo te tonue'! dermatitis! and eyestrain in te orm o itcin!burnin! and eye atiue#

)e#ciencyBecause o te small (uantities oribofavin in oods and its limitedstorae in te body! deciencies oribofavin can develop# )e eneroususe o at ree milk in te diet is a

ood *ay to prevent deciency otis vitamin# +t is important! o*ever!tat te milk be stored in opa(uecontainers because ribofavin can bedestroyed by lit# +t appears tatber la,atives can reduced ribofavinabsorption! and teir used over lonperiods sould be discouraed#

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%o(icityNo kno*n )o,icity

Treatment-Diet

High-riboflavin foods (such as meats; enriched flour;

milk and other dairy products; green, leafy

vegetables; eggs; and cereal)

Treatment-Medications

Supplemental oral riboflavin

*ursing Interventions+Administer prescribed supplements, such asoral riboflavin and others, as indicated by

associated deficiencies.

+nlist the aid of a nutritional therapist ordietitian for assistance !ith meal planning and

appropriate food choices; encourage the intake

of foods high in riboflavin (such as meats, fish,

eggs, milk, green vegetables) and enriched

food products.+"rovide soothing drinks and soft non-irritatingfoods if the patient has cheilosis and a sore

tongue.

+"romote comfort measures and rest periodsas appropriate.

+Assist !ith skin care measures; encouragethe patient to keep affected areas clean and

dry.

+"rovide care for the underlying conditioncausing the deficiency, as appropriate.

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Vitamin B3

(Niacin)

Niacin %also kno*n as vitamin B.or nicotinic acid'

/avin enou niacin!orvitamin B.!in te body is important

or eneral ood ealt# As a treatment! ier amounts oniacincan improve colesterol levelsand lo*er cardiovascular

risks#

http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-58189/b-3+niacin+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/video/how-safe-is-niacinhttp://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbershttp://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbershttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/video/how-safe-is-niacinhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-924-niacin+and+niacinamide+vitamin+b3.aspx?activeingredientid=924&activeingredientname=niacin+and+niacinamide+(vitamin+b3)http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-58189/b-3+niacin+oral/details

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ources)e best sources o niacin are meats! poultry! and s# 0eanuts and oter leumes arealso ood sources! 1nriced breads and cereals also contain some# 2ilk and es donot provide niacin per servin! but tey are ood sources o its precursor! tryptopan%an amino acid'# Veetable and ruits contain little niacin#

Functions

Niacin serves as co en"yme in enerymetabolism and conse(uently isessential to every body cell# +naddition! niacin is essential or teprevention o pellara# 0ellara is adisease caracteri"ed by sores on te

skin and by diarroea! an,iety!conusion! irritability! poor memory!di""iness and untimely deat i letuntreated# Niacin! *en used as acolesterol3lo*erin aent! must beclosely supervised by a pysician

because o possible adverse sidee4ects suc as liver damae andpeptic ulcers#

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Re$uirementsNiacin is measured in as a niacine(uivalent %N1'# 5ne N1 e(uals 6 mo niacin or 78 m tryptopan! )eeneral recommendation is a dailyintake o 69 m:N1 or adult *omen

and 67 m:N1 or adult men# Becausee,cessive amounts o niacin avecaused fusin due to vasculardilation %e,pansion o blood vessels'!sel prescribed doses o niacinconcentrate sould be discourae!5ter symptoms includesastrointestinal problems and itcin#

+ e,cessive amounts o niacin areinested! liver damae may result#

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Deficiency

A deficiency of niacin is apt toappear if there is a deficiency of

riboflavin. Symptoms of niacin

deficiency include !eakness,

anore#ia, indigestion, an#iety, and

irritability. $n e#treme cases,

pellagra may occur.

Treatment-Activity%ed rest during acute stage or in

severe cases

Treatment-MedicationsSupplemental %-comple# vitamins

&iacin'opical emollients for skin lesions

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*ursing Interventions+Administer prescribed supplements!

suc as oral niacin and oter Bvitamins! as ordered#+1nlist te aid o a nutritionalterapist or dietitian or assistance*it meal plannin and appropriateood coices#

+0rovide li(uid or pureed oods i tepatient is e,periencin dyspaiarom lossitis#+0romote comort measures and restperiods as appropriate#+Apply topical emollients to skinlesions as ordered#++nstitute saety measures ineuroloic maniestations arepresent#+Reorient te patient as necessary#

+0rovide care or te underlyincondition causin te deciency! as

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ToxicityFlushing- !hich is prostaglandin-

mediated, is more common !ithimmediate-release preparations. $t may be

more intense after alcohol ingestion,

aerobic activity, sun e#posure, and

consumption of spicy foods. lushing is

minimied if niacin is taken after meals or

if aspirin (*+ mg, !hich may !ork better

than lo!er doses) is taken * to minbefore niacin . 'he chance of severe

flushing can be reduced by starting

immediate-releaseniacin at a lo! dose (eg,

mg tid) and increasing it very slo!ly.

Hepatotoxicity- may be more common!ith some sustained-release preparations.

Some authorities recommend checkinglevels of uric acid, blood glucose, and

plasma aminotransferases every / to 0 !k

until the dose of niacin has been stabilied.

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