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Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension Agent – Horticulture Texas AgriLife Extension Service

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Page 1: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast

Carol Brouwer, Ph.D.

With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoyMontgomery County Extension Agent – Horticulture

Texas AgriLife Extension Service

Page 2: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

What to do Now

• Garden prep• Seed up warm season veggies

• Plant a some cool season veggies

Page 3: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Garden Prep

Page 4: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Ideal Garden Location• Receives 8 + hours of sunlight

• Soil has good internal and external drainage

• Free of competition from other large plants, buildings, etc

• Near a source of water

• Visible!   

Page 5: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Soil Preparation 

• Get a soil test• Mix:

– Top soil– Organic matter (<20%)– Sand 

• pH 6.5 – 7.0(slightly acid)

Page 6: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Sources of Organic Material• Compost

– Woody materials, vegetable food scraps, , leaves etc.

• Aged manure• Green manure

– Cereal elbon rye– Legumes

http://cses.uark.edu/ATTRA_covercrop.pdf

Page 7: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Cultural Practices Reduce Pests and Diseases

• Sanitation• Weed Control• Diverse Planting• Crop Rotation• Healthy Soils• Resistant Varieties• Planting Time• Proper Watering• Soil Fertility

Page 8: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Mulching Materials

• Leaf mould • Pine Straw• Hay – wheat or alfalfa• Grass Clippings• Paper • Plastic    • Compost is not mulch

Page 9: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Seed up Warm Season Plants

Page 10: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Timing is Everythinghttp://harris.agrilife.org/files/2011/05/VegPlantingChart.pdf

Page 11: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Starting Seedlings at Home• Good way to grow the varieties you want

• Begin at the right time• Use sterilized soil and containers

• For spring– Tomatoes– Peppers

• For fall– Broccoli– Brussels Sprouts– Cabbage

Page 12: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Keep Records

• Seeding dates• Time to germinate

• Time to reach transplant size

Page 13: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

What to plant now.

Page 14: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Intercropping

• Mutually beneficial associations

• The Three Sisters• Beneficial insects• Soil desalinization• Nitrogen fixation• Nurse plants• Insect deterrent?

Page 15: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Intercropping• http://www.puyallup.wsu.edu/

~linda%20chalker‐scott/horticultural%20myths_files/Myths/Companion%20plants.pdf

Page 16: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Cool Season Vegetables

• Plant from September thru February

• Heavy feeders • Use frequent, small applications of high nitrogen fertilizers

Page 17: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Growing Potatoes

• Prefer moderate temperatures

• Plant certified disease free potato pieces 

• Valentines Day • Plant 2 oz, egg sized pieces

Page 18: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Growing Potatoes

• “Robbing” can begin in May 

• Harvest in June or early July when plants die

• Put them up dirty

Page 19: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Potato Storage

• Lymphosils• Eat those first • Store in cool dark place 

• Store in single layers

Page 20: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Potato Varieties

• Russian Banana• Red Lasota• White Kennebeck• Red Pontiac

Page 21: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Crucifer (Cabbage) Family

• Cabbage• Broccoli• Cauliflower• Brussels sprouts• Turnips• Kale• Kohlrabi• Radish• Collards• Mustard

Page 22: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Cabbage• Uses a lot of space for a long period of time (4 sq ft) 

• Plant in October or January• Produces in Jan‐April• Cold tolerant• Ornamentals are edible• Giant Alaskan cabbage grown during long summer days

Page 23: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Broccoli

• Produce side shoots for a long time 

• Buy young vigorous plants 

• ‘Gypsy’• ‘Packman’• Romanesco

Page 24: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Cauliflower

Page 25: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Cauliflower

• Only produces one head per plant

• Take a lot of space • Cover heads for pure white color 

• Violet queen – purple when raw– chartreuse when cooked

Page 26: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Cauliflower

• Only produces one head per plant

• Take a lot of space • Cover heads for pure white color 

• Violet queen – purple when raw– chartreuse when cooked

Page 27: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Brussel Sprouts

• 100 day crop• Plant two months before first freeze

• Or two months before last freeze

• High in vitamin a

Page 28: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Collards, Kale & Kohlrabi

Page 29: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Collards, Kale & Kohlrabi• Direct seed• Rake in and water• Thin to 6‐8 apart when plants are 6‐8” tall 

• Eat what you thin out

• Kale may be sweeter when harvested after a light frost

• Kohlrabi – whole plant is edible

Page 30: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Turnips and Mustards

• Cold sensitive in Houston

• Plow and replant • 45 days to produce• Scatter seed on 

surface lightly rake in• Thin to 4‐6” to 

produce turnips • 5‐7 crops per winter 

in our area

Page 31: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Radish / Daikon

• Good cool season crop

• Harvest in 30 days

• Plant 6‐8 seeds weekly all winter

• Pick when immature

‘French Breakfast’ 

Page 32: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Daikon

• Take 60‐70 days to mature

Page 33: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Lettuce

• Plant when soil cools in fall & winter

• Seed needs light to germinate

• Refrigerate before use

Page 34: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Peas• Plant Late September thru January

• Most varieties need support

• Light production but high quality

• English peas• Snow peas• Sugar snap peas

Page 35: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Parsley (Umbel) Family

• Carrot• Parsley• Fennel• Dill• Celery• Parsnip

Page 36: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Carrots

• Plant seed from early Oct thru Dec. Maybe late January.

• Seed need light to germinate

• Give regular light applications of nitrogen fertilizer

• Produce terpineswhen stresses 

Page 37: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Onions• Plant seeds in early Nov 

• Plant starts in January

• Low soil sulfur for sweet onions

• Fertilize frequently with small amounts of nitrogen 

Page 38: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Onions• Grow short day onions

• 1015 Y (yellow)• Contessa (white 1015 y)

• Grano• Bermuda• Southern Belle Red• Red Creole

Page 39: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Goosefoot Family

• Beets – poor quality unless produced rapidly

• Swiss Chard• Spinach

– sensitive to heat

– Mulch to keep grit out in clay 

Page 40: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Cool Season Vegetable Insects 

• Cabbage loopers– BT

• Aphids – water, soaps, oils, 

Page 41: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Know the Good Guys

Page 42: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Know the Good Guys

Page 43: Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast - Carol · PDF fileVegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoy Montgomery County Extension

Vegetable Gardening for the Texas Gulf Coast

Carol Brouwer, Ph.D.

With thanks to Thomas R. LeRoyMontgomery County Extension Agent – Horticulture

Texas AgriLife Extension Service