vegetable crops –plsc 404extension.wsu.edu/.../33/2014/09/veg-crops-lesson... · choose a major...

Instructor: Dr. Jeremy S. Cowan

WSU Spokane County Extension 222 N. Havana St

Spokane, WA 99202 Phone: 509.477.2145 Fax: 509.477.2087

Email: [email protected]

Olericulture – Hort 320

Lesson 1, Intro, Population

Olericulture - Welcome


Objectives Appreciate importance of vegetable industry

Improve knowledge of vegetable cropping systems

history

classification

culture and production

handling and marketing

Think critically of crop requirements

Olericulture - Welcome


Text Book: World Vegetables: Principles, Production,

and Nutritive Values 2nd Edition.

Vincent E. Rubatzky

Mas Yamaguchi

1997, Chapman and Hall

ISBN: 978-0834216877


Other Reading: Other textbook chapters

Crop production guides

Handling and marketing information

Emailed to you at least 1 week prior to discussion.


Exams: 1 hour, 15 minute exam period

2 mid-term exams

Combination of:

True/False

Multiple choice

Short Answer

Critical essay

Final exam brutally comprehensive

Oleiculture – Final Exam

Do NOT do this!

Term Paper/Presentation: Pick a minor vegetable crop

Monday 10/6/2014

Monday 10/20/2014

Wednesday 11/19/2014

Term Paper/Presentation: Pick a minor vegetable crop

Complete and turn in a report outline

Complete a written term paper

(6-10 pages, dbl spaced plus references)

Complete a presentation (5 - 8 minutes)

12/3 – 10/2014



Term Paper/Presentation: Grade Breakdown:

Outline – 5 points

Completed paper – 35 points

Presentation – 35 points


Term Paper/Presentation Content:

Taxonomy

Use and importance

Propagation

Production and Pest Control

Post-harvest handling

Marketing

Recipes (optional)


Term Paper/Presentation: Examples of minor vegetables: (see text)

Amaranth Amaranthus tricolor

Cardoon Cynara cardunculus

Chervil Anthriscus cerefolium

Choyote Sechium edule

Cowpea Vigna sinensis

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare


Term Paper/Presentation: Examples of minor vegetables:

Gherkin Cucumis anguira

Ground cherry Physalis pubescens

Martynia Proboscidea lousianica

Okra Hibiscus esculentus

Parsnip Pastinaca sativa

Peanut Arachis hypogaea



Rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum

Rutabaga Brassica campestris

Salsify Tragopogon porrifolius

Seakale Crambe maritima

Sorrel Rumex acetosa

Swiss chard Beta vulgaris var. cicla



Taro Colocasia esculenta

Watercress Rorippa nasturtium

Other culinary or medicinal herbs


Group Project: Work in groups of 4 (3-5) people

Choose a major vegetable crop (from approved list)

Contrast 3 production systems

Modern intensive (conventional or organic)

Market garden

Subsistence

Plan on ≥4 hours for discussion (keep a log of activities)

Present written (3 page max.) and oral report of findings (8 – 10 minutes)


Group Project: Wax or russet potato Solanum tuberosum

Onions Allium cepa

Sweet corn Zea mays

Peas Pisum sativum

Lentils Lens culinaris

Asparagus Asparagus officinales

Hops Humulus lupulus

Carrot Daucus carota

Melon (cantaloupe) Cucumis melo

Tomato Solanum lycopersicum


Grading Rubric: Mid-term exams (2) 33 points each

Final exam 34 points

Term paper/presentation 75 points

Group activity 25 points

TOTAL: 200 points

Grade Points Grade Points

A ≥ 187 C 138 – 146

A- 180 – 186 C- 130 – 137

B+ 172 – 179 D+ 120 – 129

B 163 – 171 D 110 – 119

B- 155 – 162 D- 100 – 109

C+ 147 – 154 F < 100


Course Schedule (subject to change): Mid-term Exam 1 – Sept 29

Term paper topic due – Oct 6

Term paper outline due – Oct 20

Mid-term Exam 2 – Nov 3

Group project report due – Nov 10

Written term papers due – Nov 19

Presentations –Dec 3, 5, 10

Final Exam – Dec 18

* No class Sep 1, Nov 24,26

Keep your syllabus handy.


Olericulture - definition

Webster’s definition of vegetable

“A usually herbaceous plant (as the cabbage, bean, or potato)

grown for an edible part that is usually eaten as part of a meal;

also : such an edible part ”

(Legally defined under the tariff act of 1883; declaration that import

duties be collected for vegetables but not for fruits)

Olericulture - definition Are Not:

Cereal crops

Sugar crops

Pulse crops

Woody fruit crops

Are:

Almost everything else

90+ economically important

crops of various types and species

Olericulture – other features

Generally cultured as annuals

Mostly propagated from seed

Many are insect pollinated

Variable adaptation to climate and

environment

Most require intensive management

Production acreage is usually small

All contribute vitally to the human diet


WHY are we studying vegetable crops?

Because they are critical to betterment of the human condition

Nutrition

Diet diversification

Food security

Questions for Discussion

What is projected for human population in the future?

How will we feed all of these people?

Human Population Growth

Thomas Malthus’, An Essay on the

Principle of Population:

Geometric expansion of people

1x – 2x – 4x – 8x – 16x etc…

Linear increase in food supply

1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7…

Human Population Growth - Factors

Dependable food production,

transportation

Rising incomes

Improved housing and hygiene

Medical advances

Life expectancy in 1900: 47 years in 1998: 75 years

http://www.un.org/


Page 7, Fig 1.7, Chrispeels and Sadava. Plant, Genes and Crop Biotechnology. 2nd Ed.


In the last half of the previous century:



Fertility will continue to decline to

replacement in 2050

Life expectancy will continue to improve

Overall population will level off at 10.5 billion

people by 2150.

UN Population Division predicts:

Human Population

Feeding the hungry masses

North Korea (2 million deaths)

Many areas of Africa

Afghanistan

One person in seven is chronically underfed

Greatest growth – greatest need – in areas of the world where subsistence farming is practiced


Migration:

The U.S. receives over 1

million immigrants a year

Europe migrants from North

Africa and Middle East

From southern and eastern

Europe to the western

European nations


Migration within

countries common

In developing nations in

1850, 11% of the population

lived in the cities

Currently, 84% of the

population lives in urban

areas


How do we increase food supply to

match increasing populations?

Increase amount of land in production.

Increase the productivity of land already in use.

Sustainability issues (Earth Summit II)

http://www.msnbc.com/news/798955.asp


Importance to a class in Vegetable Crops?

Caloric needs versus Nutritional needs

There is a shortage of food materials (fruits and veggies,

tubers, root crops, nuts), which are the most important

plant foods to supply humans with many of their

nutritional needs:

minerals, vitamins, proteins, starches,

fats, and sugars.


“If the global community continues to work

together to find ways to increase agricultural

productivity and income sustainability, it will be

able to meet the challenges of a growing world population

while providing better, healthier life for all the world's

citizens. Better agriculture unleashes economic growth, raises

incomes and leads to smaller families.”

Lisa Rao – “Future Harvest” published in the Cousteau Society’s

magazine, Calypso Log

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