verbs and tenses (para fotocópias)

7/29/2019 Verbs and Tenses (Para fotocpias)

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Verbs (Verbos)

In the English Language, many words canperform more than one function.

For instance, in the following sentences, theunderlined words can be referred to as nouns

because they perform the function of namingthings.- I have lost my comb.- Water is one of the necessities of life.

However, in the following sentences, the samewords can be referred to as verbs because theyperform the function of expressing actions.

- I comb my hair every morning.- Do ou water our lants once a week?11


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Verb forms

English verbs may have different forms, dependingon the subject of the verb, and depending on whenthe action expressed by the verb takes place.

The different verb forms which indicate when theaction expressed by a verb takes place are

usually referred to as tenses.

- We always walk to work.- We walked to work yesterday.

In the first sentence, the verb walkis in the SimplePresent tense. In the second sentence, the verbwalked is in the Simple Past tense.Present tenses are usually used to express actions

which are taking place in the present; whereas pasttenses are usuall used to ex ress actions which took22


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Lets start with the most basic AuxiliaryVerbs(Verbos auxiliares)

An auxiliary verb is a verb that gives furthersemantic or syntactic information about amain or full verb.

In the english language, there are threecommon auxiliary verbs. They are:

to be (ser ou estar);to do (fazer);to have (ter ou haver)

(NOTE: These verbs may also be used on their own:be, do, have) 33
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb


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Auxiliary VerbsSimplePresentTense

(Presente doIndicativo)

(O verbo "to be" em ingls equivalente aos verbos

"ser"e "estar"em portugus.)

A sua conjugao no simple present(presente do indicativo) a seguinte:

Eu sou/estou I am

Tu s/ests You are

Ele/ela/aquilo /est He/she/it is

Ns somos/estamos We are

Vs sois/estais You are

Eles/elas so/esto They are

Formas Negativas: AM NOT, ISNT,

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Sintetizando Simple PresentTense

(Presente do

Indicativo)AM, IS, ARE so as formas do verbo TOBE no Simple Present tense

SINGULAR1 pessoa I - AM

2 pessoa You - ARE3 pessoa He - IS3 pessoa She - IS3 pessoa It - IS

PLURAL1 pessoa We - ARE2 pessoa You - ARE3 pessoa They - ARE

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Verbo To be Simple Present (Presente)

Forma sem

contrao

Forma contrada Traduo

AfirmativaI am

You are

He/She/It isWe/You/They are

ImYoure

Hes/Shes/ItsWere/Youre/Theyre

Eu sou/estouTu s/ests

Etc.

NegativaI am not

You are not

He/She/It is not

We/You/They are not 66


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Lets do some short exercisesusing

the simple present tense of the

verb to be?

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Exerccioindividual: 4A

Auxiliary VerbsSimplePresentTense



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Auxiliary VerbsSimple Past

Tense(PretritoPerfeito)A conjugao do verbo to be nosimplepast (tempo passado - pretrito perfeito) a

seguinte:

Eu era/estava (fui/estive) I wasTu foste/estiveste You were

Ele/ela/aquilo era/estava(foi/esteve)

He/she/it was

Ns eramos/estavamos(fomos/estivemos)

We were

Vs reis/estveis(fostes/estivestes)

You were

Eles/elas eram/estavam They wereFormas Negativas: WASNT, WERENT88


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Sintetizando

WAS, WERE, ARE so as formas do verboTO BE no Simple Past tense

SINGULAR1 pessoa I - WAS

2 pessoa You - WERE3 pessoa He - WAS3 pessoa She - WAS3 pessoa It - WAS

PLURAL1 pessoa We - WERE2 pessoa You - WERE3 pessoa They - WERE

Simple PastTense

(Pretrito Perfeito

Tempo Passado)

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Forma sem contrao Forma contrada Traduo

AfirmativaI was

You were

He/She/It wasWe/You/They are

(No h contrao)Eu era

Tueras/estavas

Etc.

NegativaI was not

You were notHe/She/It was notWe/You/They were

not

I wasntYou werent

He/she/it wasntWe/You/They

werent

Eu noera/estava

Tu noeras/estavas

Etc.

Interrogativa

Was I? Eu

Verbo To be Simple Past (Passado)

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the simple past tense of the verb

to be?

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Exerccioindividual: 4B

Simple Past Tense(Pretrito Perfeito Tempo Passado)


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Review exercises:simple present/past tenses of the verb to

be?Am, is, are, was, were

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1 When I _____ born, I weighed only 2.8 kg.

2 Dad ____ very tired when he came home last night.

3 It ___ nice and warm today, but it ____ cold

yesterday.4 Adam ___ with his friends last night.5 I ____ very tired yesterday, but I ____ all right now.

6 They ____ surprised when they saw me.

7 Dont make any decision if you ____ not very sure.8 I didnt buy the shoes because they ____ expensive.

9 My grandfather passed away when he ____ 85.

10 Where ____ you just now?


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NOTA:

No ingls para pr os verbos no infinitivo necessrio

colocar o TO antes do verbo.

Se deixarmos apenas o verbo BE, por exemplo, esteficar no imperativo = s!, seja!, sejamos!, sede!,sejam!, esteja!, estejam!...

Outros exemplos:To sing = cantar;To love = amar;To drive = conduzir

(E todos os outros verbos).

Nestes casos, o TO, no tem traduo apenas servepara colocar o verbo no infinitivo.

(Ateno: No confundir este to com a preposio

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Other forms/tenses

ofthe verb to be

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Forma semcontrao

Forma contrada Traduo

AfirmativaI/You will be

He/She/It will beWe/You/Theywill be

Ill/Youll be

He/She/Itll beWell/Youll/Theyll be

Eu serei/estarei

Tu sers/estarsEtc.

NegativaI/You will not be

He/She/It willnot be

We/You/They

will not be

Ill/Youll not be(I/you wont be)

Hell/Shell/Itll not be(He/she/it wont be)

Well/Youll/Theyll

Eu noserei/estarei

Tu nosers/estars

Etc.

Verbo To be Simple Future (Futuro dopresente)

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Somesimplefuture

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Forma sem contrao Forma contrada Traduo

Afirmativa

I /you would beHe/She/It would beWe/You/They would

be

Id/youd beHed/Shed/Itd beWed/Youd/Theyd

be

Euseria/estariaTu

serias/estariasEtc.

NegativaI /You would not beHe/She/It would not

beWe You The would

I/you wouldnt beHe/she/it wouldnt

beWe/ ou/the

Eu noseria/estaria

Tu noserias/estarias

Verbo To be Conditional (Futuro dopretrito)

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Someconditional

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Gerndio being Sendo/estando

(Exmpls.)

We arebeing

followed.

Particpio been Sido/estado

It wouldhave been

too late!

Imperativo Be!S!/sede!Sejam!/est!/estejam

!

beJust yoursel!

Verbo To be Verbals (Formas nominais)

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Presente Passado Futuro Condicional

I amYou are

He isShe isIt is

We areYou are

They are

I wasYou were

He wasShe wasIt was

We wereYou were

They were

I will (shall)be

You will beHe will beShe will beIt will be

We will be

You will beThey will be

I would(should) be

You would beHe would beShe would beIt would beWe would

(should) beYou would beThey would be

ImperativoGerndio PartcipioPassado Infinitivo

Resuming The verb To be

2020


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The interrogative and negative

forms of the verb to be?

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Exerccioindividual: 4C


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SimplePresentTense


(O verbo "to do" em ingls equivalente ao verbo

fazerem portugus.)

A sua conjugao no simple present(presente do indicativo) a seguinte:

I do Fao

You do Fazes

He/She/It does Faz

We do FazemosYou do Fazeis

They do Fazem

Formas Negativas: I/You dont - He/She/It doesnt -We You The dont

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Simple PastTense

(Pretrito

Perfeito)

A sua conjugao no simple past(presente do

indicativo) a seguinte:I did FizYou did Fizeste

He/She/It did Fez

We did Fizemos

You did Fizestes

They did Fizeram

Formas Negativas: I/You/He/She/It/ We/You/They didnt

NOTA: The Present Perfect Tense of the verb to do =DONE (Fiz/Fizeste/Feito/Fizeram)

Para form-lo, use o verbo auxiliar have/has/has + o particpiopassado do verbo do, que : done.

I/you/we/you/they have done - He/she/it has done2323


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the simple present and past forms

of the verbto do?

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Exerccioindividual: 4D


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SimplePresentTense


(O verbo "to have" em ingls equivalente ao verbo

terem portugus.)A sua conjugao no simple present(presente do indicativo) a seguinte:

Forma contrada

I have Ive Tenho

You have Youve Tens

He/She/It has Hes/Shes/Its Tem

We have Weve Temos

You have Youve Tendes

They have Theyve TmFormas Negativas: I/You havent - He/She/It hasnt -

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A sua conjugao no simple past(pretrito

perfeito) a seguinte:

Simple PastTense

(Pretrito

Perfeito)

I had TiveYou had Tiveste

He/She/It had Teve

We had Tivemos

You had Tivestes

They had TiveraFormas Negativas: I/You/He/She/It/ We/You/They hadnt2626


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of the verbto have?

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Exerccioindividual: 4E


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General exercise usingauxiliary verbs

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Exercise 1: Ask an appropriate question for thegiven response

and identifying the auxiliary verbused in each case.

1. A steak, please.2. Oh, I stayed at home and watched tv.3. She is reading a book at the moment.4. We are going to visit France.5. I usually get up at 7 o'clock.6. No, he is single.7. For about 2 years.8. I was washing up when he arrived.


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At agora vimos alguns tempos verbais,essencialmente, dos verbos auxiliares.Agora vamos ver os TEMPOS VERBAIS

(Tenses)dos verbos em geral + algumas regras desua formao.

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TEMPOS VERBAIS:


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O Simple Present (Presente do Indicativo) usado

paradescrever hbitos, acontecimentos

repetidos, costumes e factos de veracidade.

I Want Quero

You Want QueresHe/She/It

Wants * Quer

We Want Queremos

You Want QuereisThey Want Querem

* Na maioria dos verbos acrescenta-se s base do verbo na 3 pessoa do singular.

TEMPOS VERBAIS:(Presente do Indicativo)

TEMPOS VERBAIS:


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TEMPOS VERBAIS:(Presente do Indicativo)

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Outro caso

I Go Vou

You Go VaisHe/She/It

Goes ** Vai

We Go Vamos

You Go IdesThey go Vo

** Quando a base termina em o, ss, sh,

ch, x, z, acrescenta-se es na 3

TEMPOS VERBAIS: SIMPLE PRESENT


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Outro caso

I Cry Chora

You Cry ChorasHe/She/It

Cries *** Chora

We Cry Choramos

You Cry ChoraisThey Cry Choram

*** No caso de um verbo terinado em yantecedido de uma vogal, acrescenta-se s 3 pessoa do singular. No caso de um verbo

TEMPOS VERBAIS: SIMPLE PRESENT(Presente do Indicativo)

TEMPOS VERBAIS: PRESENT CONTINUOUS


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Im

* playing/waiting

Youre

Hes

Shes

Its

Were

YoureTheyre

* O presente progressivo formado com o

presente do verbo To be + a forma ing doverbo. Acresenta-se o sufixo in na maioria

TEMPOS VERBAIS: PRESENT CONTINUOUS(Presente Progressivo)

O Present Continuous (Presente Progressivo) descreveaes ou eventos que esto a decorrer no

momento em que se fala. Tambm usado paradescrever situaes e aes temporrias.



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Im

** writing / dancing

Youre

Hes

ShesIts

Were

Youre

Theyre

** Se um verbo terminar em e, omitimos o ee acrescentamos ing.

Esta regra no se aplica aos verbos terminados


Outro caso



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Im

*** swimming /beginning

Youre

Hes

ShesIts

Were

Youre

Theyre

*** Um verbo com uma vogal entre duasconsoantes, dobra a ltima consoante

antes de acrescentar ing.


Outro caso



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Im

**** lying / dying

Youre

Hes

ShesIts

Were

Youre

Theyre

**** Num verbo com uma terminao ie,omitimos o ie e acrescenta-se y

antes de ing.


Outro caso

TEMPOS VERBAIS: ense


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Utiliza-se o Pretrito Perfeito para falar de aes,situaes ou eventos que ocorreram e terminaram no

passado. Preocupamo-nos em saber quando a aoocorreu e no a sua durao.To play I Played

A forma

igual paratodas aspessoas

To

arrive

You Arrived

To work He Worked

To wait She Waited

Todance

It Danced

To stop We StoppedA terminao dos verbos regulares sempre ed.

: ense(Pretrito Perfeito)

TEMPOS VERBAIS:


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O Passado Progressivo usado para descreveraes ou situaes que estavam a decorrer num

tempo indefinido no passado (s vezes no se sabe sea ao foi terminada ou no).I Was PlayingSpeakingWriting

ArrivingSwimming

Chatting

LyingTying

You Were

He Was

She WasIt Was

We Were

You WereThey Were

O passado progressivo formado com o passado do

verbo to be + a forma (sufixo) ing do verbo.

:(Passado Progressivo)

TEMPOS VERBAIS:


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O Presente Perfeito usado de duas maneiras emIngls:1. Descreve uma ao que iniciou no passado e

tem continuao at ao momento presente (epossivelmente no futuro);

2. Refere-se a aes que ocorreram (ou no) numtempo no especfico no passado com alguma

ligao ao presente.

(Formacontrada)

I Ive Waited

Arrived

Worked

Stopped

Written

Swum

BegunSpoken

You Youve

He Hes

She Shes

It Its

We Weve

You Youve

They Theyve

O Presente Perfeito formado com o presente do verbo to have + o particpiopassado do verbo (vr ltima coluna). Para os verbos regulares, a sua forma no

particpio passado igual sua forma no passado.Para os verbos irregulares, o passado e o particpio passado podem ser formados

de vrias maneiras. Ex: drink drank drunk o went one see saw

:(Presente Perfeito)

TEMPOS VERBAIS: (Futuro


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O Futuro Simples usado para prever eventos, ouseja, diz respeito ao que a pessoa pensa vir a

acontecer. (Formacontrada)

I Will Ill Work

Stay

GoArrive

Ask

Send

Play

You Will Youll

He Will HellShe Will Shell

It Will Itll

We Will Well

You Will YoullThey Will Theyll

O Futuro Simples formado, basicamente, com will + o verbo.A negativa de will will not = wont (forma contrada).

(Will utilizado para todas as pessoas.)

:Simples)


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of the verbto have?

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Exerccioindividual: 4F


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Verbos irregularesNo Ingls, os verbos irregulares so aqueles que noseguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e doParticpio Passado. A formao do Past e do PastParticiple, de acordo com a regra geral, que se aplica atodos os demais verbos (regulares), efectua-se atravsdo acrescento do sufixo ed. Consequentemente,

todo verbo que no seguir este padro, serclassificado de irregular.

(Ver folha)


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exercise

Write a short autobiography referring anddescribing:

some past and present events/happenings inyour life;

things you enjoyed and presently enjoy doingand others you would like to do or achieve inthe future.

Use as many verbs and verb tenses as 4343


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Grads enter uncertain jobmarket College graduation brings

both the satisfaction ofacademic achievement and theexpectation of a well-paying job.

But for six thousand graduatesat San Jose State this year,there's uncertainty as they enterone of the worst job markets indecades. Ryan Stewart has a

freshly minted degree in

NEWS AND

GOSSIP

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE

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Grads enter uncertain jobmarket"You look at everybody's parents and neighbors, andthey're getting laid off and don't have jobs," said Stewart."Then you look at the young people just coming into theworkforce... it's just scary."

When the class of 2003 entered college the future neverlooked brighter. But in the four years they've been here,the world outside has changed dramatically.

"Those were the exciting times, lots of dot-comopportunities, exploding offers, students getting top dollar

with lots of benefits," said Cheryl Allmen-Vinnidge, of theSan ose State Career Center. "Times have chan ed. It's a

NEWS AND

GOSSIP

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE

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Grads enter uncertain jobmarketCheryl Allmen ought to know. She runs the San Jose StateCareer Center (it is) sort of a crossroads between college and thereal world. Allmen says students who do find jobs after collegehave done their homework.

"The typical graduate who does have a job offer started

working on it two years ago. They've postured themselves wellduring the summer. They've had several internships," she said.

And they've majored in one of the few fields that are still hot-- like chemical engineering, accounting, or nursing -- whereaverage starting salaries have actually increased over last year.

Other popular fields (like information systems management,com uter science, and olitical science) have seen bi declines

NEWS AND

GOSSIP

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE

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Grads enter uncertain jobmarketRyan Stewart (he had hoped to become a teacher) mayjust end up going back to school."I'd like to teach college some day and that requires moreschooling, which would be great in a bad economy," he

said.To some students a degree may not be ticket to instantwealth. For now, they can only hope its value will increaseover time.

NEWS AND

GOSSIP

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE

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Grads enter uncertain jobmarketFollow-up Notes

San Jose State University is in San Jose, California

A dot com is a company whose operations are mostly Internet-based. The term comes from the Internet address of suchcompanies. For example, www.microsoft.com is read as w-w-wdot microsoft dot com. In the 1990s thousands of new dot comsstarted up, opening up work opportunities for many thousands of

college graduates. Many of these companies eventually failed.

NEWS AND

GOSSIP

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE

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Russell Rollins was a perfect, healthy, happy baby until he was15 months old. Then he got his measles, mumps and rubellashots. He's never been the same since.

That was ten years ago. Russell had a very intense reaction tothe vaccines. He screamed and cried in a high-pitched voice fordays. After that, he seemed to have no energy or interest inanything. He became autistic.

Autism affects the way the nerves in the brain develop. Autismmakes it harder for children to learn and understand new things.Autistic children have a very hard time dealing with changes intheir lives. They often repeat the same sounds over and over,and are not very interested in talking to other people. Manyautistic children even try to avoid looking at other people.

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES

Links betweenChild Vaccines and

Autism?

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Being the parent of an autistic child is so very painful anddifficult that Russell's father said"...it's a living hell." And heknows his son suffers much more than he does.

School is very hard for autistic kids. They need a lot of extra helpand support. The director at one school for autistic children saidthat the number of autistic students is rising. Ten years ago,about one in 10,000 children became autistic. Now as many as

one in every 250 children become autistic. Many parents want toknow what is causing this problem. But no one has the answersyet.

Rick Rollins thinks the mumps, measles and rubella vaccine isconnected. He said, "Thirty-three percent of new families withchildren with autism believe the vaccine played a role in the

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES

5151


Autism?


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But a recent study in Denmark found no links betweenvaccinations and autism. Robert Byrd (sounds like "bird") is achildren's doctor in the United States who studies the causes ofdiseases. He doesn't believe the measles vaccine is a problem. But

he says people have good reason to be concerned about what is insome vaccinations.

Last year, vaccine companies quit adding mercury to theirproducts. Byrd thinks the change is good. Mercury was used tokeep vaccines fresh longer. He said it is a bad idea to includesomething that could be harmful in a vaccine that is supposed toprotect people.

Russell Rollin's father knows vaccines are only one possible causeof autism. But no matter what the cause, Rick Rollins worries

WORLD

EXCLUSIVES


Autism?

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