Verbal Reasoning

Blue Lotus

Verbal ReasoningVerbal Ability is to understand the Prose and to work with Specialized and Technical VocabularyVerbal Ability falls under following categories: *Synonyms * Antonyms * Analogy * Sentence Completions * Reading Comprehensions * Spotting Errors * Idioms

Primary Words:

Formation Of Words

Example : Run, Go, Do.

Compound Words :

Example : Moonlight, Sweetheart, Spendthrift, Drawing room, Downfall.

Primary Derivatives:

Example : Breach (N) from break (V), Glaze from (V) Glass (N)

Secondary Derivatives:

Prefix - a, ab, un, mis. Suffix - ful, less, ati, ism

Formation Of Words

Root Words

Greek Roots:

chron -

morph -

pan -

neo -

pyr -

astro -

time

form

all

new

fire

star

Root Words Greek Roots:

Example

chronicle -

Metamorphosis -

Panorama -

Neologism -

pyrotechnics -

astronaut -

historical record

change of form

an all round view

new word or meaning

relating to fireworks

space traveler

Root Words

Greek Roots:

ped -

soma -

gam -

theo -

onym -

path -

phil -

child

body

marriage

god

name

feeling

to love

Root Words

Pediatrician - somatic -monogamy -theomacy -toponym -Sympathy -

Philosophy -

doctor who treats childof bodymarried to one personbattle among god word derived from name of placeCompassion for someone else’s painlove of wisdom

Root Words

Greek Roots:

poly -

bibli -

misein -

logy -

archy/ cracy -

psyche -

many

book

to hate

study of

rule by

mind, spirit, soul

Root Words

Greek Roots: Example

polyglot -

bibliophile -

misogamist -

graphology -

theocracy -

psychosis -

competent in many languages

book seller

one who hates marriage

study of handwriting

rule by gods

a mental disorder

Root Words Latin Roots:cede, ceed, cess -

brev -

nihil -

omni -

cide -

nec -

dorm, somn -

go / movement

short

nothing/abolish

all

to kill

death

to sleep

Root Words

Latin Roots:recede -

breviary -

Annihilate -

Omniscient -

filicide -

necrology -

dormant -

go back

summary

kill, reduce to nothing

all knowing

killing of children

list of the dead, obituary

asleep

Root WordsLatin Roots:luc -loqu/locut -bene -mal -cred -bel -vor -scribe -

lightto speakgoodbadbelievewareatto write

Root Words

Latin Roots:elucidate -solilquy -beneficial -malevolent -credulous -antebellum -omnivore -describe -

make clearspeaking alonegood forharmful, wanting to cause harmready to believepreceding a warwho eats everythingwrite in detail

Root Words

Latin Roots:later - sidemagni - largerect - straightDoc - to teachflect - to bendfract - break tract/ tang - touchverto - to turn

Root WordsLatin Roots:bilateral - sidemagnify - greatness of sizerectify - straighten or to correctdoctrine - rule or principlegenuflect - Bend in a gesture of respectfracture - breakintact - untouchedambivert - to turn your thoughts in both direction

Antonym

• Think of a Context.

• Carefully Read the given Choices.

• Consider Secondary Meaning as well as Primary

Meaning.

• Breakdown Unfamiliar Words into Recognizable

parts.

• Eliminate the Choices for Answer.

Example:1Industrious:

a) Stupid

b) Harsh

c) Indolent

d) Complex

e) Inexpensive

Antonym

Answer:

c) Indolent ( lazy, lethargic, idle)

Example:2

Belittle

a) Lessen

b) Intensity

c) Compliment

d) Begrudge

e) Fawn

Antonym

Answer:

c) Compliment

Example:3

Debilitate

a) Discharge

b) Strengthen

c) Undermine

d) Squelch

e) Delete

Antonym

Answer:

b) Strengthen

Example:4

Maladroit

a) Ill-willed

b) Dexterous

c) Cowardly

d) Enduring

e) Sluggish

Antonym

Answer:

b) Dexterous

Example:5

Prim

a) Enormous

b) Unsuitable

c) Arid

d) Healthy

e) Slight

Antonym

Answer:

b) Unsuitable

Example:6

Work through the choices, turning each into its opposite:

Carnala) Sensualb) Auralc) Orald) Unusuale) Spiritual

Antonym

Answer:

e) Spiritual

Example:7

Alleviate:

a) Alienate

b) Worsen

c) Revitalize

d) Aerate

e) Elevate

Antonym

Answer:

b) Worsen

Example:8

Precipitate:

a) Candid

b) Erratic

c) Cautious

d) Generous

e) Shallow

Antonym

Answer:

a) Cautious

Example:9

PERSPICUITY (Eloquence ,clarity):

a) madden.

b) disturbance.

c) articulacy.

d) vagueness.WIPRO 2008

Antonym

Answer :

d) Vagueness

Example:10

Veracity

a) flaw

b) restlessness

c) dishonesty

d) reliable

(INFOSYS 2008)

Antonym

Answer :

c) dishonesty

Example:11

Disregarded (a) heed (b) hopeful(c) evade(d) dense

(Satyam)

Antonym

Answer:

(a) heed

Example:12

Obviate(a) becloud(b) necessitate(c) rationalize(d) execute

(Satyam)

Antonym

Answer:

(b) necessitate

Example:13

Superficial(a)  profound(b) exaggerated(c) subjective(d) spirited

(satyam)

Antonym

Answer:

(a)  profound

Example:14

ABJURE

a. Blaspheme

b. Champion

c. Gesticulate

d. Mitigate (TCS)

Antonym

Answer:

(b) Champion

Example:15

PRODIGAL

a. Bountiful

b. Dependent

c. Provident

d. Superfluous (TCS)

Antonym

Answer:

c. Provident

Example:16

Catholic

a) Uncharitable

b) Reticent

c) Specialized

d) Irreverent

e) Reckless

Antonym

Answer:

c) Specialized

Example:17Slothful

a) Credulous

b) Highly skilled

c) Without resources

d) Sprightly

Antonym

Answer:

d) Sprightly

Example:18

Laconic

a) Sullen

b) Handsome

c) Verbose

d) Sharp memory

Antonym

Answer:

c) Verbose

Example:19

Solicitous

a) Mild

b) Showing no concern for

c) Grateful

d) Cheerful

Antonym

Answer:

b) showing no concern for

Example:20

Opprobrium

a) Very easy

b) Suspenseful

c) Modern

d) Praise

Antonym

Answer:

d) Praise

Synonym

• Think of a Context.

• Carefully Read the given Choices.

• Consider Secondary Meaning as well as

Primary Meaning.

• Breakdown Unfamiliar Words into

Recognizable parts.

• Eliminate the Choices for Answer.

Example:1

Astute:

a) Sheer

b) Noisy

c) Astral

d) Unusual

e) Clever

Synonym

Answer:

a) Clever

Example:2

Cliché

(a) Increase

(b) Vehicle

(c) Morale

(d) Platitude

(e) Pique

Synonym

Answer:

a) Platitude

Example:3

Genuflect:

a) Falsify

b) Trick

c) Project

d) Bend the Knee

e) Pronounce Correctly

Synonym

Answer:

d) Bend the Knee

Example:4

Innocuous:

a) Not capable

b) Not dangerous

c) Not eager

d) Not frank

e) Not peaceful

Synonym

Answer:

b) Not dangerous

Example:5

Heterodox

a) Retrospective

b) Outgoing

c) Patience

d) Contrary to accepted belief. (TCS 2008)

Synonym

Answer :

d) contrary to accepted belief.

Example:6

EMANCIPATE       

(a) Set free

(b) Take back

(c) Make worse

(d) Embolden (TCS)

Synonym

Answer:

a) Set free

Example:7

REPUGNANCE

(a) Belligerence

(b) Tenacity

(c) Pity

(d) Loathing (TCS)

Synonym

Answer:

(a) Loathing

Example:8

AWRY

(a) Recommended

(b) Commiserating

(c) Startled

(d) Crooked (TCS)

Synonym

Answer:

(a) Crooked

Example:9

Minion

(a) Monster

(b) Quorum

(c) Majority

(d) Host

(e) Dependant (Caritor)

Synonym

Answer:

e) Dependant

Example:10

Vigilance

(a) Bivouac

(b) Guide

(c) Watchfulness

(d) Mob rule

(e) Posse (Caritor)

Synonym

Answer:

c) Watchfulness

Example:11

Exaction

a) Accuracy

b) Left-over portion

c) Act of demanding strictly

d) ignorance

Synonym

Answer:

c) Act of demanding Strictly

Example:12

Strafe

a) To punish

b) To Strengthen

c) To run away

d) To work very hard

Synonym

Answer:

a) To punish

Example:13

Contemporaneous

a) Irritating

b) Artificial

c) A very complicated problem

d) Happening at the same time

Synonym

Answer:

d) Happening at the same time

Example:14

Hiatus

a) Uphill task

b) Distant Place

c) Fading memory

d) Gap

Synonym

Answer:

d) Gap

Example:15

Exacerbate

a) To make something more severe

b) To cause artificial shortage

c) To assume false importance

d) To flatter

Synonym

Answer:

a) To make something more severe

Example:16

Modicum

a) Basic

b) Pertaining to earlier times

c) Small quantity

d) Annoying weather

Synonym

Answer:

c) Small quantity

Example:17

Factitious

a) Humorous

b) Truthful

c) Artificial

d) Causing fatigue

Synonym

Answer:

c) Artificial

Example:18

Delectation

a) Enjoyment

b) Envy

c) Inspiration

d) astuteness

Synonym

Answer:

a) Enjoyment

Example:19

Fidelity

a) Powerful

b) Faithfulness

c) Paucity

d) Stinking

Synonym

Answer:

b) Faithfulness

Example:20

Nascent

a) Obnoxious

b) Incipient

c) Pleasant

d) kingdom

Synonym

Answer:

b) Incipient

Analogy• Relationship - two Words in the Pair.

• Similar or Parallel Relationship - Different Pair of Words.

• Direction of Flow.

• Relationship in the Original pair - Specific and Precise.

Tactics

• State the relationship - Capitalized Words e.

• More than one answer - Narrower Approach.

• Consider Secondary Meaning as well Primary Meaning.

• Familiarize - Common Analogy types.

Analogy Types1. Definition

2. Defining Characteristic

3. Class and Members

4. Antonyms

5. Synonyms

6. Part to Whole

7. Function

8. Manner

Analogy Types

9. Action & its Significance

10. Worker and Article Created

11. Worker and Tool

12. Worker and Action

13. Sex

14. Symbol

Example 1

Friction: Abrasion ::

a) Sterility: Cleanliness

b) Dam: Flood

c) Heat: Evaporation

d) Literacy: Ignorance

Analogy

Answer:

c) Heat: Evaporation

Example 2 Vernacular : place : :  ? : Fingerprint a) Articulacy b) Identical c) different d) martial

(Infosys 2008)

Analogy

Answer :

b) Identical

Example 3

Listless: Excite::

a) Stuffy: Brag

b) Skeptical: Convince

c) Industrious: Produce

d) Scholarly: Instruct

Analogy

Answer:

b) Skeptical: Convince

Example 4

Teeth : Mouth : : Brain: ?

a) Heart

b) Lungs

c) Skull

d) Body

Analogy

Answer:

a) Skull

Example 5

Slur : Speech : : Smudge :

a) tongue

b) clear

c) writing

d) language (CTS 2007)

Analogy

Answer:

c) Writing

Problem 8

Crow : boastful ::

(a) smirk : witty(b) conceal : sky(c) pout : sulky(d) blush : coarse(e) bluster : unhappy

Analogy

Answer:

(a) smirk : witty

Problem 9

Lumber: Bear ::

a) Roost : henb) Bray : donkeyc) Waddle : goosed) Swoop : hawke) Chirp : sparrow

Analogy

Answer:

(a) Roost : hen

Problem 10

Gullible : duped :: 

a) Credible : cheatedb) Careful : cautionedc) Malleable : mouldedd) Myopic : misleade) Articulate : silenced

Analogy

Answer:

a) Credible : cheated

Problem 11

Eternal: End :: 

a) Precursory : Beginning

b) Grammatical : Sentence

c) Invaluable : Worth

d) Frenetic : Movement

e) Implausible : credibility

Analogy

Answer:

e) Implausible : credibility

Problem 12

Dolphin: Mammal :: 

a) Larva : Insect

b) Penguin : Bird

c) Sonnet : Stanza

d) Computer : Machine

e) Peninsula : Island

Analogy

Answer:

b) Penguin : Bird

Problem 13

Green: Experience :: 

a) Ungainly : Grace

b) Rank : Knowledge

c) Indolent : Laziness

d) Impassioned : Ardor

e) Dispirited : Despondence

Analogy

Answer:

d) Impassioned : Ardor

Problem 14

Contrition: Penitent:: 

a) Caution : Driver

b) Speculation : Philosopher

c) Obstinacy : Athlete

d) Sanguinity : Partner

e) Wisdom : sage

Analogy

Answer:

e) Wisdom : sage

Problem 15

Disarm: Weapons

(a) Limit : Abilities

(b) Soothe : difficulties

(c) Restrain : Movement

(d) Disguise : Identify

(e) Usurp : Power

Analogy

Answer:

(e) Usurp : Power

Problem 16

Stone: Sculptor

a) Brick : House

b) Words : Poet

c) Bust : Portrait

d) Scalpel : Surgeon

e) Mine : Ore

Analogy

Answer:

b) Words : Poet

Problem 17

Shearing: Wool

a) Shredding : Paper

b) Breathing : Wine

c) Trimming : Hedge

d) Reaping : Grain

e) Weaving : Silk

Analogy

Answer:

d) Reaping : Grain

Problem 18

Synopsis: Condensed

a) Digression : Repeated

b) Mystery : Enticing

c) Excursion : Pleasant

d) Antiquity : Forgotten

e) Plagiarism : Pirated

Analogy

Answer:

e) Plagiarism : Pirated

Problem 19

Admonish: Counsel::

a) Mollify : Intensity

b) Necessitate : Generosity

c) Enervate : Vitality

d) Manufacture : Opinion

e) Remunerate : Payment

Analogy

Answer:

d) Manufacture : Opinion

Problem 20

Countermand: Order::

a) Corroborate : Document

b) Restate : Claim

c) Reopen : Investigation

d) Prejudice : Testimony

e) Revoke : License

Analogy

Answer:

e) Revoke : License

Sentence CompletionIt tests yourAbility to use Vocabularya)Ability to Recognize Logical b)Consistency among the Elements in a Sentence

What makes SC difficult Vocabulary :

Use of words like Nonplussed, Harbingers, Eclectic

Use of Secondary Meanings

Example : Economy – Restrain Toy – Dally

Cont…

B. Grammatical complexity :

They includes entire range of Grammatical Possibilities. Use of Clauses, Prepositional Phrases, Gerunds etc. in a Convoluted Manner.

C. Tone :

Writers Attitude towards the Subject Matter i.e ironic, playful, skeptical, somber etc.

Cont…

Sentence Completion

Sentence CompletionStyle : Ideas maybe expressed in different manners, Ornately or

Sparely, Poetically or Prosaically, formally or informally etc. An author’s style depends on such details as word Choice, Imagery Repetition, Rhythm, Sentence Structures and Length.

Thought extenders - Continue the idea

Thought contrasters - Reverse the idea

Cont…

Signal Words :

additionally althoughalso butand despiteas well neverthelessbesides in spite offurthermore on the contrarymoreover stilltoo whilelikewise which

illogicallysurprisinglyparadoxicallyunexpectedly

Sentence Completion

Tactics• Read the Sentence ,think of a word – makes sense.• Look at all possible answers.• In Double blank- options-testing the first word in

each choice.• Watch for Single Word that link one part of the

Sentence to another.• Break down Complex Sentences - Simpler

Components.• Check whether the Metaphor controls the Choice

of Words.

Example:1

Because of experience had convinced her that he was both self-seeking and avaricious, she rejected the likelihood that his donation had been ______.a)Redundantb)Frivolousc)Inexpensived)Ephemerale)Altruistic

Sentence Completion

Answer:

e) “Altruistic” (unselfish, selfless).

Example: 2

If you are trying to make a strong impression on your audience, you cannot do so by being understated, tentative, or ______.

a)Hyperbolic

b)Restrained

c)Argumentative

d)Authoritative

e)Passionate

Sentence Completion

Answer:

b) “Restrained” ( controlled, in control of yourself).

Example: 3Despite the mixture’s________ nature, we found that by lowering its temperature in the laboratory we could dramatically reduce its tendency to vaporize.a)Resilientb)Volatilec)Homogeneousd)Insipide)Acerbic

( INFOSYS 2008)

Sentence Completion

Answer :

b) Volatile (Explosive, Hot-tempered)

Example:4In a happy, somewhat boisterous celebration of the European discovery of America, the major phase of the Columbus Cinquecentennial got off to ______ start on Friday.

a) a slow.b) A rousing.c) a reluctantd) an indifferent. e) a quiet.

Accenture 2007

Sentence Completion

Answer :

b) a Rousing

Example:5 We are ___ the intellects of the past; or rather, like

children we take it for granted that somebody must supply us with our supper and our _____ .

a) Ungrateful to …. Ideas.b) Dependent on … reposec) Unfaithful to … needsd) Fortunate in …. Allowancee) Generous to …. wants

Sentence Completion

Answer:

a) Ungrateful to …. Ideas.

Example:6Sharmi is always late she never comes___ time 

a) at 

b) with in

c) on

d) Before (Wipro)

Sentence Completion

Answer:

c) on

Example:7It is very nice. before I came here I didn't see it _________a) any where 

b) anyone 

c) every one  

d) every where(Wipro)

Sentence Completion

Answer:

a) any where

Example:8Tennyson was a well-loved poet; no other poet since has been so ____ .

a). lionized

b). attacked

c). decried

d). poetical

e). abhorred

Sentence Completion

Answer:

A. lionized

Example:9Harding was unable to ____ the results of the survey; although entirely unexpected, the figures were obtained by a market research firm with an ____ reputation.

a). accept - peerless b). discount - impeccable

c). fault-mediocre d). counter - unenviable

e). believe - fine

Sentence Completion

Answer:

B. discount - impeccable

Example:10Many so-called social playwrights are distinctly ____ ; rather than allowing the members of the audience to form their own opinions, these writers force a viewpoint on the viewer.

a). conciliatory b). prolific c). iconoclastic d). didactic e). contumacious

Sentence Completion

Answer:

D. didactic

Example - 11In American film, some character actors have found it _____ to gain widespread recognition, although within the smaller community of actors, directors, and producers they are highly regarded.

a)Difficultb)Acceptablec)Unsatisfactoryd)Discouraginge)Relatively simple

Sentence Completion

Answer:

a) Difficult

Example - 12Despite the fact that over time the originally antagonistic

response to his sculpture had lessened, to this day, hardly any individuals ____ his art.

a) Applaud

b) Castigate

c) Evaluate

d) Denounce

e) ignore

Sentence Completion

Answer:

a) Applaud

Example - 13In contrast to physicists who base their research on

scientific theory, he modeled his procedure on rigorous ____; so despite the fact that his method was less sophisticated, hid results were ___ sound.

a) Fiction …methodologically

b) abstraction…arguably

c) Intuition … scientifically

d) Observation…factually

Sentence Completion

Answer:

d) Observation…factually

Example - 14Although he asserted his theology was derived from ____

school of thought, it actually utilizes conventions from many religious and so it rightfully could be described as having ____ origins.

a) A particular… diverse

b) A cogent …multitalented

c) A prominent …coherent

d) A single…consonant

Sentence Completion

Answer:

a) A particular… diverse

Example - 15

Although bound to impose the law, a judge is free to use her discretion to ___ the anachronistic ___ of some criminal penalties.

a) Enforce … judiciousness

b) Impose…legally

c) Exacerbate…severity

d) Mitigate…barbarity

Sentence Completion

Answer:

d) Mitigate…barbarity

Example - 16To examine the ___ of importing concepts from one

discipline to enhance another, merely look at the degree to which words from the first may, without distortion, be ___ the second.

a) danger… meaningless for

b) Popularity… created within

c) Etiquette…revitalized by

d) Validity … employed by

Sentence Completion

Answer:

d) Validity … employed by

Example - 17Recent investigation into business and morality reveals the

way in which apparently ____ business decisions, typically lost sight of in the ordinary operations of commerce, in reality ___ moral choices of major importance.

a) unimportant… represent

b) Unreliable…provoke

c) Unparalleled…symbolize

Sentence Completion

Answer:

a) unimportant… represent

Example - 18While many people enjoy observing rituals and customs

not ___ their culture, they _____ participating in them.

a) Sanctioned by… encourage

b) Endemic to …eschew

c) Upheld in…. Condone

d) Central to …relish

e) Accustomed to … avoid

Sentence Completion

Answer:

b) Endemic to …eschew

Example - 19The sparring of the two lawyers appeared ____; however, it is

well known that, outside the courtroom, the friendship between the two is____.

a) pointless…cooperative

b) Hostile…obvious

c) Lighthearted…abrogated

d) Heightened… concealed

e) Brilliant … precluded

Sentence Completion

Answer:

b) Hostile…obvious

Example - 20In radio, a morning broadcasting time often ___ a larger

and more ____ audience and, thus, one that is more appealing to advertisers of expensive products.

a) Demands … attractive

b) Denotes… agreeable

c) Indicates… prosperous

d) Overlooks… practical

Sentence Completion

Answer:

c) Indicates… prosperous

Spotting Errors

• Grammatical Errors form the most Probable Error in Error Spotting exercises.

• Mistakes in Preposition and Tenses is more Common.

Examples1) The car is / almost / the same / like mine.

2) The weather / feels / as / spring.

3) Mary’s job / is as / hard / than Bill’s.

4) Some of the M.P’s absented/ from lok sabha even/ when issues of the highest/ importance were being discussed.

Examples

5) India is one of/ those few countries/ which has maintained

/steady growth rate.

6) Let you and I/ press our minds/ into thinking/ out the best

solution.

7) None of the boys/ who were/ present there came/ for help.

Examples8) Shangai is/bigger than/ any city in/ the world.

9) I shall /leave this /place when /he will come.

10) When I returned /my home from office/ I saw the flower pots are/ broken infront of my home/No error.

(Wipro 2008).

11) The walls are/ now wet/ because yesterday/ it has been raining./ No error. (Wipro 2008).

Examples

12). At the music recital, Alexandra enjoyed listening to her friend Mohammed’s insightful Interpretation, which she thought was more sophisticated than the other performers. No error.

(infosys)13). If one is interested in learning even more about Zora Neale Hurston, you should read Robert Hemingway's biography. No error.

(infosys)

Examples

14. Sponsors of the Olympic games who bought advertising time on united states television includes at least a dozen international firms whose names are familiar to American consumers. No error. (infosys)

15. Originally a protest on conventional painting, the pre-Raphaelite movement exerted great influence on the art of its time. No error. (infosys)

Examples16). In financial matters / it is important to / get

disinterested advice. / no error.

17). Credit cards have / brought about a revolution / in people’s spending habits. / no error.

18). A cogent remark / compels acceptance because / of their sense and logic. / no error.

19). He had been / saved of death as if / by divine intervention. / no error.

Examples20). The film was so disjointed / that I could not tell you / what the

story was about. / no error.

21). Take two spoonful / of this medicine / every three hours. / no error.

22). Some women admit that / their principle goal in life / is to marry a wealthy man. / no error.

23). If the allegations / made against him / are found to be true / he could face rigorous imprisonment. / no error

Examples

24). On discovering that / it was a forgery / he torn up the agreement / he had signed. / no error.

25). With regard to implementation the / details of the proposal / the committee was divided / in its opinion. / no error.

Solution16). In financial matters / it is important to / get neutral advice / no error.

17). Credit cards have / bought about a revolution / in people’s spending habits / no error.

18). A cogent remark / compels acceptance because / of it sense and logic / no error.

19). He had been / saved from death as if / by divine intervention / no error.

Solution20). The film was so disjointed / that I can not tell you / what the

story was about / no error.

21). Take two spoonfuls / of this medicine / every three hours / no error.

22). Some women admit that / their principal goal in life / is to marry a wealthy man / no error.

23). If the allegations / made against him / are found to be true / he could face rigorous imprisonment / no error

Solution

24). On discovering that / it was a forgery / he torn up the agreement / he had signed / no error.

25). With regard to implementation the / details of the proposal / the committee was divided / in its opinion / no error.

Its Tests your Ability to Understand

Content, Technique and your Logical

Interpretation Skills.

Reading Comprehension

• Look carefully at the Parts of Speech specially in the Synonym and Antonym variation questions.

• Look for Secondary Meanings of words if the Primary ones do not seem to fit.

• If the Meaning of a Word is not known, try and place it within a Context, and then see what Sense it makes.

Some Strategies For Use

Tactics

• Tackle Passages with Familiar Subjects before passages with unfamiliar ones.

• First Read the Passage, then Read the Questions.

• Learn to Spot the Major Reading Question types.a) Main idea.b) Finding specific details.c) Inference.d) Application to other situations.e) Tone.f) Technique.g) Vocabulary.

Idioms• Idioms are the Expressions whose Meanings cannot be easily worked out from the words they contain.

• It is Expression in the Sentence.

• It is Different from Slang / Colloquial.

Example:1

The manager’s bark is worse than his bite.

a) He shouts

b) He punishes

c) His action is worse than his speech

d) His speech is worse than action

Idioms

Answer:

a) His speech is worse than action

Example: 2

It is bad to pass the buck on somebody.

a) Infect

b) Inflict

c) Blame

d) Shift responsibility

Idioms

Answer:

a) Shift responsibility

Example:3

Political parties pay back in the same coin when attacked.

a) Pay money to silence

b) Retaliate physically

c) Answer in the same manner

d) Reply differently

Idioms

Answer:

C) Answer in the same manner

Example: 4

The new kid really gets under my skin.

a) The baby is of my complexion

b) The baby is less in colour than I am

c) Baby makes me laugh

d) The baby annoys me a lot

Idioms

Answer:

d) The baby annoys me a lot

Example: 5

If I am wrong on this point, I’ll eat my words

a) I shall change my words.

b) I shall justify.

c) I shall argue.

d) I will admit it.

Idioms

Answer:

d) I will admit it.

Jumbled Order

Types,

Jumbled Words.

Jumbled Sentence.

Example:1A. It was never denied and seemed to be integrated

into the city life.

B. The poverty was there right in the open in all the streets.

C. But, somehow it did not depress me as much as I had.

D. Indian society is associated with great poverty, and indeed I saw a lot of poverty in Mumbai.

Jumbled SentenceD) Indian society is associated with great poverty, and

indeed I saw a lot of poverty in Mumbai.

C) But, somehow it did not depress me as much as I had.

B) The poverty was there right in the open in all the streets.

A) It was never denied and seemed to be integrated into the city life.

Example:2a) Their growing costs and a growing economy

must be reckoned with realistically.

b) Central programmes persist and in some cases grow.

c) As demand expands, programmes expand.

d) It is extremely difficult to curtail them.

Jumbled Sentence

B) Central programmes persist and in some cases grow.

C) As demand expands, programmes expand.

D) It is extremely difficult to curtail them.

A) Their growing costs and a growing economy must be reckoned with realistically.

Jumbled Sentence

Rearrange the jumbled sentences. The first and

the last are in their proper places. Find the proper

sequence of ABCD.

Example:31. Eventually, tim brought in a communications consultant named

Gloria Hoffman to mediate.A. She also forced them to talk about what they respected about each

other.B. With Hoffman’s help, they came to an agreement to help ensure a

smooth transition.C. For the year that Ray planned to remain CEO, he could veto tim’s

ideas. But after that year he would pack up, leave the building and not interfere.

D. For six months, Ray and Tim met independently with Hoff man to vent their frustration with each other.

6. ‘they began to think like that and ended up doing it on their own’, say Hoffman, ‘it changed their ‘relationship considerably’

Jumbled Sentence1. Eventually, Tim brought in a communications consultant named Gloria

Hoffman to mediate.D. For six months, Ray and Tim met independently with Hoff man to vent

their frustration with each other.B. With Hoffman’s help, they came to an agreement to help ensure a smooth

transition.C. For the year that Ray planned to remain CEO, he could veto Tim's ideas.

But after that year he would pack up, leave the building and not interfere.A. She also forced them to talk about what they respected about each other.6. ‘They began to think like that and ended up doing it on their own’, say

Hoffman, ‘it changed their ‘relationship considerably’

Example 4a) It was never denied and seemed to be integrated

into the city life.

b) The poverty was there right in the open in all the streets.

c) But, somehow it did not depress me as much as I had feared.

d) Indian society is associated with great poverty, and indeed I saw a lot of poverty in mumbai.

Jumbled Sentencea) It was never denied and seemed to be integrated

into the city life.

d) Indian society is associated with great poverty, and indeed I saw a lot of poverty in mumbai.

b) The poverty was there right in the open in all the streets.

c) But, somehow it did not depress me as much as I had feared.

Example - 5

a) Ask anybody who they work for nowadays, and the answer is likely to be ‘a small company’.

b) And that company is more likely to go bust.

c) Fascination with size is no more revealing in management theory than it is other areas of life.

d) Regardless of the relative merits of big and small companies, nowadays you are more likely to work for a small company.

Jumbled SentenceD) Regardless of the relative merits of big and small

companies, nowadays you are more likely to work for a small company.

A) Ask anybody who they work for nowadays, and the answer is likely to be ‘a small company’.

B) And that company is more likely to go bust.

C) Fascination with size is no more revealing in management theory than it is other areas of life.

Thank You

Blue Lotus