Fall Semester Review

1. Which letter in this model of the boron atom represents an electron?

a. Wb. X

c. Yd. Z

2. Each letter in the diagram represents an atomic structure found in atoms. Which letter correctly identifies the atomic mass of an atom?

a. Wb. X

c. Yd. Z

3. Which of these statements is true about an atom of chromium (Cr)?

a. has more protons than electronsb. has fewer subatomic than an atom of

iron

c. has an atomic number of 51.996d. has more electrons than neutrons

4. How many electrons are contained in a neutral atom of an element with an atomic number of 30 and an atomic mass of 65.38? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document.

5. An atom has 25 protons, 30 neutrons, and 25 electrons. What is the charge of the atom’s nucleus?a. +25b. +30

c. -25d. -30

6. Which of the following best describes an electron?a. It has no charge and about the same mass as a proton.b. It has a negative charge and much less mass than a proton.c. It has a positive charge and much more mass than a neutron.d. It has a negative charge and about the same mass as a neutron.

7. According to the periodic table, which of the following represents a carbon atom?

a. B c.

b. L d.

8. Which of the following correctly lists the particles in a helium atom?

a. 1 proton, 1 neutron, 1 electronb. 1 proton, 2 neutrons, 2 electrons

c. 2 protons, 2 neutrons, 2 electronsd. 2 protons, 2 neutrons, 4 electrons

9. Which subatomic particle determines an atom's atomic number?

a. Protonsb. Photons

c. Electronsd. Neutrons

10. When trying to identify an unknown element, a scientist determines what other elements the unknown element reacts with chemically. Which property of the unknown element determines the other elements it reacts with?

a. The total number of neutrons in the unknown elementb. The total number of particles in the nucleus of the unknown elementc. The number of protons in the nucleus of the unknown elementd. The number of valence electrons in the unknown element

11. An element that has 8 valence electrons is –a. more reactive than elements with fewer valence electrons.b. less reactive than elements with fewer valence electrons.c. more negatively charged than elements with fewer valence electrons.d. more positively charged than elements with fewer valence electrons.

12. Which element can be identified as having 16 protons?

a. Neonb. Oxygen

c. Phosphorusd. Sulfur

13. When identifying an element, what piece of information is most valuable to scientists?

a. The number of protonsb. The number of neutrons

c. The number of electronsd. The atomic mass

14. Which of the following would be the most reactive element?

a. Neon, which has 8 valence electronsb. Carbon, which has 4 valence electrons

c. Lithium, which has 1 valence electrond. Aluminum, which has 3 valence

electrons

15. Which element has properties most similar to lithium?

a. Boronb. Carbon

c. Sodiumd. Helium

16. A researcher wants to experiment with an element that reacts like phosphorus (P) but has a greater atomic mass. Which element should the researcher select for the experiment?

a. Nitrogen (N)b. Sulfur (S)

c. Arsenic (As)d. Silicon (Si)

17. Why is cobalt (Co) placed before nickel (Ni) on the Periodic Table of the Elements even though it has a higher average atomic mass than nickel?

a. Nickel has one more proton.b. Cobalt was discovered first.

c. Nickel has fewer electrons.d. Cobalt has a lower density.

18. Iodine would have chemical properties most like

a. manganese (Mn)b. tellurium (Te)

c. chlorine (Cl)d. xenon (Xe)

19. A student is comparing an atom of lithium to an atom of sodium using the Periodic Table. Which statement is the correct conclusion made by the student?

a. Sodium has a lower atomic mass than lithium.b. Lithium is more chemically reactive than sodium.c. Lithium has one proton in its nucleus and sodium has two.d. Sodium and lithium have the same number of valence electrons

20. Elements on the periodic table are arranged according to their -

a. atomic massb. number of neutrons

c. number of electronsd. atomic number

21. Which of the following is the element in Group 16 and Period 2 on the Periodic Table?

a. sulfurb. nitrogen

c. oxygend. fluorine

22. The chemical formula for aspirin is C9H8O4. Which best describes the number of atoms of each element in the formula?

a. 9 chlorine, 8 helium, 4 oxygenb. 9 carbon, 17 hydrogen, 21 oxygen

c. 9 carbon, 8 hydrogen, 4 oxygend. 9 chlorine, 8 helium, 21 oxygen

23. How many atoms of carbon are found in glucose, C6H12O6?

a. 3b. 6

c. 12d. 24

24. How many elements are found in CuSO4?

a. 3b. 4

c. 5d. 6

25. The chemical formula for baking soda is made from one atom of sodium, carbon, hydrogen and three atoms of oxygen. Which of the following best represents the correct formula?

a. SHCo3

b. NaHCo3

c. NaHCO3

d. NaH(CO)3

26. Compare these two chemical formulas and determine the number of atoms involved: C3H8 and C2H6.

a. 24 and 12b. 11 and 8

c. 11 and 12d. 24 and 8

27. Which chemical formula contains 8 atoms of oxygen?

a. 2H2O2

b. 2KSO4

c. CH3C2Hd. CaCO3

28. A student observes some sugar as it is heated and burns. The student concludes that a chemical reaction has occurred. Which of the following observations about the burning sugar provides evidence of a chemical reaction?

a. Heat is added to the sugar crystals.b. The sugar melts and becomes a liquid.

c. The temperature of the sugar increases.d. Gas is produced as the sugar turns

black.

29. Chemical equations tell a story of a chemical change where the elements are rearranged, forming new substances. All of the following chemical equations indicate a chemical reaction except —

a. Fe + Cl2 FeCl2 b. 3Mg + N2 Mg3N2

c. 2Ag + H2S H2O + Pb d. 4 Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

30. Which of the following is evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred?

a. Change in shapeb. Going from a solid to a liquid

c. Change in physical formd. A solid forms when mixing two liquids

31. Which of the following best completes the graphic organizer above?a. Physical properties of elementsb. Chemical properties of elements

c. Evidence of physical changed. Evidence of a chemical reaction

32. Which of the following represents a chemical reaction?a. a sugar cube dissolving in waterb. ice cubes forming in a freezer

c. ice cream melting in a bowld. a cake baking in an oven

33. Which statement provides evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred?

a. Products release more energy than reactants. b. Reactants form from the atoms that make up products. c. Atoms that make up reactants rearrange into new products. d. There are more atoms in the products than in the reactants.

34. Is the equation: 2Fe + O2 Fe2O3 balanced?

a. Yes (Balanced) b. No (unbalanced)

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

35. Based on the reaction shown above, which statement best supports the law of conservation of mass?

a. There are more chlorine atoms in the reactant. b. There are more hydrogen atoms in the product. c. The number of chlorine atoms is unequal in the reactants and products. d. The number of reactant atoms is equal to the number of product atoms.

36. Sodium and chloride react chemically to produce sodium chloride, which is table salt. The mass of sodium chloride that is produced is

a. equal to the mass of the sodium plus the mass of the chloride.b. greater than the mass of the sodium and the mass of the chloride.c. less than the mass of the sodium and the mass of the chloride.d. equal to the mass of the sodium or to the mass of the chloride.

37. Which of the following equations correctly demonstrates the law of conservation of mass?

a. 2FeO + 4C Fe + CO2

b. SiI4 + 2Mg Si + 2MgI2

c. 4Ba + S8 2BaSd. 4HgO 4Hg + 3O2

38. What is true of every balanced equation?

a. All coefficients must be multiples of 2b. Subscripts should be changed.

c. Atoms are created when products are formed.

d. Mass has been conserved.

39. Which of the following equations is correctly balanced?

a. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

b. H2 + O2 → 2H2Oc. 2Ag2O → Ag2 + O2

d. N2 + H2 → NH3

40. Which equation shows that the total mass during a chemical reaction stays the same?

a. 1b. 2

c. 3d. 4

41. A force is acting on each of the objects below.

What can be concluded about these forces?

a. They are the same because they point toward the objects. b. They are the same because they have the same magnitude (number). c. They are different because they have different magnitudes (number). d. They are different because they have different directions.

42. What causes changes in the speed and/or the direction of an object’s motion?

a. Light energy b. Equilibrium

c. Balanced forces d. Unbalanced forces

43. When all forces acting on an object are balanced, what happens to the object’s motion?

a. The object speeds up b. The object changes direction.

c. The motion of the object does not change.

d. The object slows down.

44. Two students are pushing a cart, as shown below.

The cart will move as if it were acted on by a single force with a magnitude of

a. 50 N. b. 150 N.

c. 200 N. d. 350 N.

45. Four forces are acting on a box, as shown below.

This box will increase in speed…

a. downward and to the left.b. downward and to the right.

c. upward and to the left.d. upward and to the right.

46. The object below will move...

a. To the leftb. To the right

c. Upd. Down

47. Which of the following represents the velocity of a moving object?

a. 40 b. 40 m/s north

c. 40 m/s d. 40 north

48. A student states that the velocity of a train is 95 km/h. What is wrong with the statement? a. Velocity must include both a speed and a direction.b. Velocity is a measure of the change in speed overtime.c. Velocity must be expressed in units of kilometers per hour squared. d. Velocity is the distance an object travels in one second, not one hour.

49. Using the information from the graph below, which statement best describes the motion of the object?

a. The object turns a corner. b. The object is slowing down during the trip. c. The object travels at a constant speed during the entire trip. d. The object travels at a faster speed during the last part of the trip.

50. If a car is moving on a highway at 70 kilometers per hour, going south, and then turns to travel 70 kilometers per hour, going east, what happens to its speed and velocity?

a. Speed - changing, Velocity – constantb. Speed - constant, Velocity – changingc. Speed - constant, Velocity – constant

d. Speed - changing, Velocity - changing

51. The three vehicles shown below are all traveling at a speed of 15 m/s, but only the pickuptruck has a changing velocity.

The pickup truck has a changing velocity because the pickup truck —

a. can accelerate faster than the other two vehiclesb. is traveling in the opposite direction from the other two vehiclesc. is traveling on a curve in the roadd. needs a large amount of force to move

52. The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion is related to one of Newton’s Laws. It is called .

a. Accelerationb. Force

c. Inertiad. Work

53. A roller coaster is accelerating at 15m/s2 before it comes to an abrupt stop at the end of the ride.

The total mass of the roller coaster is 200kg. How much force was exerted on the roller coaster to bring it to a stop?

a. 60N b. 800N

c. 3000Nd. 12,000N

54. Which of the below statements is not an example of acceleration?

a. A bike slowing down as it crosses the street.

b. A car increasing speed as it passes another car.

c. A parked car.d. A truck slowing down as it turns a

corner.

55.

56. According to Newton’s second law, when the same force is applied to two objects of different masses…a. the object with greater mass will experience a great acceleration and the object with less mass will

experience an even greater acceleration. b. the object with greater mass will experience a smaller acceleration and the object with less mass will

experience a greater acceleration. c. the object with greater mass will experience a greater acceleration and the object with less mass will

experience a smaller acceleration.d. The object with greater mass will experience a small acceleration and the object with less mass will

experience an even smaller acceleration

57. If you blow up a balloon, and then release it, the balloon will fly away. This is an illustration of...

a. Galileo's law of inertia.b. Newtons first Law

c. Newtons second Lawd. Newtons third Law

58. A force of 200 N is exerted on an object of mass 40 kg that is located on a sheet of perfectly smooth ice. What is the objects acceleration?

a. 5 N/kgb. 8000 N/kg

c. 100 N/kgd. .20 N/kg

59. Consider a satellite orbiting the earth at 17,500 MPH. What would happen to a rock released from the satellite?

a. As the rock cannot generate its own force, it will slow downb. The rock would orbit the earth at a velocity of 17,500 MPH next to the satellitec. As the rock is smaller than the satellite, it will accelerate and orbit at a greater velocityd. As the rock is smaller than the satellite, its inertia will pull it further away from earth

60. Which statement is NOT true about action and reaction forces?

a. The reaction force is in the opposite direction of the action forceb. Action always equals reactionc. The reaction force is twice the magnitude of the action forced. Reaction always equals action

61. Two cars with different masses travel at the same speed down a hill toward a stop sign. What will happen when both cars apply brakes at the same time to stop?

a. The car with the smaller mass will require less force to stop than the car with the larger mass.b. The car with the larger mass will maintain its velocity while traveling down the hill.c. The car with the smaller mass will take longer to stop than the car with the larger mass.d. The car with the larger mass will have less inertia than the car with the smaller mass.