vairan aa intro

8/20/2019 Vairan AA Intro

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VarianAtomic AbsorptionSpectrometers

AA


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Varian’s AA range enables analysts to extendthe performance and productivity boundariesof AA determinations, and is equally athome in routine laboratories where reliabilityand simple operation is vital.

The Varian AA range includes the stylishand easy-to-use AA280 and AA240 series.Combining Fast Sequential design with upto eight lamp capability, the AA240/280flame instruments provide high performanceand lower running costs. If you requiresuperior furnace performance and accurate

background correction, the AA280 Zeemaninstrument delivers, with fast transverseZeeman background correction and our newGTA120 graphite furnace. For an economicalanalysis solution, choose the AA240 series,which provides four lamp capacity and achoice of automation options.

AA choices for every application Varian’s wide range of hardware features,advanced software solutions and automationadvantages are designed to cater for everyapplication need. Select from:

Feature AA280FS AA280Z AA240FS AA240Z AA240 AA140

Fast Sequential capability

Dedicated furnace with Zeeman Correction

Full automation

PC control

Deuterium background operation

True double beam optics

Integrated accessories

Standard Feature

Optional Feature

Varian is synonymous with innovationand reliability in Atomic Absorption,and has over 50 years of comprehensiveexperience in analytical instrumentation.

A family of AA solutions

AA InnovationBuilt componentsfor world’s firstAAS (as Techtron)

1957Developedthe AA3,Techtron’s firstcommercial AA

1964Nitrous-oxide/acetyleneburner introduced

1966 Varian appliesfor a patent onZeemanbackgroundcorrection

1971Pioneeredgraphite furnacetechniques withthe transverseheated Model 61

1971Automated GFAanalyses withthe ASD-53 —the first furnacautosampler

1977


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ully automatedA-975 forulti-element

nalysis

981Introducedcentralizedinstrumentcontrol with theAA-30/40

1985DedicatedZeeman graphitefurnace AAS

1987Patented SIPSproviding onlinecalibration andfast online dilutionfor flame AA

1994Worksheetsoftware —an innovativespreadsheetconcept fordata display

1995Patented FastSequential AASreduces analysistimes by upto 50%

1997 Varian’s Duo AAintroducessimultaneousflame andfurnace analyses

2001


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No matter what the application, Varian AA

systems deliver real productivityimprovements in flame AA. High productivitymeans reduced gas, reagent and lamp usage,and more results every day. Here’s how:

Fast Sequential AAAchieve the productivity and speed of sequential ICP with Varian’s patented FastSequential* AA systems. By measuring allelements in each sample before moving tothe next one, Varian’s Fast Sequential (FS)AA280 and AA240 provide complete resultsin minutes.

• Determine your entire element suitewithout repeatedly aspirating samples

• Improve productivity by up to 50% byreducing the sample analysis delays

• Get full elemental coverage, no matterhow many elements you are determining

• Reduce sample consumption — withless delays throughout analysis, less sampleis wasted

• Save labor and reduce running costs —the more elements you determine,

the greater your savings

• Improve precision and accuracy withonline internal standard corrections — thiscorrects for physical differences, samplepreparation errors, or drift

How does Fast Sequential AA work?1. Determination time is optimized as theFS wizard sorts the elements by wavelengthand flame type

2. Optimum flame conditions are used foreach elemental determination — the patentedHammer gas control** initiates instantaneouschanges to programmed flows and providessuperb reproducibility

3. Reproducible wavelength positioning isachieved with minimal delays by the highspeed wavelength drive (2,000 nm/min)operating under intelligent software control

4. Simultaneous operation of all lamps inFS mode

5. Fast lamp selection using a motordriven mirror

Real productivity improvements

Conventional AAdetermines only oneelement at a time,so samples are analyzedtime and time againduring a multi-elementsequence (top).

Using Fast Sequential AA,samples are onlyaspirated once and allelements are measuredbefore progressing tothe next sample (bottom).

* US patent no. 6,236,457** US patent no. 5,355,214


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Flexible sample handling choices

If you deal with diverse samples, yourproductivity solution is Varian’s SamplePreparation Systems (SPS). The SPSautosamplers feature:

• Fastest ever sample to sample changes

• High sample capacity to enhancelaboratory productivity

• Advanced rinse options to reducecarryover

• Traveling Rinse: the most rapid rinseoption, which enables rinsing of the probe

as it is drawn up out of the sample.This enhances throughput by minimizingprobe movements

• Flexible configuration with economicallaboratory racks for different tube typesand probes

• Online dilution using the optionalbuilt-in diluter system

• Complete sample preparation capabilityusing the optional diluter and software foroffline standard and sample preparation

• Optional environmental enclosure forpurging/fume extraction

Varian’s latest

innovations for flame

autosampling include:

Pre-emptive sampling(top)• Reduces analysis times

by an additional 15%

• Reduces sample to

sample delays

• Moves the autosampler

probe to the next

solution while the reading

is still in progress

• Lowers sample

consumption — the

reading is completed

using remaining

excess solution in the

transfer line

Smart Rinse(bottom)• Optimizes rinse time

for each sample

• Eliminates excessive

rinse times

• Automatically extends

rinse times for those

solutions that need it

• Eliminates carry over

as Smart Rinse monitorsthe wash-out until

minimum absorbance

reached

• Reduces sample

analysis times

• Simplifies method

development

-0.30

0.0

A b s

Time

Probewithdrawn

Probecontents

0.00

0.50

1.00

5.0 10.0 15.0

-0.30

0.0

A b s

Time

0.00

0.50

1.00

5.0 10.0 13.0

Rinsecommences

Rinseterminates

Min. absorbance setting


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Productivity solutions for dilution and vapor generation

• Fully automated hydride determinationswhen coupled with the SPS series SamplePreparation Systems

• Increase sensitivity by 30% andimprove detection limits with the ETC-60Electrothermal Temperature Controller

Varian’s Sample Introduction Pump Systems

(SIPS) improve productivity with a rangeof unique benefits for flame AA.

• No tedious, multiple standard preparation.Performs online multi point calibration froma single standard

• Fast, online dilution of over range samples

• No costly, time consuming manualdilution and re-analysis

• Enhance accuracy and precision with< 2% error — no more dilution errors

Varian’s dual pump SIPS-20 further reducessample preparation before analysis, with aunique range of productivity benefits.

• Adds modifiers such as ionizationsuppressants online during analysis

• Performs online spiking of samples forspike recovery studies

• Automates the tedious task of flamestandard addition calibrations

• Enhances accuracy and precision duringextended runs by enabling automated flame

internal standard corrections Vapor Generation made easyExtend analyses to trace levels with Varian’scontinuous flow VGA-77. This allowsdeterminations of mercury and hydrideforming elements (As, Se, etc.) at part-per-billion (ppb) levels. The VGA-77 offers:

• Convenience of flame AA operation

• Better sensitivity than flow injection

• Exceptional precisions of 1-2% RSDat ppb levels

• High sample throughput of up to70 samples/hour

• Simple operation, as the integral pumpprovides automatic reagent addition

• Low sample consumption < 8 mL perelement during analysis

• Reduced setup time and elimination crosscontamination when switching betweenelements with conflicting chemistries.Simply change modules

0.00

0.00

A b s

Cu mg/L

0.50

1.00

1.25

2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.0

SIPS dilution performance

Actual M easured Dilution DilutionConc. mg/L Conc. mg/L Factor Error %

1.2 1.2 1.0 0.2

6.0 6.0 1.0 0.4

10.0 10.1 3.3 0.2

50.8 50.8 7.5 0.1

56.4 56.7 18.7 0.6

101.6 102.8 35.5 1.2

202.8 204.4 55.0 0.8

400.0 401.6 62.4 0.4

456.7 455.8 78.3 0.2500.0 497.2 138.4 0.6

500.0 501.3 151.8 0.3


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Simultaneous AA operation

Duo systems double your AA productivity

The Varian AA Duo systems are theworld’s only AA systems providing truesimultaneous operation of flame andgraphite furnace from a central computer.With an AA Duo, operation is more flexible,setup and change-over times are eliminatedand productivity is doubled.

• Ideal for busy environmental, chemicalor industrial laboratories

• Be more productive with simultaneousoperation of flame/hydride and graphite

furnace• Customize the system to your needs bycombining flame or hydride atomizers witheither a deuterium or Zeeman correctedgraphite furnace

• Centralize data and method storage inone location on the single controlling PC

• Save time with dedicated atomizersthat eliminate complex setup and timeconsuming change-overs

• Each atomizer is permanently aligned

for immediate use and never needsre-alignment

• Analyze any sample with the widestlinear dynamic range from sub ppb(using furnace and hydride techniques)to percent levels (flame)

• Simplify setup and operation withadvanced features such as automatedwavelength and slit selection

• Fast Sequential technology provides theworld’s fastest flame AA

• Acclaimed worksheet software deliversrapid instrument setup, easy operationand simple method development

• Varian’s range of accessories andautosamplers means the AA Duo systemcan develop with your needs

Varian’s Duo systemsprovide simultaneous

operation of flameand graphite furnaceatomizers from acentral computer,so you can doublethe productivity of your laboratory.


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Superior furnace capabilities

Varian’s integrated GTA120 and Zeeman

GTA120 Graphite Tube Atomizers providesuperior furnace performance, no matterhow difficult the sample.

Constant Temperature Zone design Varian's superior furnace performanceis achieved via the Constant TemperatureZone (CTZ). The furnace power supply ismatched to low thermal mass, end heatedgraphite tubes with optimized wallthickness. This ensures rapid, controlledand even heating, creating a CTZ centredaround the injection hole. Benefits of the

CTZ design include:• Extremely fast atomization even withdifficult sample matrices

• Best signal-to-noise characteristics,due to the long atom cell. This ensures thebest detection limits and sensitivities

• Excellent tube lifetimes and reducedmemory effects

• Accurate temperature control from40–3000 °C during both fixed and rampedtemperature stages without using

inaccurate optical temperature sensors• Greater reproducibility, as heating ratesare software controlled to a maximum of 2000 °C/sec.

The GTA120:

• Reduces running costs with extendedtube lifetimes and a 40% decrease in gasconsumption

• Allows real time viewing of the injectionzone using the optional built-in Tube-CAM.You can also capture still images or video

the analysis• Simplifies method development. Use Tube-CAM to accurately set the probe dispensingheight and confirm the optimum dryingand ashing temperatures

• Provides extended capacity for up to 135solutions with the PSD120 ProgrammableSample Dispenser

• Extends operation and reduce carouselchanges in laboratories with high sampleworkloads, using the high capacity carousel

• Eliminates method development withthe SRM Wizard. This automatically

optimizes the furnace parameters andcreates a method utilizing therecommended conditions

• Automates preparation of calibrationstandards and standard additions spikes,performs automatic over range volumereduction and utlizes flexible dispensingoptions such as hot inject or multi-injectwith the sophisticated sampling ofthe PSD120

• Ensures reduced analytical cycle timesas the autosampler is synchronized with

furnace operation — solutions are collectedwhile the furnace is in operation

• Provides operator friendly fumeextraction during furnace operation usingthe optional fume extraction system

• Provides flexible programming withup to 20 temperature steps and choice of gas type and flow

• Enables simple and rapid change-overfrom flame to furnace

The high capacitycarousel reduceschanges and can holdup to 135 solutions.


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The ConstantTemperature Zoneensures a uniformtemperature profilealong the length ofthe tube, reducinginterferences andimproving accuracy.

Speed up methoddevelopment and getmore reliable resultsby using Tube-CAM tomonitor your analysisin real-time (left).

Extend tube lifetimesand reduce gasconsumption by 40%with the GTA120.Typical lifetimesfor an aqueouscopper standardwith an atomizationtemperature of2300 °C are shown(above).

Simplify method

development for allusers using the powerfuland convenient SRMWizard. An optimizationstudy for Pb withphosphate modifieris shown.

0.000

A b s o r b a n c e

R e p l i c a t e P r e c i s i o n

Firings

Absorbance

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Precision

0

10

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

A c t u a l T e m p e r a t u r e ( d e g .

C )

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Distance from Tube Centre (mm)

Programmed 2450 Programmed 1800


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The world’s best Zeeman AA

Varian’s patented Zeeman background

correction* enhances graphite furnacesystem performance with correction overthe full wavelength range for structuredbackground, spectral interferences and highbackground absorbances.

• Outstanding performance at ppb levelsfrom the Constant Temperature Zonefurnace design

• Easy alignment — only a single light sourceis required

• Most accurate correction with Varian’s

unique magnetic waveform providingdouble the background correction speed of competing Longitudinal Zeeman instruments

• Three point polynomial interpolationof the background signal ensures accuratebackground signal measurement

• Polynomial interpolation provides up to an11-fold improvement in correction accuracyover competing systems using simple linearinterpolation (bracketing)

• Flexibility to handle difficult samples

quickly and effectively. Optimum conditionsfor your analysis (drying, ashing andatomization temperatures, modifiers, injectionvolumes, etc.) can be rapidly developed usingthe SRM Wizard and Tube-CAM

• Optimum conditions ensure highsensitivity and freedom from interferences.Competing systems may compromiseperformance by limiting elements or thewavelengths available for analysis, or evencompromising furnace conditions

• Ultra trace level detection limits using Varian’s high intensity UltrAA lamps, whichboost the emission intensity for reducednoise and enhance sensitivity

• Simple plug-in capability for highperformance UltrAA lamps. No additionalpower supply is required

Zeeman backgroundcorrection has beenwidely accepted byinternational regulatoryagencies (such as theUS EPA) as the mosteffective backgroundcorrection technique.

Varian Zeemansystems have developeda reputation foroutstanding sensitivityand maximumperformance withchallenging samples.

* US patent no. 4,341,470


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Achieving accurate Zeeman background correction

What is the Zeeman effect?The Zeeman effect is the splitting andpolarization of atomic spectral lines in thepresence of a magnetic field. The magneticfield has little effect on molecular speciesand particulates that can cause backgroundabsorption. The Zeeman technique usesthe magnetic field to achieve accuratebackground correction. With the magnet off,the total absorbance is measured. Once themagnetic field is applied to the atomizer,the spectral profile is split and only thebackground absorbance is measured.

The background absorbance (magnet on)is then subtracted from the totalabsorbance (magnet off) to determine theatomic absorbance.

Varian’s Zeeman solution Varian Zeeman systems feature thetransverse AC modulated Zeemanconfiguration with the field applied acrossthe atomizer. This avoids the sensitivitylosses observed with a DC (permanent)magnet, and maximizes light throughoutcompared with longitudinal designs where

end caps restrict the light passing throughthe pole pieces of the magnet. Varian’sunique magnetic waveform provides adelay time of less than 5 ms betweenmeasurements and collects 100/120 datapoints every second (at 50/60 Hz).

The principle of the

transverse (AC) Zeemantechnique.

Magnet Off — the totalabsorbance is measured.

Magnet On — Zeemansplitting of the atomicabsorption profileoccurs and the polarizerexcludes the central picomponent. This allowsonly backgroundabsorbance to bemeasured at the exactanalytical wavelength.

A typical backgroundsignal is shown (black). Varian’s 100/120 Hzmodulation andpolynomial interpolationwith twice as manymeasurements providesimproved correction(red). Errors are muchhigher when usingconventional linearinterpolation(bracketing) at mainsfrequency (blue).

Varian Zeemansystems use threepoint polynomialinterpolations toaccurately track thebackground signal,resulting in an 11-foldimprovement incorrection accuracy.

Totalabsorbancesignal

Calculatedsignalinferior

Magnet on (Background abs)

Background tobe calculated atthis ‘magnet off’measurement

Magnet off (Total abs)

Linear Interpolation Procedure

Polynomial Interpolation Procedure

Totalabsorbancesignal

Magnet On (Background abs)

Background tobe calculated atthis ‘magnet off’measurement

Magnet Off (Total abs)

0 -0.030

B a c k g r o u n d A b s o r b a n c e

A t o m i c A b s o r b a n c e

Time (ms)

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

2

50 100 150 200


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Satisfying your analysis challenges

Every analysis presents its own challenges.

Tune performance to achieve the best,most accurate results as quickly as possiblewith Varian’s Mark 7 atomization system.No other system is as flexible or convenient.

• Tune performance using the externallyadjustable impact bead

• Achieve high sensitivity — typically> 0.9 Abs. from 5 mg/L Cu

• Optimize precision — typical performanceis < 0.5% RSD from ten 5 secondintegrations

• Mixing paddles provide a fine aerosol,extending operation with high dissolvedsolids solutions

• Thorough mixing ensures precise, accuratedeterminations with reduced interferences

• Efficient drainage eliminates spiking,

memory effects or long wash-out times,enabling higher sample throughput

• Simple to use ‘twist and lock’ assemblysimplifies routine maintenance

• Corrosion-resistant components provideincreased durability

• Minimal burner blockage is assured bythe contoured burner design. This providesoutstanding resistance to blockage, evenwith the most difficult samples

• Compatibility with organic solvents —simply fit organic resistant o-rings

The key components of the Mark 7 atomizationsystem – the patented*nebulizer, spraychamber and burner –are designed to givebest precision, efficientdrainage, minimalburner blockage and

reduced interferences.

* Australian patent no. 737783


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Value added consumable products

Continue to benefit from the superior

performance of your Varian AA by selectingonly genuine Varian consumables.

Only Varian has the experience requiredto consistently produce high performancelamps. Since the development of Techtron’sfirst range of hollow cathode lamps in the1960s, Varian has continued to researchand manufacture its own range of lamps. Varian’s extensive range includes single-element and solid-cathode multi-elementlamps, plus high-intensity UltrAA lampsfor superior cost-effective performance.Continuum lamps for background correctionsystems are also available.

Varian is committed to providing a fullrange of consumable products and suppliesat affordable prices, supported by superiorcustomer service. Call today to request yourfree copy of our comprehensive analyticalsupplies catalog. This features thousandsof products for GC, LC, MS, AA, ICP-OES,ICP-MS, UV-Vis-NIR, Fluorescence andSample Preparation from Varian and otherleading manufacturers. You can also shoponline at www.varianinc.com

Varian manufacturesits own range oflamps to guaranteeperformance and

reliability.


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Our experience – your advantage

Confirm data validity

• Extensive rate and label driven QualityControl Protocols are provided to enable youto check precision, monitor QC standardsand more

• Satisfy reporting requirements forinternational regulatory agencies using theoptional PRO software, which providesadditional QC capabilities

• Customize the QC capabilities of the PROsoftware to suit your laboratory’s QC systemusing the simple equation editor

Eliminate compliance headachesOptional SpectrAA CFR software helpsyou achieve compliance with the US FDA 21CFR 11 ruling, and provides:

• Multi-level access with specific privilegesfor each user

• Secure electronic records, full data audittrails and three levels of electronic signing(comment, review or final acceptance)

Certify instrument performance• Certify performance of your instrument

using Varian’s Qualification services

• Comprehensive qualification plansfor flame, furnace and vapor operationare available in Varian’s validationdocumentation

• Automate OQ testing with minimal userinput using Varian’s AA Validate software

• Ensure a secure audit record with thequalification test records

• Qualification services can be included as

part of a comprehensive support agreement

Timely solutions for your support needs

Purchasing a Varian instrument is just the beginning of our partnership.Enhance productivity, minimize downtimeand maximize the return on yourinvestment with Varian’s comprehensiverange of technical support services.

These include:

• Direct access to technical expertsoperating our support hotlines in NorthAmerica and Europe*

• Expert on-site support from our

worldwide network of highly skilled,factory trained customer servicerepresentatives

• Online Telediagnostics™ support,enabling remote troubleshooting anddiagnosis at any location

• On-site applications developmentand support

• Classroom or customized on-sitetraining in your laboratory for both newand experienced users

Varian’s well established global networkof subsidiaries and representativesoffers complete sales, service, training,and applications support for our rangeof scientific instruments.

* Support hotlines may be available inselected other regions

“ Varianunderstands our needs andour business.The support fromVarian helps usto confidentlydeliver our resultsat the level our

customers expect.Doreen Fernandez,Laboratory OperationsManager, Agrifood Techno


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Web integrated

The SpectrAA software links you directlyto all of Varian’s support resources.Use the Varian website www.varianinc.comto download applications and softwareupdates, shop online, track your orderstatus, view the latest product updates,or you can email us with your questions.

SafetyIt is Varian’s policy to manufacture safeproducts and to meet all legal requirementsgoverning the design, manufacture andsale of safe products. As with all similarproducts, the following hazards may bepresent: high temperatures, high pressuregases, explosive gases, UV and visible light,and electricity. Each product is designed toprotect operators from potential hazards.

Varian, Inc. supplies instructions thatdescribe the correct procedures for theoperation and maintenance of each product.

For clarity, some images in this brochuremay show the spectrometer operatingwithout safety covers. Ensure all safety

covers, chimney, etc. are in place fornormal operation.

Varian atomic absorption spectrometers aredesigned to determine the concentrationsof trace and major elements in solution.

Varian AA instruments arecertified to comply with therequirements of the EMC and

LV directives of the European Union.

Varian Zeeman AA instruments also complywith the guidelines established by the

International Commission on Non-IonizingRadiation Protection (ICNIRP) foroccupational exposure to time-varyingmagnetic fields.

Confirming Australia’s grain qualityAgrifood Technology, a worldwide leader in grain testing,rely on Varian AA and GC instruments to maintain theircompetitive edge. Agrifoods pride themselves on the qualityof their results and turnaround time. With thousands ofsamples to run, critical deadlines and instruments running upto 24/7, Agrifoods “cannot wait days for service support” and “can’t service the growing demand for pesticide analysiswithout the right equipment”. Varian service contracts providethem with cost effective solutions for both preventative

maintenance and urgent repairs.


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Varian, Inc. is committedto a process of continuous

improvement which

demands that we

understand and then meet

or exceed the needs and

expectations of our

customers—both inside

and outside the company—

in everything we do.

Varian, Inc. • www.varianinc.com• North America 800.926.3000, 1.925.939.2400

• Europe The Netherlands 31.11.867.1000

• Asia Pacific Australia 613.9560.7133

• Latin America Brazil 55.11.3845.0444

• China 86.21.6375.6969

• Japan 81.3.5232.1239

• Korea 82.2.3452.2452

• Taiwan 886.22.698.9555

• India 91.22.2431.3069

Other sales offices and dealers throughout the world

8510214700 5/04 Printed in Australia

• Varian Sales and Dealer Offices

GC • LC • MS • AAS • ICP • UV-Vis-NIR • Fluorescence • Dissolution • NMR• Consumable Products

Varian, Inc.

serving worldwide markets in:

Agriculture

Basic Chemical

Biotechnology

ClinicalElectronics

Environmental

Photonics

Toxicology

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