Verbs

Principle Parts• All regular verbs have 4 principle parts• Principle parts is just a fancy term for

the 4 forms of the verb given in the vocab entry

• The principle parts of the verb are the 4 forms that you need in order to create all the other forms of that verb

• English verbs also have principle parts, but you don’t learn them that way

What each principle part does:• 1st = 1st person, singular, present tense

– This is the “I” form of the verb: I walk, I sit, I talk• 2nd = infinitive

– This is the “to” form of the verb: to walk, to sit– We use this form to make other forms of the

verb• 3rd = 1st person, singular, past tense

– This is the “I” form of the verb: I walked, I sat, I talked

• 4th = perfect passive participle

For Example• amō, amāre, amavī, amatus

amō = I loveamāre = to loveamavī = I loved (but I’m not now)amatus = having been loved

Plus Exempla• laudō, laudāre, laudavī, laudatus

laudō = I praiselaudāre = to praiselaudavī = I praisedlaudatus = having been praised

Plus Exempla• habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus

habeō = I have, holdhabēre = to have, holdhabuī = I had, heldhabitus = having been held

Plus Exempla• videō, vidēre, vidī, visus

videō = I seevidēre = to seevidī = I sawvisus = having been seen

Plus Exempla• vendō, vendere, vendidī, venditus

vendō = I sellvendere = to sellvendidī = I soldvenditus = having been sold

How to conjugate verbs• First: why do we conjugate?• Verbs conjugate in order to show who is

doing the action, how many people are doing the action, and when it’s happening

• We’re only going to work with the present tense for now

How to conjugate verbs• The first thing that you need are principle parts• Like: amō, amāre, amavī, amatus • Then you need some endings

Singular Plural1st Person o mus2nd Person s tis 3rd Person t nt

How to conjugate verbs• The first principle part always goes in

the first box• To form the others

– Go to the 2nd principle part (amare)– Cut off the “re” at the end– What’s left is called the stem (ama)– Add the endings for the chart– Sing the verb song

How to conjugate verbs• So amō, amāre, amavī, amatus looks

like this:

Singular Plural

1st Person amo amamus

2nd Person amas amatis

3rd Person amat amant

How to translate verbs• The present tense has three possible translations in

English; – amō may be: I love, I am loving, or I do love– amas may be: you love, you are loving, you do love– amat may be: he/she/it loves, h/s/i is loving, h/s/i

does love– amamus may be: we love, we are loving, we do love– amatis may be: you love, you are loving, you do love (y’all

in TX)– amant may be: they love, they are loving, they do love

Let’s try with habeo• habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus

Singular Plural

1st Person habeō habemus

2nd Person habes habetis

3rd Person habet habent

Let’s try with porto• portō, portāre, portāvī, portatus

Singular Plural

1st Person portō portamus

2nd Person portas portatis

3rd Person portat portant

Let’s try with rideo• rīdeo, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsus

Singular Plural

1st Person rideō ridemus

2nd Person rides ridetis

3rd Person ridet rident

Let’s try with clamo• clāmō, clāmāre, clāmavī, clāmatus

Singular Plural

1st Person clamō clamamus

2nd Person clamas clamatis

3rd Person clamat clamant

Let’s try with video• videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus

Singular Plural

1st Person videō videmus

2nd Person vides videtis

3rd Person videt vident

Let’s try with sedeo• sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessus

Singular Plural

1st Person sedeō sedemus

2nd Person sedes sedetis

3rd Person sedet sedent