veal v. ahms

46
9 : ? 2 0 > ; 4 3 98 99 9: 9? 92 90 9> 9; 94 93 :8 :9 :: :? :2 :0 :> :; :4 [dcg` eft nfrliggy ofesfgcbit`b' td`s` twf r`git`b ipp`igs - w`r` d`irb it td` sil` tcl`' ieb w`r` ofescb`r`b tfk`td`r% Rdcs scekg` bcspfsctcfe ippgc`s tf jftd ipp`igs' ieb td` og`ra cs bcr`ot`b tf ncg` i ofpy fn tdcs bcspfsctcfe ce `iod ipp`ig% F ZB@Z@B XPJ G C_D@B PECR@B _RIR@_ JIEAZPXROS IXX@GGIR@ XIE@G FN RD@ ECERD OCZOPCR Ce r`= # JIX Efs% I],98,9800,LaAcMu # I],98,980>,LaAcMu DF[IZB ZCODIZB ^@IG' MZ%' ieb # $Z`git`b Ipp`igs# - _D@GGC IS@_DI ^@IG' # # Ja% Ef% 83,92484 B`jtfrs% # # # DF[IZB ZCODIZB ^@IG' MZ%1 # _D@GGC IS@_DI ^@IG' # # Ipp`ggiets' # # v% # F X C E C F E # IL@ZCOIE DFL@ LFZRKIK@ _@Z^COCEK'# CEO%1 [@GG_ NIZKF JIEA' E%I%' is # Rrust`` nfr Fptcfe Fe` Lfrtkik` # Gfie Rrust :88>,? Iss`t,Jioa`b # O`rtcncoit`s' _`rc`s :88>,?' ieb # cts suoo`ssfr ieb&fr isscke``s' # # Ipp`gg``s% # # Irku`b ieb _ujlctt`b fe Mue` 94' :898 it Xdf`ecx' Irczfei Ncg`b , Mue` 98' :899 Ipp`ig Nrfl Rd` Pect`b _tit`s Jiearuptoy Ofurt nfr td` Bcstrcot fn Irczfei Dfefrijg` Ziebfgpd M% Dice`s' Jiearuptoy Mubk`' Xr`scbcek  Ipp`irieo`s= Rruogy B% Xdil fn Mfde Mfs`pd ^fgce' X%O%' irku`b nfr Ipp`ggiets Dfwirb Zcodirb ^`ig' Mr% ieb _d`ggc NCG@B MPE 98 :899 _P_IE L _XZIPG' OG@ZA P%_% JAOS% IXX% XIE@G FN RD@ ECERD OCZOPCR w w w % _ t f p N f r ` o g f s u r ` N r i u b % o f l

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Page 1: VEAL v. AHMS

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[dcg` eft nfrliggy ofesfgcbit`b' td`s` twf r`git`b ipp`igs-

w`r` d`irb it td` sil` tcl`' ieb w`r` ofescb`r`b tfk`td`r% Rdcsscekg` bcspfsctcfe ippgc`s tf jftd ipp`igs' ieb td` og`ra csbcr`ot`b tf ncg` i ofpy fn tdcs bcspfsctcfe ce `iod ipp`ig%

FZB@Z@B XPJGC_D@B

PECR@B _RIR@_ JIEAZPXROS IXX@GGIR@ XIE@G

FN RD@ ECERD OCZOPCR

Ce r`= # JIX Efs% I],98,9800,LaAcMu# I],98,980>,LaAcMu

DF[IZB ZCODIZB ̂ @IG' MZ%' ieb # $Z`git`b Ipp`igs#-

_D@GGC IS@_DI ̂ @IG' ## Ja% Ef% 83,92484

B`jtfrs% ###

DF[IZB ZCODIZB ̂ @IG' MZ%1 #_D@GGC IS@_DI ̂ @IG' #

#Ipp`ggiets' ##

v% # F X C E C F E#

IL@ZCOIE DFL@ LFZRKIK@ _@Z^COCEK'#CEO%1 [@GG_ NIZKF JIEA' E%I%' is #Rrust`` nfr Fptcfe Fe` Lfrtkik` #Gfie Rrust :88>,? Iss`t,Jioa`b #O`rtcncoit`s' _`rc`s :88>,?' ieb #cts suoo`ssfr ieb&fr isscke``s' #

#Ipp`gg``s% #

#Irku`b ieb _ujlctt`b fe Mue` 94' :898

it Xdf`ecx' Irczfei

Ncg`b , Mue` 98' :899

Ipp`ig Nrfl Rd` Pect`b _tit`s Jiearuptoy Ofurtnfr td` Bcstrcot fn Irczfei

Dfefrijg` Ziebfgpd M% Dice`s' Jiearuptoy Mubk`' Xr`scbcek

 

Ipp`irieo`s= Rruogy B% Xdil fn Mfde Mfs`pd ̂ fgce' X%O%' irku`bnfr Ipp`ggiets Dfwirb Zcodirb ^`ig' Mr% ieb _d`ggc

NCG@B

MPE 98 :899

_P_IE L _XZIPG' OG@ZAP%_% JAOS% IXX% XIE@GFN RD@ ECERD OCZOPCR

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Iy`sdi ^`ig1 ieb A`vce Dide fn Ligofgl Ocse`rfsirku`b nfr Ipp`gg``s Il`rcoie Dfl` Lfrtkik`_`rvcocek' Ceo% ieb [`ggs Nirkf Jiea' E%I%' isRrust`` nfr Fptcfe Fe` Lfrtkik` Gfie Rrust :88>,?Iss`t,Jioa`b O`rtcncoit`s' _`rc`s :88>,?' ieb ctssuoo`ssfrs ieb&fr isscke``s%

 J`nfr`= LIZA@GG' ACZ_OD@Z ieb MPZS' Jiearuptoy Mubk`s%

Rijg` fn Ofet`ets

C% CERZFBPORCFE% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ?

CC% NIOR_% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 2I% IDL_C–s Xrffn fn Ogicl ieb td` ^`igs– Ogicl Fjm`otcfe

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0

J% [`ggs Nirkf–s Z`gc`n nrfl _tiy Lftcfe ieb td` ^`igs–Z`spfes`% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ;  O% Mfcet D`ircek fe td` Ogicl Fjm`otcfe ieb td` Z`gc`n 

nrfl _tiy Lftcfe% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 98

CCC% BC_OP__CFE% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 99I% _tiebcek ce Lfrtkik` Ois`s% % % % % % % % % % % % % 9:

9% Ofestctutcfeig _tiebcek% % % % % % % % % % % % 9::% Xrub`etcig _tiebcek% % % % % % % % % % % % % % 9??% Xrub`etcig _tiebcek ieb td` Z`ig Xirty ce Cet`r`st

Bfotrce`%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 922% Z`ig Xirty ce Cet`r`st _titus ieb Cts Xfgcoc`s

%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 90

J% Rd` _ujstietcv` Giw Z`git`b tf Eft`s _`our`b jy Z`igXrfp`rty% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 9;  9% Ippgcoijcgcty fn POO Irtcog`s ? ieb 3% % % % % 9;:% Irtcog` ? fn td` POO ieb td` Ofeo`pt fn i ‗X`rsfe

@etctg`b tf @enfro`“ i Eft`% % % % % % % % % % :8?% Irtcog` 3 ieb Rriesn`rs fn Fwe`rsdcp ieb Ftd`r

Cet`r`sts ce i Xrflcssfry Eft`%% % % % % % % % :2O% [`ggs Nirkf–s Gioa fn _tiebcek tf _``a Z`gc`n nrfl td`

Iutflitco _tiy% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % :;  9% _tiebcek tf _``a Z`gc`n nrfl Iutflitco _tiy% % :;:% [`ggs Nirkf–s Irkul`et Z`kirbcek _tiebcek% % % ?8?% [`ggs Nirkf–s Gioa fn i Ofee`otcfe tf td` Eft`

%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ?:

B% IDL_C–s Gioa fn _tiebcek Rf Ncg` Xrffn fn Ogicl%% % ?; 9% Rd` Gioa fn Ncebceks fe O`etrig Cssu`s%% % % % ?3:% Ieigyscs fn td` Z`ofrb ieb IDL_C–s _titus is i

‗X`rsfe @etctg`b tf @enfro`“ td` Eft`% % % % % 2:

C^% OFEOGP_CFE%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 2>

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Peg`ss sp`ocnc`b ftd`rwcs`' igg odipt`r ieb s`otcfe9

r`n`r`eo`s ir` tf td` Jiearuptoy Ofb`' 99 P%_%O% §§ 989,90?:' igg‗Zug`“ r`n`r`eo`s ir` tf td` N`b`rig Zug`s fn JiearuptoyXrfo`bur`' Zug`s 9889,38?;' ieb igg ‗Ocvcg Zug`“ r`n`r`eo`s ir`tf td` N`b`rig Zug`s fn Ocvcg Xrfo`bur`%

Rd` jiearuptoy ofurt dib murcsbcotcfe ueb`r :4 P%_%O%:

§§ 9??2 ieb 90;$j#$:#$J# ieb $K#' ieb w` div` murcsbcotcfe ueb`r:4 P%_%O% § 904%

?

C% CERZFBPORCFE

Ce td` ncrst fn td`s` twf r`git`b ipp`igs' b`jtfrs ieb

ipp`ggiets Dfwirb ieb _d`ggc ^`ig $td` ‗^`igs“# odigg`ek` td`

jiearuptoy ofurt–s frb`r krietcek r`gc`n nrfl td` iutflitco stiyueb`r § ?>:$b# tf ipp`gg`` [`ggs Nirkf Jiea' E%I%' is Rrust``9

nfr Fptcfe Fe` Lfrtkik` Gfie Rrust :88>,?' Iss`t,Jioa`b

O`rtcncoit`s _`rc`s :88>,? $‗[`ggs Nirkf“#% Ce td` s`ofeb:

ipp`ig' td` ^`igs odigg`ek` td` jiearuptoy ofurt–s frb`r

fv`rrugcek td`cr fjm`otcfe tf i prffn fn ogicl ncg`b jy ipp`gg``

Il`rcoie Dfl` Lfrtkik` _`rvcocek' Ceo% $‗IDL_C“#% Rdcs prffn fn

ogicl r`git`s tf td` sil` fjgckitcfe tdit cs td` nfous fn [`ggs

Nirkf–s lftcfe nfr r`gc`n nrfl td` iutflitco stiy%

Ce `iod ipp`ig' td` cssu` pr`s`et`b cs wd`td`r td` ipp`gg``

`stijgcsd`b cts stiebcek is i r`ig pirty ce cet`r`st tf pursu`

td` r`gc`n ct r`qu`st`b% [ctd r`sp`ot tf [`ggs Nirkf–s r`qu`st

nfr r`gc`n nrfl td` iutflitco stiy' w` dfgb tdit i pirty dis

stiebcek tf s``a r`gc`n nrfl td` iutflitco stiy cn ct dis iprfp`rty cet`r`st ce' fr cs `etctg`b tf `enfro` fr pursu`

r`l`bc`s r`git`b tf' td` s`our`b fjgckitcfe tdit nfrls td` jiscs

fn cts lftcfe% [ctd r`sp`ot tf IDL_C–s prffn fn ogicl' w` dfgb

tdit i pirty dis stiebcek tf prfs`out` i prffn fn ogicl cevfgvcek

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i e`kftcijg` prflcssfry eft` s`our`b jy r`ig prfp`rty cn' ueb`r

ippgcoijg` giw' ct cs i ‗p`rsfe `etctg`b tf `enfro` td` eft`“ is

b`nce`b jy td` Pecnfrl Ofll`rocig Ofb`%

Ippgycek td`s` dfgbceks' ce td` r`gc`n nrfl stiy ipp`ig' w`b`t`rlce` tdit td` r`ofrb bf`s eft suppfrt td` jiearuptoy ofurt–s

ncebcek tdit [`ggs Nirkf dib stiebcek% [` tdus Z@^@Z_@ td`

jiearuptoy ofurt–s r`gc`n nrfl stiy frb`r% Ce IDL_C–s ogicl

fjm`otcfe ipp`ig' td` jiearuptoy ofurt bcb eft lia` ncebceks

e`o`ssiry tf b`t`rlce` IDL_C–s stiebcek is i p`rsfe `etctg`b tf

`enfro` td` ^`igs– fjgckitcfes' sf w` lust ^IOIR@ td` ogicl

fjm`otcfe frb`r ieb Z@LIEB nfr nurtd`r prfo``bceks%

CC% NIOR_

Rd` ^`igs bf eft bcsput` tdit' ce Iukust :88>' _d`ggc ^`ig

`x`out`b i prflcssfry eft` $td` ‗Eft`“# ce nivfr fn K_N Lfrtkik`

Ofrpfritcfe $‗K_N“#% Rf s`our` d`r piyl`et fjgckitcfes ueb`r td`

Eft`' Ls% ^`ig igsf `x`out`b i lfrtkik` $td` ‗Lfrtkik`“# ce nivfr

fn K_N ofv`rcek o`rtice r`ig prfp`rty gfoit`b ce _prceknc`gb'Cggcefcs $td` ‗Xrfp`rty“#%

Fe Mue` :3' :883' td` ^`igs ncg`b i odipt`r 9? jiearuptoy%

Rd` ^`igs gcst`b IDL_C fe td`cr _od`bug` B is i s`our`b or`bctfr%

Rdcs sod`bug`' sujlctt`b ueb`r p`eigty fn p`rmury' stit`b tdit

td` ^`igs fw`b IDL_C "908'04>%3: $td` ‗^`ig Gfie“#' ieb tdit

IDL_C d`gb s`ourcty fe td` Xrfp`rty s`ourcek tdit ceb`jt`be`ss%

It ef pfcet bcb td` ^`igs– sod`bug`s `v`r gcst td` ^`ig Gfie is

bcsput`b% Rd` ^`igs sclcgirgy r`n`rr`b tf IDL_C is i s`our`b

or`bctfr ce td`cr odipt`r 9? pgie ieb ce td`cr il`eb`b odipt`r 9?

pgie% It td` tcl` tdcs ipp`ig wis sujlctt`b' td` ^`igs dib eft

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Rd` ^`igs stit`b ce i l`lfriebul ncg`b wctd td` jiearuptoy?

ofurt tdit ‗Qt\dcs QBfroduoa\ g`tt`r cs eft iblcssijg` Qsco\$ofetceu`b%%%#

0

I% IDL_C–s Xrffn fn Ogicl ieb td` ^`igs– Ogicl Fjm`otcfe

Fe Mugy 94' :883' IDL_C ncg`b i prffn fn s`our`b ogicl% Ce

td` prffn fn ogicl' IDL_C stit`b tdit ct wis ncgcek td` ogicl fe

j`dign fn [`ggs Nirkf is [`ggs Nirkf–s s`rvcocek ik`et%Ce ibbctcfe tf ie ct`lczitcfe fn td` ogicl ilfuets' IDL_C

ittiod`b td` nfggfwcek bfoul`ets tf td` prffn fn ogicl=

$9# i ofpy fn td` Eft`' sdfwcek ie cebfrs`l`et nrfl K_N

tf ‗Fptcfe Fe`“1

$:# i ofpy fn td` Lfrtkik`1

$?# i ofpy fn i r`ofrb`b ‗Issckel`et fn Lfrtkik`“

issckecek td` Lfrtkik` nrfl K_N tf Fptcfe Fe` Lfrtkik`

Ofrpfritcfe $‗Fptcfe Fe`“#1 ieb

$2# i g`tt`r bit`b Liy 90' :884' scke`b jy Mfrbie B%

Bfroduoa is @x`outcv` ^co` Xr`scb`et ieb Odc`n G`kig Fnnco`r

fn IDL_C' ibbr`ss`b tf ‗Rf [dfl ct Liy Ofeo`re“ $td`

‗Bfroduoa G`tt`r“#%

Fe cts nio`' td` Bfroduoa G`tt`r stit`s tdit IDL_C ioqucr`bFptcfe Fe`–s lfrtkik` s`rvcocek jusce`ss%

Rd` Bfroduoa G`tt`r cs must tdit1 i g`tt`r' ieb eftdcek

lfr`% Lr% Bfroduoa bf`s eft b`ogir` tdit dcs stit`l`ets ir` lib`

ueb`r p`eigty fn p`rmury' efr bf`s td` bfoul`et j`ir iey ftd`r fn

td` tribctcfeig `g`l`ets fn iblcsscjg` `vcb`eo`% Ef jiscs wis

gicb nfr iutd`etcoitcek fr ftd`rwcs` iblcttcek td` Bfroduoa

G`tt`r cetf `vcb`eo` it iey fn td` d`irceks ce tdcs litt`r%

Ceb``b' td` ^`igs fjm`ot`b tf cts ofescb`ritcfe is `vcb`eo`%?

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$%%%ofetceu`b#?

`vcb`eo` fn ieytdcek%“ Rd` jiearuptoy ofurt bcb eft rug` fe tdcsfjm`otcfe%

Rd` ^`igs igsf irku`b tdit td`r` w`r` s`v`rig b`n`ots ce2

td` odice fn lfrtkik` issckel`ets j`tw``e K_N ieb [`ggs Nirkf'jut td` ^`igs `lpdiscz`b tdit td` a`y b`n`ot wis td` nicgur` tf`stijgcsd tdit `ctd`r IDL_C fr [`ggs Nirkf quigcnc`b is td`dfgb`r fn td` eft`%

>

Fe Efv`lj`r 0' :883' td` ^`igs ncg`b ie fjm`otcfe tf IDL_C–s

prffn fn ogicl% Ipprfxclit`gy i lfetd git`r' td` ^`igs ncg`b i

l`lfriebul fn pfcets ieb iutdfrctc`s ce suppfrt fn td`cr ogicl

fjm`otcfe% Ilfek ftd`r fjm`otcfes' td` ^`igs ofet`eb`b tditIDL_C gioa`b stiebcek% Ioofrbcek tf td` ^`igs' IDL_C e``b`b tf

`stijgcsd tdit ct wis iutdfrcz`b tf iot is s`rvcocek ik`et fe

j`dign fn [`ggs Nirkf' ieb tdit `ctd`r IDL_C fr [`ggs Nirkf dib

tf j` quigcnc`b is dfgb`rs fn td` Eft`' wctdce td` l`iecek fn

Irczfei–s v`rscfe fn td` Pecnfrl Ofll`rocig Ofb`% Rd` ^`igs

irku`b tdit td` prffn fn ogicl `xdcjcts bcb eft `stijgcsd iey fn

td`s` e`o`ssiry niots%2

Fe Efv`lj`r 93' :883' IDL_C ncg`b cts fppfsctcfe tf td`

^`igs– ogicl fjm`otcfe% Rd` fppfsctcfe ofetice`b ef g`kig

irkul`et ieb vcrtuiggy ef `vcb`eo`% Iglfst i pik` gfek' td`

fppfsctcfe sclpgy r`disd`b td` ofet`ets fn IDL_C–s prffn fn

ogicl% IDL_C igsf ittiod`b tf td` fppfsctcfe bupgcoit` ofpc`s fn

sfl` fn td` sil` bfoul`ets tdit ct dib pr`vcfusgy ittiod`b tf td`prffn fn ogicl' ikice wctdfut iey ippir`et oflpgcieo` wctd td`

rug`s fn `vcb`eo`' is IDL_C prfvcb`b ef b`ogiritcfe

iutd`etcoitcek iey fn td` bfoul`ets ittiod`b td`r`tf%

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Rd` ^`igs bcb r`n`r td` jiearuptoy ofurt tf bfoul`ets0

ivicgijg` fe td` w`jsct` fn td` _`ourctc`s @xodiek` Ofllcsscfesuppfs`bgy r`git`b tf td` igg`k`b s`ourctczitcfe fn td` ^`igGfie' jut td`r` cs ef cebcoitcfe ce td` r`ofrb wd`td`r td`jiearuptoy ofurt iotuiggy gffa`b it fr ofescb`r`b td`s`bfoul`ets%

Rd`s` bfoul`ets' dib td`y j``e prfp`rgy iutd`etcoit`b' lckdtdiv` ncgg`b sfl` $jut eft igg# fn td` kips ce td` `vcb`eo`% Nfrcestieo`' td` bfoul`ets ofetice`b i Xffgcek ieb _`rvcek Ikr``l`et

$ofetceu`b%%%#

;

J% [`ggs Nirkf–s Z`gc`n nrfl _tiy Lftcfe ieb td` ^`igs–

Z`spfes`

L`iewdcg`' fe Fotfj`r :9' :883' [`ggs Nirkf ncg`b i lftcfe

nfr r`gc`n nrfl stiy tf `eijg` ct tf ofll`eo` nfr`ogfsur`prfo``bceks ikicest td` Xrfp`rty% [`ggs Nirkf igg`k`b ce td`

lftcfe tdit ct wis i s`our`b or`bctfr pursuiet tf i ncrst

prcfrcty lfrtkik`% Efe` fn td` tdr`` `xdcjcts ittiod`b tf td`

lftcfe' dfw`v`r' bcr`otgy suppfrt`b tdcs igg`kitcfe= cts ncrst

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iutdfrcty suooceotgy sullircz`s td` priotcoig bcstceotcfe=

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pirty wdf l``ts td` stiebcek r`qucr`l`ets cs i r`ig pirty ce

cet`r`st%“ 2 Lffr`–s N`b`rig Xriotco` § 9;%98Q9\' it p%9;,90 $?b

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Is i r`sugt' cn e`ctd`r [`ggs Nirkf efr IDL_C cs i r`ig

pirty ce cet`r`st' w` e``b eft pirs` td` r`licecek bcnn`r`eo`s

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ced`r`etgy niotuig cequcry cetf td` eitur` fn td` rckdtsiss`rt`b' s``' `%k%' _prcet' 002 P%_% it :;9,;?' ieb td` pirty

iss`rtcek tdit ct dis stiebcek j`irs td` jurb`e fn prffn tf`stijgcsd cts stiebcek% _ull`rs v% @irtd Csgieb Cest%' 000 P%_%244' VVV' 9:3 _%Ot% 992:' 9923 $:883# $td` lfviet ‗j`irs td`jurb`e fn sdfwcek tdit d` dis stiebcek nfr `iod typ` fn r`gc`nsfukdt“#1 J`ee`tt v% _p`ir' 0:8 P%_% 902' 9>;‟>4 $933;#1 Dissf v%Lfzskic $Ce r` Gi _c`rri Nce% _`rvs%' Ceo%#' :38 J%Z% ;94' ;:>$3td Ocr% JIX :88:#% Rd`s` ois`s r`qucr` tdit td` lfviet j`irtd` jurb`e fn prfvcek jftd ofestctutcfeig ieb prub`etcigstiebcek%

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quigcnc`b is r`ig pirtc`s ce cet`r`st%99

2% Z`ig Xirty ce Cet`r`st _titus ieb Cts Xfgcoc`s

Ocvcg Zug` 9;$i#$9# stirts sclpgy= ‗Ie iotcfe lust j`

prfs`out`b ce td` eil` fn td` r`ig pirty ce cet`r`st%“ Igtdfukdtd` `xiot b`ncectcfe fn i r`ig pirty ce cet`r`st liy b`ny

irtcougitcfe' cts nueotcfe ieb purpfs` ir` w`gg ueb`rstffb% Is

stit`b ce td` Ibvcsfry Ofllctt`` Eft`s nfr Ocvcg Zug` 9;'

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ikicest i sujs`qu`et iotcfe jy td` pirty iotuiggy`etctg`b tf r`ofv`r' ieb tf cesur` k`e`riggy tdit td`mubkl`et wcgg div` cts prfp`r `nn`ot is r`s mubcoiti%

Eft`s fn Ibvcsfry Ofllctt`` fe 93>> Il`ebl`ets tf Zug` 9;% _``

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$3td Ocr% 934># $‗—Rd` lfb`re nueotcfe fn td` rug` % % % cs

sclpgy tf prft`ot td` b`n`ebiet ikicest i sujs`qu`et iotcfe jy

td` pirty iotuiggy `etctg`b tf r`ofv`r' ieb tf cesur` k`e`riggytdit td` mubkl`et wcgg div` cts prfp`r `nn`ot is r`s mubcoiti%–“#

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Ce tdcs r`kirb' lfst r`ig pirty ce cet`r`st cequcrc`s nfous

fe wd`td`r td` pgicetcnn fr lfviet dfgbs td` rckdts d` fr sd`

s``as tf r`br`ss% _`` Lffr`–s' supri' § 9;%98Q9\% [is' nfr

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Jut ce sfl` ois`s' stitutfry fr ofllfe giw r`ofkecz`s

r`gitcfesdcps ce wdcod pirtc`s liy su` ce td`cr fwe eil` nfr td`

j`e`nct fn ftd`rs% Ce td`s` ois`s' r`ig pirty ce cet`r`st

bfotrce` pft`etciggy igt`rs r`sugts= ct iggfws td`s` tdcrb

pirtc`s tf su` ce td`cr fwe eil` fe iotcfes ce wdcod td`y liy eft

div` td` ugtclit` fr bcr`ot p`rsfeig stia` ce td` litt`r% I

kuirbcie' nfr `xilpg`' liy su` fe j`dign fn dcs fr d`r wirb' `v`e

tdfukdt td` r`ofv`ry cs sfg`gy td` wirb–s% Ocvcg Zug`

9;$i#$9#$O#% I jicg`` liy su` ce cts fwe eil` nfr bilik` tf

kffbs `etrust`b tf ct' `v`e tdfukd ct bf`s eft fwe td`l% Ocvcg

Zug` 9;$i#$9#$B#% @v`e isscke``s nfr ofgg`otcfe liy' ueb`r

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fwes fr dis rckdts tdit oie j` vcebcoit`b jy prfvcek td` `g`l`ets

fn td` ogicl nfr r`gc`n iss`rt`b% Ct igsf dis ieftd`r a`y

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Rdcs bcsousscfe fw`s luod tf i p`ebcek ofll`etiry fn td`9:

X`rlie`et @bctfrcig Jfirb nfr td` Pecnfrl Ofll`rocig Ofb`% _``Mfde I% _`j`rt' Brint Z`pfrt fn td` X@J fe td` POO Zug`s

Ippgcoijg` tf td` Issckel`et fn Lfrtkik` Eft`s ieb tf td`Fwe`rsdcp ieb @enfro`l`et fn Rdfs` Eft`s ieb td` Lfrtkik`s_`ourcek Rd`l $Lirod :3' :899#' ivicgijg` itdttp=&&`xtrie`t%igc%frk&bcr`otfry&ncg`s&X@JVZ`pfrtVfeVLfrtkik`VEft`s,OcrougitcfeVBrint%pbn $gist vcsct`b Mue` 98' :899#%

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92

tdus Irtcog` ? wfugb eft bcr`otgy ippgy' ct liy ‗j` ipprfprcit`'ofescst`et wctd td` prceocpg`s stit`b ce § 9,98:$:# Qefw § 9,98?\' nfr i ofurt tf ippgy fe` fr lfr` prfvcscfes fn Irtcog` ? tftd` wrctcek jy ieigfky' tiacek cetf ioofuet td` `xp`otitcfes fntd` pirtc`s ieb td` bcnn`r`eo`s j`tw``e td` wrctcek ieb iecestrul`et kfv`re`b jy Irtcog` ?%“ Ofll`et : tf POO § ?,982%_`` igsf Nr`b D% Lcgg`r . Igvce O% Dirr`gg' Rd` Giw fn Lfb`reXiyl`et _yst`ls § 9%8?Q9\Qj\ $:88?#%

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J% Rd` _ujstietcv` Giw Z`git`b tf Eft`s _`our`b jy Z`ig

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td` ippgcoijg` sujstietcv` giw' sceo` ct cs tdit giw wdcodb`nce`s ieb sp`ocnc`s td` wrfek' tdfs` ikkrc`v`b' ieb td` r`br`ss

td`y liy r`o`cv`% >I N`b`rig Xriotco` ieb Xrfo`bur` § 902?' it

248,49 $‗Ce frb`r tf ippgy Zug` 9;$i#$9# prfp`rgy' ct cs

e`o`ssiry tf cb`etcny td` giw tdit or`it`b td` sujstietcv` rckdt

j`cek iss`rt`b % % % %“#% _`` igsf cb% § 9022%

9% Ippgcoijcgcty fn POO Irtcog`s ? ieb 39:

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$?# bf`s eft stit` iey ftd`r ueb`rtiacek fr

cestruotcfe jy td` p`rsfe prflcscek fr frb`rcek piyl`ettf bf iey iot ce ibbctcfe tf td` piyl`et fn lfe`y' juttd` prflcs` fr frb`r liy ofetice $c# ie ueb`rtiacek frpfw`r tf kcv`' licetice' fr prft`ot ofggit`rig tfs`our` piyl`et' $cc# ie iutdfrczitcfe fr pfw`r tf td`dfgb`r tf ofen`ss mubkl`et fr r`igcz` fe fr bcspfs` fnofggit`rig' fr $ccc# i wicv`r fn td` j`e`nct fn iey giwcet`eb`b nfr td` ibvietik` fr prft`otcfe fn ie fjgckfr%

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cestrul`et' Irtcog` ? prfvcb`s rug`s kfv`recek td` piyl`et fn90

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fjgckitcfes r`pr`s`et`b jy tdit e`kftcijg` cestrul`et% Is wcgg

j` s``e' Irtcog` ? bf`s eft e`o`ssircgy `quit` td` prfp`r p`rsfe

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Pegca` Irtcog` ?' Irtcog` 3 cs i r`gitcv`gy r`o`et9;

ceefvitcfe wdcod itt`lpts' ilfek ftd`r tdceks' tf r`kugircz`

efepfss`ssfry nceieocek% Ct wis gist oflpg`t`gy r`vcs`b ce 9333'igtdfukd td`r` ir` ourr`etgy il`ebl`ets tf tdit v`rscfe j`cekfnn`r`b nfr ibfptcfe jy td` stit`s%

POO § 3,983$i#$?# stit`s tdit Irtcog` 3 ippgc`s tf iey94

sig` fn i ‗prflcssfry eft`'“ wdcod cs b`nce`b ce § 3,98:$i#$>0#is ‗ie cestrul`et tdit `vcb`eo`s i prflcs` tf piy i lfe`tiryfjgckitcfe' Qfr\ bf`s eft `vcb`eo` ie frb`r tf piy % % % %“ Ceture' ie ‗cestrul`et“ ueb`r Irtcog` 3 cs b`nce`b is ‗i e`kftcijg`cestrul`et fr iey ftd`r wrctcek tdit `vcb`eo`s i rckdt tf td`piyl`et fn i lfe`tiry fjgckitcfe' cs eft cts`gn i s`ourcty

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cet`r`st ce i prflcssfry eft`% Nrfl tdcs ct nfggfws tdit td`

b`t`rlceitcfe fn wdf dfgbs td`s` prfp`rty cet`r`sts wcgg cenfrl

td` cequcry is tf wdf cs i r`ig pirty ce cet`r`st ce iey iotcfe

cevfgvcek tdit prflcssfry eft`%

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td` fjgckitcfes fn pirtc`s fe td` Eft`' ceogubcek dfw tf

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ce frb`r tf `enfro` cts t`rls% Zitd`r' Irtcog` ? stit`s tdit td`

ijcgcty tf `enfro` i pirtcougir eft` ‟ i ofeo`pt o`etrig tf fur

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