vaccines and global health: the week in review 8 february 2014 [#vaccines #immunization #ethics...

8/13/2019 Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review 8 February 2014 [#vaccines #immunization #ethics #equity #a

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Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review8 February 2014Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy (CVEP)

This weekly summary targets news, events, announcements, articles and research in the vaccine and global healthethics and policy space and is aggregated from key governmental, NGO, international organization and industrysources, key peer-reviewed journals, and other media channels. This summary proceeds from the broad base ofthemes and issues monitored by the Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy in its work: it is not intended to be exhaustivein its coverage. Vaccines: The Week in Review is also posted in pdf form and as a set of blog posts athttp://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/.This blog allows full-text searching of over 3,500 entries.

Comments and suggestions should be directed to

David R. Curry, MSEditor andExecutive DirectorCenter for Vaccine Ethics & [email protected]

WHO Media Note: Measles deaths reach record lows with fragile gains toward globalelimination6 February 2014Excerpt

New mortality estimates from WHO show that annual measles deaths have reached historiclows, dropping 78% from more than 562,000 in 2000 to 122,000 in 2012. During this timeperiod,an estimated 13.8 million deaths have been prevented by measles vaccinationandsurveillance data showed that reported cases declined 77% from 853,480 to 226,722.These gains are a result of global routine measles immunization coverage holding steady at84% and 145 countries having introduced a routine second dose of measles vaccine to ensureimmunity and prevent outbreaks. In addition to routine immunization, countries vaccinated 145million children during mass campaigns against measles in 2012 and reached more than 1billion since 2000, with the support of the Measles & Rubella Initiative.

Despite the impressive gains made, progress towards measles elimination remains unevenwith some populations still unprotected. Measles continues to be a global threat, with five of sixWHO regions still experiencing large outbreaks and with the Region of the Americas respondingto many importations of measles cases. The African, Eastern Mediterranean and Europeanregions are not likely to meet their measles elimination targets on time. The Region of the

Americas has achieved measles elimination and continues to maintain this status while theWestern Pacific region is approaching its target.

Routine measles vaccination coverage is an important progress indicator towards meetingMillennium Development Goal Four3 because of its potential to reduce child mortality andwidely recognized as a marker of access to childrens health services http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2014/measles-20140206/en/index.html
http://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2014/measles-20140206/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2014/measles-20140206/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2014/measles-20140206/en/index.htmlmailto:[email protected]://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/


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The Weekly Epidemiological Report (WER) for 7 February 2014,vol. 89, 6 (pp. 45

52) includes::: Global control and regional elimination of measles, 20002012http://www.who.int/entity/wer/2014/wer8906.pdf?ua=1

[See also JAMA Pediatricsin Journal Watch below]

Update: Polio this week -As of 5 February 2014Global Polio Eradication InitiativeFull report: http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspx[Editors extract and bolded text]:: In a commentary piece published last week in the Lancet, WHO Regional Director for theEastern Mediterranean Dr Ala Alwan, and WHO Assistant Director-General for Polio,Emergencies and Country Collaboration Dr Bruce Aylward, outline the challenges to meet thecountrys health needs, and what WHO and its partners are doing to urgently support regional

polio outbreak response activities.More.:: Pakistan remains the only country with areas of uncontrolled transmission of polio,particularly in parts of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.More than 80% of cases in Pakistan since September are from these areas.Pakistan:: Three new WPV1 cases were reported in the past week, two from North Waziristan in FATA(with onset of paralysis on 10 and 16 January 2014), and one from greater Karachi, Sindh (withonset of paralysis on 31 December 2013). The total number of cases for 2013 is 93. The totalnumber of cases in 2014 is seven. The most recent case had onset of paralysis on 16 January2014 (WPV1 from North Waziristan):: North Waziristan is the district with the largest number of children being paralyzed bypoliovirus in the world (both wild and VDPV2). Immunization activities have been suspended bylocal leaders since June 2012. It is critical that children in all areas are vaccinated and protectedfrom poliovirus. Immunizations in neighbouring high-risk areas are being intensified, to furtherboost population immunity levels in those areas and prevent further spread of this outbreak.:: Since September, 67 WPV1 cases have been reported from Pakistan, 55 of them from FATAand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. North Waziristan has had 35 of the countrys 93 WPV1 cases in 2013and all seven WPV1 cases in 2014. Additionally, North Waziristan had 38 of the countrys 45cVDPV2 cases in 2013, and one from 2014.:: Peshawar is considered to be the main engine of transmission, alongside North Waziristan,due to large-scale population movements through Peshawar from across this region, and intoother areas of Pakistan. The quality of operations must be urgently improved in Peshawar, andimmunizations resumed in North Waziristan.

:: However, at the same time, concerning trends have been noted in greater Karachi, Sindh, inQuetta, Balochistan, and environmental positives isolates from every major city of Punjabconfirm widespread virus circulation.

UN: Polio vaccination campaign begins at besieged Palestinian refugee camp inSyriahttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47088&Cr=syria&Cr1=#.UvZZXbQt7Kd Excerpt
http://www.who.int/entity/wer/2014/wer8906.pdf?ua=1http://www.who.int/entity/wer/2014/wer8906.pdf?ua=1http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://polioeradication.org/tabid/488/iid/350/Default.aspxhttp://polioeradication.org/tabid/488/iid/350/Default.aspxhttp://polioeradication.org/tabid/488/iid/350/Default.aspxhttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47088&Cr=syria&Cr1=#.UvZZXbQt7Kdhttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47088&Cr=syria&Cr1=#.UvZZXbQt7Kdhttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47088&Cr=syria&Cr1=#.UvZZXbQt7Kdhttp://polioeradication.org/tabid/488/iid/350/Default.aspxhttp://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://www.who.int/entity/wer/2014/wer8906.pdf?ua=1


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5 February 2014The United Nations agency assisting Palestinian refugees said today it hasbegun a large-scale polio vaccination campaign targeting thousands of children in the Yarmoukrefugee camp in Damascus.

The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)and itspartners have been attempting for months to take desperately needed aid, particularly food andmedicines, to Yarmouk, whose 18,000 residents have been trapped for months amid theongoing conflict in Syria.We are pleased to announce that UNRWA has secured the formal authorization for the

transfer of 10,000 polio vaccines to Yarmouk Camp in Damascus, said Chris Gunness, aspokesperson for the Agency.This process has been completed without incident and the vaccination of thousands children

in the camp is now underway

Pakistan: Government vows to eradicate polio in 2014The International NewsFebruary 06, 2014 From Print Editionhttp://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014

UNITED NATIONS: Despite the security challenges, Ambassador Masood Khan has told a UnitedNations panel that Pakistan, under the leadership of Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif,hopes to eradicate polio in 2014.We have come a long way in eliminating polio from the country, he told the UNICEF

Executive Board which opened this years first session on Tuesday.Almost 95 percent of the country is now polio free. More is needed, however, the Pakistani

envoy said. We are therefore now implementing an augmented National Emergency ActionPlan (NEAP) to eradicate polio in 2014, he told delegates. Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif is leading the efforts to eradicate polio which

threatens our future generations. To accomplish this mission, the prime minister has created aPolio Eradication Cell in his office and has designated a focal point to coordinate actionsbetween the federal, provincial and local governments.

The Pakistani envoy said President Mamnoon Hussain launched immunization programme inKhyber Pakhtunkhwa last month by convening a Grand Jirga where he secured the support oflocal community, specially Ulema and tribal leaders.Despite security challenges, our valiant polio workers continue to perform their tasks with

devotion and dedication, Masood Khan said. We salute their perseverance and commitment.We condemn terrorist attacks against them. We pay a tribute to the volunteers who have losttheir lives while eradicating the menace of polio from our country.http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014

The Lawrence Ellison Foundation announced a planned gift of US$100 million overfive years to support global polio eradication, noting that roughly US$20 million of that

contribution was delivered in 2013. The donation will help fund the Global Polio EradicationInitiative's (GPEI) $5.5 billion six-year plan to eradicate polio.http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lawrence-ellison-foundation-joins-global-effort-to-end-polio-with-100-million-donation-244530111.html

WHO: Global Alert and Response (GAR)Disease Outbreak News
http://www.unrwa.org/index.phphttp://www.unrwa.org/index.phphttp://www.unrwa.org/index.phphttp://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lawrence-ellison-foundation-joins-global-effort-to-end-polio-with-100-million-donation-244530111.htmlhttp://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lawrence-ellison-foundation-joins-global-effort-to-end-polio-with-100-million-donation-244530111.htmlhttp://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lawrence-ellison-foundation-joins-global-effort-to-end-polio-with-100-million-donation-244530111.htmlhttp://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lawrence-ellison-foundation-joins-global-effort-to-end-polio-with-100-million-donation-244530111.htmlhttp://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lawrence-ellison-foundation-joins-global-effort-to-end-polio-with-100-million-donation-244530111.htmlhttp://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-28417-Pakistan-vows-to-eradicate-polio-in-2014http://www.unrwa.org/index.php


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http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_03_12/en/index.html:: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)update7 February 2014

On 3 February 2014, United Arab Emirates (UAE) notified WHO of an additional laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infectionGlobally, from September 2012 to date, WHO has been informed of a total of 182 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, including 79 deaths

:: Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virusupdate7 February 2014On 5 February 2014, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of Chinanotified WHO of ten additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avianinfluenza A(H7N9) virus So far, there is no evidence of sustained human-to-humantransmission.The Chinese Government continues to take the following surveillance and control measures:- strengthen surveillance and situation analysis;- reinforce case management and treatment;- conduct risk communication with the public and release information;- strengthen international collaboration and communication; and- conduct scientific studies.While the recent report of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus being detected in live poultry

imported from the mainland to Hong Kong SAR, shows the potential for the virus to spreadthrough live poultry, at this time there is no indication that international spread of avianinfluenza A(H7N9) has occurred through humans or animals.

Further sporadic human cases of A(H7N9) infection are expected in affected and possiblyneighbouring areas, especially given expected increases in the trade and transport of poultryassociated with the Lunar New Year

:: Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virusupdate5 February 2014:: Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virusupdate5 February 2014

WHO: Humanitarian Health Action

http://www.who.int/hac/en/index.htmlNo new content identified.

GAVI Watch[to 8 February 2014]:: Dr Robert Newman appointed head of Policy and Performance at GAVI AllianceGenevaExcerpt

3 February 2014 - Dr Robert Newman has joined the GAVI Alliance as the new ManagingDirector of Policy and Performance. He will be responsible for ensuring GAVI retains its positionas a leading performer in terms of results and value for money.

Dr Newman will be based at the Alliances Geneva headquarters and will report to theExecutive Office. He will lead teams focused on ensuring the organisation is delivering on itsstrategic plan, market shaping and monitoring and evaluating the performance of itsprogrammes.I am delighted to be joining GAVI, and be part of a dynamic and dedicated team working in

partnership to deliver on a clear and compelling mission, he said of his appointment. As apaediatrician, it is a particular honour to become part of an organisation whose success iscritical for the health of children around the world.
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_03_12/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05bis/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05bis/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05bis/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/hac/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/hac/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_05bis/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_02_07mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_03_12/en/index.html


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Roberts appointment comes at a critical time for the GAVI Alliance as we look towards ournext strategic period, said Dr Seth Berkley. The skills and experience that he will bring toGAVI will play an important part in helping us reach more children with lifesaving vaccines.

Dr Newman succeeds Nina Schwalbe who is leaving GAVI to take up the position of PrincipalAdvisor, Health, at UNICEF in New York.

Dr Newman joins GAVI from the World Health Organization, where he has spent the pastfour-and-a-half years as the director of the Global Malaria Programme. During his time at WHO,Dr Newman led a team that redefined the global fight against malaria with improved evidencecollation and analysis and the creation of the Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to help guidecountries by translating the latest research into public health policieshttp://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/dr-robert-newman-appointed-head-of-policy-and-performance-at-gavi-alliance/

UNICEF Watchhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_67204.htmlEU and UNICEF boost their partnership to improve child and maternal health and to

save more childrenNEW YORK, 4 February 2014The European Union announced today that it has allocated 320million ($431 million) through UNICEF to improve the health and nutrition of children andwomen in 15 developing countries and to help speed progress in meeting the MillenniumDevelopment Goals.

CDC/MMWR Watch [to 8 February 2014]http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.htmlMMWRFebruary 7, 2014 / Vol. 63 / No. 5 ::Noninfluenza Vaccination Coverage Among AdultsUnited States, 2012Walter W. Williams, MD1, Peng-Jun Lu, MD, PhD1, Alissa O'Halloran, MSPH1, Carolyn B.Bridges, MD1,Tamara Pilishvili, MPH2, Craig M. Hales3, MD, Lauri E. Markowitz, MD4 (Authoraffiliations at end of text)ExcerptVaccinations are recommended throughout life to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and

their sequelae. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most routinelyrecommended vaccines (1)and well below Healthy People 2020 targets.* In October 2013, the

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the adult immunizationschedule for 2014 (2). With the exception of influenza vaccination, which is recommended forall adults each year, vaccinations recommended for adults target different populations based onage, health conditions, behavioral risk factors (e.g., injection drug use), occupation, travel, andother indications (2). To assess vaccination coverage among adults aged 19 years for selected

vaccines, CDC analyzed data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Thisreport summarizes the results of that analysis for pneumococcal, tetanus toxoidcontaining(tetanus and diphtheria vaccine [Td] or tetanus and diphtheria with acellular pertussis vaccine[Tdap]), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, herpes zoster (shingles), and human papillomavirus (HPV)vaccines by selected characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, and vaccination target criteria).Influenza vaccination coverage estimates for the 201213 influenza season have beenpublished separately (3). Compared with 2011 (1), only modest increases occurred in Tdapvaccination among adults aged 1964 years, herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged 60
http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/dr-robert-newman-appointed-head-of-policy-and-performance-at-gavi-alliance/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/dr-robert-newman-appointed-head-of-policy-and-performance-at-gavi-alliance/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/dr-robert-newman-appointed-head-of-policy-and-performance-at-gavi-alliance/http://www.unicef.org/media/media_67204.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_71860.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_71860.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a4.htm?s_cid=mm6305a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a4.htm?s_cid=mm6305a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a4.htm?s_cid=mm6305a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a4.htm?s_cid=mm6305a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a4.htm?s_cid=mm6305a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a7.htm?s_cid=mm6305a7_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6204a2.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a4.htm?s_cid=mm6305a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_71860.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_71860.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_67204.htmlhttp://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/dr-robert-newman-appointed-head-of-policy-and-performance-at-gavi-alliance/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/dr-robert-newman-appointed-head-of-policy-and-performance-at-gavi-alliance/


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years, and HPV vaccination among women aged 1926 years; coverage among adults in theUnited States for the other vaccines did not improve. Racial/ethnic gaps in coverage persistedfor all six vaccines and widened for Tdap, herpes zoster, and HPV vaccination. Increases invaccination coverage are needed to reduce the occurrence of vaccine-preventable diseasesamong adults. The Community Preventive Services Task Force and other authorities haverecommended that health-care providers incorporate vaccination needs assessment,recommendation, and offer of vaccination into routine clinical practice for adult patients (4,5)::Global Control and Regional Elimination of Measles, 20002012::Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended ImmunizationSchedules for Persons Aged 0 Through 18 YearsUnited States, 2014::Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended ImmunizationSchedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or OlderUnited States, 2014

European Medicines Agency Watch [to 8 February 2014]http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/07/02/2014

European Medicines Agency updates guidance for annual strain change of seasonalinfluenza vaccines

The European Medicines Agency has published an update to its guidance for the annual strainchange of influenza vaccines. This update ensures that EU requirements for the annual strainchange reflect current knowledge, and is consistent with the approach taken by otherregulatory authorities globally.

The update introduces an improved system that allows strengthened and sustainablemonitoring of an influenza vaccines performance over the years in a real-life setting.

From the influenza season 2014-2015 onwards, vaccine manufacturers will be required tosubmit for each vaccine appropriate measures for proactive surveillance of the safety andeffectiveness to regulatory authorities for review. From the influenza season 2015-2016, withthe new system in place, the Agency no longer requires routine submission of clinical trials forannual strain-change updates.

The Agency will publish interim guidance by March 2014 on the principles of safetymonitoring commitments that should form part of the proactive surveillance.

UN Watch[to 8 February 2014]Selected meetings, press releases, and press conferences relevant to immunization, vaccines,infectious diseases, global health, etc.http://www.un.org/en/unpress/No new relevant content

World Bank/IMF Watch[to 8 February 2014]Selected media releases and other selected content relevant to immunization, vaccines,infectious diseases, global health, etc.http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/allNo new relevant content.

The National Institutes of Health, 10 biopharmaceutical companies and severalnonprofit organizations launched The Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP),
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described as an unprecedented partnership to transform the current model for identifying andvalidating the most promising biological targets of disease for new diagnostics and drugdevelopment. TheAMPaims to distinguish biological targets of disease most likely to respondto new therapies and characterize biological indicators of disease, known as biomarkers.Through the Foundation for the NIH (FNIH), AMP partners will invest more than US$230 millionover five years in the first projects, which focus on Alzheimers disease, type 2 diabetes, andthe autoimmune disorders rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus).

A critical and groundbreaking element of the partnership is the agreement that the data andanalyses generated will be made publicly available to the broad biomedical community. Thethree- to five-year, milestone-driven pilot projects in these disease areas could set the stage forbroadening AMP to other diseases and conditions.Full media release:http://www.nih.gov/news/health/feb2014/od-04.htm

The Global Fund said it accepted recommendations of its Sanctions Panel toreprimand two international suppliers of mosquito netsand to set mandatory terms forcontinued engagement in the future. The Sanctions Panel, composed of independent legal,

compliance and ethics experts, recommended three conditions for continued engagement withthe two suppliers, Vestergaard Frandsen and Sumitomo Chemical Co. First, each supplier mustengage an independent compliance monitor to assess the suppliers internal controls and thento verify the implementation of improvements and report back to the Global Fund by 30 June2014, with a second progress update by the end of 2014. Second, each supplier would beobligated to make a contribution of 1 million long-lasting insecticide-treated nets to a PrincipalRecipient of a Global Fund grant. Third, each supplier would need to subscribe to an anti-bribery pact for manufacturers of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, and commit to raisingindustry support for such a pact. Mark Dybul, the Executive Director of the Global Fund,accepted the recommendations and thanked the panel for determining an appropriate responseand a constructive, forward-looking approach. The outcome is geared toward ensuring that allsuppliers are held accountable for their actions and also toward encouraging ethical behavior.The global Fund said that ach supplier has agreed to these conditions for continuedengagement, and the Global Fund has lifted the suspension on their contractshttp://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/announcements/2014-02-05_Global_Fund_Accepts_Recommendations_of_Sanctions_Panel/

Reports/Research/Analysis/Commentary/Conferences/Meetings/BookWatchVaccines and Global Health: The Week in Reviewhas expanded its coverage of new reports,books, research and analysis published independent of the journal channel covered in JournalWatch below. Our interests span immunization and vaccines, as well as global public health,health governance, and associated themes. If you would like to suggest content to be includedin this service, please contact David Curry at:[email protected]

US HHS: The State of the National Vaccine Plan - 2013January 2014
http://www.nih.gov/news/health/feb2014/od-04.htmhttp://www.nih.gov/news/health/feb2014/od-04.htmhttp://www.nih.gov/news/health/feb2014/od-04.htmhttp://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/announcements/2014-02-05_Global_Fund_Accepts_Recommendations_of_Sanctions_Panel/http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/announcements/2014-02-05_Global_Fund_Accepts_Recommendations_of_Sanctions_Panel/http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/announcements/2014-02-05_Global_Fund_Accepts_Recommendations_of_Sanctions_Panel/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/announcements/2014-02-05_Global_Fund_Accepts_Recommendations_of_Sanctions_Panel/http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/announcements/2014-02-05_Global_Fund_Accepts_Recommendations_of_Sanctions_Panel/http://www.nih.gov/news/health/feb2014/od-04.htm


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The State of the National Vaccine Plan, the first of what will be an annual report, provides anoverview of recent accomplishments and progress made by the U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services and its partners that fall under the five goals of the 2010 National VaccinePlan. The 2010 National Vaccine Plan provides a guiding vision for vaccines and immunization inthe United States for the decade 20102020.

The report also includes expert commentaries by leaders within the government and fromexternal stakeholder organizations. The commentaries, which can be found accompanying theprogress report for each goal, discuss issues in vaccines and immunization that need continuedattention moving forward.Additionally, the report features an overview of the accomplishments and contributions of the

National Vaccine Advisory Committee, which has been providing expert guidance to the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services on vaccine-related topics for 25 years.Goal 1: Develop new and improved vaccines.Goal 2: Enhance the vaccine safety system.Goal 3: Support communications to enhance informed vaccine decision-making.Goal 4: Ensure a stable supply of, access to, and better use of recommended vaccines in theUnited States.

Goal 5: Increase global prevention of death and disease through safe and effective vaccination.- Download The State of the National Vaccine Plan 2013 Annual Report[PDF]

Meeting: The Launch of the [U.S.] Global Health Security AgendaCenter for Strategic and International StudiesFebruary 13, 2014 3:00pm-4:30pm (EST) OnlineWashington, D.C., 20036

Dr. Thomas C. Frieden, Director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), and Ms. Laura Holgate, Senior Director, WMD Terrorism and Threat Reduction, NationalSecurity Council, will discuss the administration's launch of the new Global Health Security

Agenda. Independent scientific, security and health experts will offer their perspectives on theGHS Agenda, including how they might in the future best contribute substantively to it. On thedais, kicking off that conversation will be Deborah Rosenblum, NTI, Kavita Berger, AAAS, TomInglesby, UPMC, and Nigel Lightfoot, CORDS.RSVP and web access information: www.SmartGlobalHealth.org/GHSAgenda

Journal WatchVaccines and Global Health: The Week in Reviewcontinues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews andother content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watchis not

intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is activelytracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that arespecifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may requiresubscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact DavidCurry at:[email protected]
http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-1/nvp-2013-goal-1.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-1/nvp-2013-goal-1.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-2/nvp-2013-goal-2.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-2/nvp-2013-goal-2.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-3/nvp-2013-goal-3.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-3/nvp-2013-goal-3.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-4/nvp-2013-goal-4.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-4/nvp-2013-goal-4.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-4/nvp-2013-goal-4.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-5/nvp-2013-goal-5.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-5/nvp-2013-goal-5.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/nvpo-annual-report2013.pdfhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/nvpo-annual-report2013.pdfhttp://smartglobalhealth.org/page/m/c78063c/35488746/2febc5/26148fc1/1341351465/VEsF/http://smartglobalhealth.org/page/m/c78063c/35488746/2febc5/26148fc1/1341351465/VEsF/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://smartglobalhealth.org/page/m/c78063c/35488746/2febc5/26148fc1/1341351465/VEsF/http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/nvpo-annual-report2013.pdfhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-5/nvp-2013-goal-5.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-4/nvp-2013-goal-4.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-4/nvp-2013-goal-4.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-3/nvp-2013-goal-3.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-2/nvp-2013-goal-2.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/annual-report-2013/goal-1/nvp-2013-goal-1.html


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The American Journal of BioethicsVolume 14,Issue 1, 2014http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYSpecial Issue Focus: The SUPPORT Controversy and the Debate Over ResearchWithin the Standard of Care[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

American Journal of Infection ControlVol 42 | No. 2 | February 2014 | Pages 93-214http://www.ajicjournal.org/current[No relevant content]

American Journal of Preventive MedicineVol 46 | No. 2 | February 2014 | Pages 103-218http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

[Reviewed earlier]

American Journal of Public HealthVolume 104, Issue S1 (February 2014)http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current[Reviewed earlier]

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneFebruary 2014; 90(2)http://www.ajtmh.org/content/currentDeterminants and Coverage of Vaccination in Children in Western Kenya from a2003 Cross-Sectional SurveyLisa M. Calhoun, Anna M. van Eijk, Kim A. Lindblade, Frank O. Odhiambo, Mark L. Wilson,Elizabeth Winterbauer, Laurence Slutsker, and Mary J. Hamel

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014 90:234-241; Published online December 16, 2013,doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0127http://www.ajtmh.org/content/90/2/234.abstract

AbstractThis study assesses full and timely vaccination coverage and factors associated with fullvaccination in children ages 1223 months in Gem, Nyanza Province, Kenya in 2003. A simplerandom sample of 1,769 households was selected, and guardians were invited to bring children

under 5 years of age to participate in a survey. Full vaccination coverage was 31.1% among244 children. Only 2.2% received all vaccinations in the target month for each vaccination. Inmultivariate logistic regression, children of mothers of higher parity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27,95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.130.65, P 0.01), children of mothers with lowermaternal education (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.130.97, P 0.05), or children in households withthe spouse absent versus present (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.170.91, P 0.05) were less likelyto be fully vaccinated. These data serve as a baseline from which changes in vaccinationcoverage will be measured as interventions to improve vaccination timeliness are introduced.
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uajb20?open=14#vol_14http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uajb20?open=14#vol_14http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYhttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYhttp://www.ajicjournal.org/currenthttp://www.ajicjournal.org/currenthttp://www.ajpmonline.org/currenthttp://www.ajpmonline.org/currenthttp://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/currenthttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/currenthttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/90/2/234.abstracthttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/90/2/234.abstracthttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/90/2/234.abstracthttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/currenthttp://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://www.ajpmonline.org/currenthttp://www.ajicjournal.org/currenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYhttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uajb20?open=14#vol_14


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Annals of Internal Medicine4 February 2014, Vol. 160. No. 3http://annals.org/issue.aspxU.S. Physicians Perspective of Adult Vaccine DeliveryLaura P. Hurley, MD, MPH; Carolyn B. Bridges, MD; Rafael Harpaz, MD, MPH; Mandy A. Allison,MD, MSPH; Sean T. OLeary, MD; Lori A. Crane, PhD, MPH; Michaela Brtnikova, PhD;ShannonStokley, MPH; Brenda L. Beaty, MSPH; Andrea Jimenez-Zambrano, MPH; Faruque Ahmed, PhD;Craig Hales, MD, MPH; and Allison Kempe, MD, MPHhttp://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819120

AbstractBackground: Adults are at substantial risk for vaccine-preventable disease, but their vaccinationrates remain low.Objective: To assess practices for assessing vaccination status and stocking recommendedvaccines, barriers to vaccination, characteristics associated with reporting financial barriers todelivering vaccines, and practices regarding vaccination by alternate vaccinators.

Design: Mail and Internet-based survey.Setting: Survey conducted from March to June 2012.Participants: General internists and family physicians throughout the United States.Measurements: A financial barriers scale was created. Multivariable linear modeling for eachspecialty was performed to assess associations between a financial barrier score and physicianand practice characteristics.Results: Response rates were 79% (352 of 443) for general internists and 62% (255 of 409) forfamily physicians. Twenty-nine percent of general internists and 32% of family physiciansreported assessing vaccination status at every visit. A minority used immunization informationsystems (8% and 36%, respectively). Almost all respondents reported assessing need for andstocking seasonal influenza; pneumococcal; tetanus and diphtheria; and tetanus, diphtheria,and acellular pertussis vaccines. However, fewer assessed and stocked other recommendedvaccines. The most commonly reported barriers were financial. Characteristics significantlyassociated with reporting greater financial barriers included private practice setting, fewer than5 providers in the practice, and, for general internists only, having more patients with MedicarePart D. The most commonly reported reasons for referring patients elsewhere included lack ofinsurance coverage for the vaccine (55% for general internists and 62% for family physicians)or inadequate reimbursement (36% and 41%, respectively). Patients were most often referredto pharmacies/retail stores and public health departments.Limitations: Surveyed physicians may not be representative of all physicians.Conclusion: Improving adult vaccination delivery will require increased use of evidence-basedmethods for vaccination delivery and concerted efforts to resolve financial barriers, especiallyfor smaller practices and for general internists who see more patients with Medicare Part D.

Primary Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Editors Notes

ContextVaccination rates in adults are low, even though more than 95% of Americans who die ofvaccine-preventable disease each year are adults. General internists and family medicinephysicians were surveyed about vaccine perceptions and practices.Contribution
http://annals.org/issue.aspxhttp://annals.org/issue.aspxhttp://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819120http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819120http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819120http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819120http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819120http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819120http://annals.org/issue.aspx


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Barriers related to vaccine delivery included lack of regular assessment of vaccine status,insufficient stocking of some vaccines, and financial disincentives for vaccination in the primarycare setting. Use of electronic tools to record and prompt vaccination was low. Most physicianssurveyed accepted vaccination outside of the medical home but believed communicationbetween themselves and alternate vaccinators was suboptimal.ImplicationSystem changes are necessary to improve adult vaccination in the United States.

BMC Public Health(Accessed 8 February 2014)http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contentResearch articleChinese immigrant parents' vaccination decision making for children: a qualitativeanalysisLinda DL Wang, Wendy WT Lam, Joseph T Wu, Qiuyan Liao, Richard Fielding BMC Public Health2014, 14:133 (7 February 2014)

Abstract(provisional)BackgroundWhile immunization coverage rates for childhood routine vaccines in Hong Kong are almost100%, the uptake rates of optional vaccines remain suboptimal. Understanding parentaldecision-making for children's vaccination is important, particularly among minority groups whoare most vulnerable and underserved. This study explored how a subsample of new immigrantmothers from mainland China, a rapidly-growing subpopulation in Hong Kong, made decisionson various childhood and adolescent vaccines for their offspring, and identified key influencesaffecting their decision making.MethodsSemi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 Chinese new immigrant mothersrecruited by purposive sampling. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analyzedusing a Grounded Theory approach.ResultsParticipants' conversation revealed five underlying themes which influenced parents' vaccinationdecision-making: (1) Institutional factors, (2) Insufficient vaccination knowledge and advice, (3)

Affective impacts on motivation, (4) Vaccination barriers, and (5) Social influences. The role ofsocial norms appeared overwhelmingly salient influencing parents' vaccination decision making.Institutional factors shaped parent's perceptions of vaccination necessity. Fear of vaccine-targeted diseases was a key motivating factor for parents adopting vaccination. Insufficientknowledge about vaccines and targeted diseases, lack of advice from health professionals and,if provided, suspicions regarding the motivations for such advice were common issues.

Vaccination cost was a major barrier for many new immigrant parents.

ConclusionsSocial norms play a key role influencing parental vaccination decision-making. Insight gainedfrom this study will help inform healthcare providers in vaccination communication andpolicymakers in future vaccination programme.

British Medical BulletinVolume 108 Issue 1 December 2013
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contenthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contenthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/133http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/133http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/133http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/133http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/133http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/content


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http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

British Medical Journal08 February 2014 (Vol 348, Issue 7944)http://www.bmj.com/content/348/7944[No relevant content]

Bulletin of the World Health OrganizationVolume 92, Number 2, February 2014, 77-152http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/en/index.htmlEditorialNo universal health coverage without strong local health systemsBruno Meessen a, Belma Malanda b & for the Community of Practice Health Service Deliverya. Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000,

Antwerp, Belgium.b. Brussels, Belgium.Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2014;92:78-78A. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.135228Despite the current global and national momentum,1universal health coverage could remain anempty promise unless it is focussed on the provision of quality essential services to everyone.

And this, in turn, will not happen without strengthening local health systems.Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during massvaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in ChadPatrick Lydon, Simona Zipursky, Carole Tevi-Benissan, Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey, PlacideGbedonou, Brahim Oumar Youssouf & Michel Zaffranhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-123471-ab/en/index.html

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the potential economic benefits of keeping a meningitis A vaccine at or nearambient temperature for up to 4 days during a mass vaccination campaign.MethodsDuring a 10-day mass vaccination campaign against meningitis A in three regions of Chad in2011, the costs associated with storage and transport of the vaccine in a traditional cold chainsystem were evaluated. A mathematical model was used to estimate the savings that couldhave been achieved if the vaccine had been stored at or near ambient temperaturein a

controlled temperature chain at the peripheral levels of the supply chain system.Findings

The cost of the cold chain and associated logistics used in the campaign in Chad was 0.24United States dollars (US$) per person vaccinated. In the modelled scenario for a controlledtemperature chain, however, these costs dropped by 50% and were estimated to be onlyUS$ 0.12 per person vaccinated.ConclusionThe implementation of a controlled temperature chain at the most peripheral levels of thesupply chain systemassuming no associated loss of vaccine potency, efficacy or safety
http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.bmj.com/content/348/7944http://www.bmj.com/content/348/7944http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/en/index.htmlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.135228http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.135228http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/14-135228/en/index.html#R1http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/14-135228/en/index.html#R1http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/14-135228/en/index.html#R1http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-123471-ab/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-123471-ab/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-123471-ab/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/14-135228/en/index.html#R1http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.135228http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/en/index.htmlhttp://www.bmj.com/content/348/7944http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/current


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could result in major economic benefits and allow vaccine coverage to be extended in low-resource settings.Diarrhoea-related hospitalizations in children before and after implementation ofmonovalent rotavirus vaccination in MexicoMarcelino Esparza-Aguilar, Paul A Gastaaduy, Edgar Snchez-Uribe, Rishi Desai, Umesh DParashar, Vesta Richardson & Manish Patelhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-125286-ab/en/index.html

AbstractObjectiveTo assess, by socioeconomic setting, the effect of nationwide vaccination against species Arotavirus (RVA) on childhood diarrhoea-related hospitalizations in Mexico.MethodsData on children younger than 5 years who were hospitalized for diarrhoea in health ministryhospitals between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2011 were collected from monthlydischarge reports. Human development indexes were used to categorize the states wherehospitals were located as having generally high, intermediate or low socioeconomic status.

Annual rates of hospitalization for diarrhoeaper 10 000 hospitalizations for any causewere

calculated. Administrative data were used to estimate vaccine coverage.FindingsIn the states with high, intermediate and low socioeconomic status, coverage with a two-dosemonovalent RVA vaccineamong children younger than 5 yearshad reached 93%, 86% and71%, respectively, by 2010. The corresponding median annual rates of hospitalization fordiarrhoeaper 10 000 admissionsfell from 1001, 834 and 1033 in the prevaccine period of20032006, to 597, 497 and 705 in the postvaccine period from 2008 to 2011, respectively.These decreases correspond to rate reductions of 40% (95% confidence interval, CI: 3843),41% (95% CI: 3843) and 32% (95% CI: 2934), respectively. Nationwide, RVA vaccinationappeared to have averted approximately 16 500 hospitalizations for childhood diarrhoea in eachyear of the postvaccine period.ConclusionMonovalent RVA vaccination has substantially reduced childhood diarrhoea-relatedhospitalizations for four continuous years in discretely different socioeconomic populationsacross Mexico.

Clinical TherapeuticsVol 36 | No. 1 | 01 January 2014 | Pages 1-150http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current[Reviewed earlier]

Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation(Accessed 8 February 2014)http://www.resource-allocation.com/[No new relevant content]

Current Opinion in Infectious DiseasesFebruary 2014 - Volume 27 - Issue 1 pp: v-vi,1-114
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-125286-ab/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-125286-ab/en/index.htmlhttp://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/currenthttp://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/currenthttp://www.resource-allocation.com/http://www.resource-allocation.com/http://www.resource-allocation.com/http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/currenthttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/2/13-125286-ab/en/index.html


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http://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Developing World BioethicsDecember 2013 Volume 13, Issue 3 Pages iiii, 105170http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetoc[Reviewed earlier]

Development in PracticeVolume 23,Issue 8, 2013http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/current[No revenant content]

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Volume 20, Number 2February 2014http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htm[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

The European Journal of Public HealthVolume 24 Issue 1 February 2014http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

EurosurveillanceVolume 19, Issue 5, 06 February 2014http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678Research Articles

A cocoon immunisation strategy against pertussis for infants: does it make sense forOntario?by GH Lim, SL Deeks, NS Crowcroft

AbstractPertussis deaths occur primarily among infants who have not been fully immunised. In Ontario,Canada, an adult booster dose was recently added to the publicly funded immunisationprogramme. We applied number-needed-to-treat analyses to estimate the number of adultsthat would need to be vaccinated (NNV) to prevent pertussis disease, hospitalisation and death

among infants if a cocoon strategy were implemented. NNV=1/(PM X R) + 1/(PF X R), wherePM,PF (proportion of infants infected by mothers, fathers) were sourced from several studies.Rates of disease, hospitalisation or death (R) were derived from Ontarios reportable diseasedata and Discharge Abstract Database. After adjusting for under-reporting, the NNV to preventone case, hospitalisation or death from pertussis was between 5006,400, 12,00063,000 and1.112.8 million, respectively. Without adjustment, NNV increased to 5,00060,000, 55,000297,000 and 2.530.2 million, respectively. Rarer outcomes were associated with higher NNV.These analyses demonstrate the relative inefficiency of a cocoon strategy in Ontario, which has
http://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetochttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetochttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdip20?open=23#vol_23http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdip20?open=23#vol_23http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/currenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/currenthttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20688http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20688http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20688http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20688http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/currenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdip20?open=23#vol_23http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetochttp://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx


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a well-established universal immunisation programme with relatively high coverage and lowdisease incidence. Other jurisdictions considering a cocoon programme should consider theirlocal epidemiology.

Forum for Development StudiesVolume 40, Issue 3, 2013http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/sfds20/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Globalization and Health[Accessed 8 February 2014]http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/[No new relevant content]

Global Health GovernanceSummer 2013http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/category/complete-issues/summer-2013/[No new relevant content]

Global Health: Science and Practice (GHSP)November 2013 | Volume 1 | Issue 3http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Global Public HealthVolume 8, Issue 10, 2013http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current#.Uq0DgeKy-F9[Reviewed earlier]

Health AffairsFebruary 2014; Volume 33, Issue 2http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/currentTheme: Early Evidence, Future Promise Of Connected HealthConnected Health: Emerging Disruptive Technologies

John K. IglehartHealth Aff February 2014 33:190; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0042Extract

The explosion of knowledge through telecommunication is linking patients and providersseparated by geography. This development, in turn, is increasing the potential of the healthdelivery system to achieve the Triple Aim, the watchwords of reform driving changes inpublic- and private-sector actions outlined seven years ago in Health Affairs by Donald Berwick,Thomas Nolan, and John Whittington: better care, better health, and reduced per capita costs.
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This issue is largely devoted to papers that report early evidence and future promise ofconnected health, the umbrella term arrived at to lessen the confusion over the definitions oftelemedicine, telehealth, and mHealth.

The importance of an array of emerging technologies and services is certain to grow as morepeople who reside in rural locales or areas of provider scarcity gain coverage and team-basedcare becomes a more prominent feature of the delivery landscape

Health and Human RightsVolume 15, Issue 2http://www.hhrjournal.org/[Reviewed earlier]

Health Economics, Policy and LawVolume 9 - Issue 01 - January 2014http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissue

[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Health Policy and PlanningVolume 29 Issue 1 January 2014http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics(formerly Human Vaccines)February 2014 Volume 10, Issue 2http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/[Reviewed earlier]

Infectious Agents and Cancerhttp://www.infectagentscancer.com/content[Accessed 8 February 2014][No new relevant content]

Infectious Diseases of Povertyhttp://www.idpjournal.com/content

[Accessed 8 February 2014][No new relevant content]

International Journal of EpidemiologyVolume 42 Issue 6 December 2013http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]
http://www.hhrjournal.org/http://www.hhrjournal.org/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissuehttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissuehttp://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/http://www.infectagentscancer.com/contenthttp://www.infectagentscancer.com/contenthttp://www.idpjournal.com/contenthttp://www.idpjournal.com/contenthttp://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.idpjournal.com/contenthttp://www.infectagentscancer.com/contenthttp://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissuehttp://www.hhrjournal.org/


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International Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol 17 | No. 12 | December 2013http://www.ijidonline.com/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

JAMAFebruary 5, 2014, Vol 311, No. 5http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx[No relevant content]

JAMA PediatricsFebruary 2014, Vol 168, No. 2http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

EditorialThe Beginning of the End of Measles and RubellaMark Grabowsky, MD, MPH

AbstractMeasles was first imported into the New World in the early 16th century by European colonists,often with devastating effects on native populations. Rubella importation followed and led tocongenital rubella syndrome. It is estimated that during the following 5 centuries, more than200 million people globally died of measles. Disease incidence fell rapidly after the availability ofvaccines in the United States for measles in 1963 and rubella in 1969, and after the availabilityof a combined measles-rubella vaccine in 1971. As vaccination expanded into other countries ofthe Americas, the Pan American Health Organization established a goal to eliminate measlesfrom the Western hemisphere by 2002 and rubella by 2010. By 2004, transmission had beeninterrupted in the United States. However, there has been concern that pockets of transmissionpersisted or that transmission could be reestablished if immunization coverage levels declined.Elimination of Endemic Measles, Rubella, and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Fromthe Western Hemisphere: The US ExperienceMark J. Papania, MD, MPH; Gregory S. Wallace, MD, MPH; Paul A. Rota, PhD; JosephP. Icenogle, PhD; Amy Parker Fiebelkorn, MSN, MPH; Gregory L. Armstrong, MD; SusanE. Reef, MD; Susan B. Redd; Emily S. Abernathy, MS; Albert E. Barskey, MPH; Lijuan Hao, MD;Huong Q. McLean, PhD; Jennifer S. Rota, MPH; William J. Bellini, PhD; Jane F. Seward, MBBS

ABSTRACTImportance To verify the elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubellasyndrome (CRS) from the Western hemisphere, the Pan American Health Organization

requested each member country to compile a national elimination report. The United Statesdocumented the elimination of endemic measles in 2000 and of endemic rubella and CRS in2004. In December 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened an externalexpert panel to review the evidence and determine whether elimination of endemic measles,rubella, and CRS had been sustained.Objective To review the evidence for sustained elimination of endemic measles, rubella, andCRS from the United States through 2011.
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Design, Setting, and Participants Review of data for measles from 2001 to 2011 and for rubellaand CRS from 2004 to 2011 covering the US resident population and international visitors,including disease epidemiology, importation status of cases, molecular epidemiology, adequacyof surveillance, and population immunity as estimated by national vaccination coverage andserologic surveys.Main Outcomes and Measures Annual numbers of measles, rubella, and CRS cases, byimportation status, outbreak size, and distribution; proportions of US population seropositive formeasles and rubella; and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage levels.Results Since 2001, US reported measles incidence has remained below 1 case per 1000000population. Since 2004, rubella incidence has been below 1 case per 10000000 population, andCRS incidence has been below 1 case per 5000000 births. Eighty-eight percent of measlescases and 54% of rubella cases were internationally imported or epidemiologically orvirologically linked to importation. The few cases not linked to importation were insufficient torepresent endemic transmission. Molecular epidemiology indicated no endemic genotypes. TheUS surveillance system is adequate to detect endemic measles or rubella. Seroprevalence andvaccination coverage data indicate high levels of population immunity to measles and rubella.Conclusions and Relevance The external expert panel concluded that the elimination of

endemic measles, rubella, and CRS from the United States was sustained through 2011.However, international importation continues, and health care providers should suspect measlesor rubella in patients with febrile rash illness, especially when associated with internationaltravel or international visitors, and should report suspected cases to the local healthdepartment.

Journal of Community HealthVolume 39, Issue 1, February 2014http://link.springer.com/journal/10900/39/1/page/1[Reviewed earlier]

Journal of Health Organization and ManagementVolume 27 issue 6 - Latest Issuehttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latest [Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Journal of Infectious DiseasesVolume 209 Issue 4 February 15, 2014http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/current

Journal of Global EthicsVolume 9, Issue 3, 2013http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjge20/current#.UqNh2OKy_Kc[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases (JGID)
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October-December 2013 Volume 5 | Issue 4 Page Nos. 125-186http://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=n[No relevant content]

Journal of Medical EthicsFebruary 2014, Volume 40, Issue 2http://jme.bmj.com/content/current[No relevant content]

Journal of Medical MicrobiologyFebruary 2014; 63(Pt 2)http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/current[No relevant content]

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (JPIDS)Volume 2 Issue 4 December 2013http://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Journal of PediatricsVol 164 | No. 2 | February 2014 | Pages 223-430http://www.jpeds.com/current[No relevant content]

Journal of Public Health PolicyVolume 35, Issue 1 (February 2014)http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jphp/journal/v35/n1/index.htmlSpecial Section: Preventing Addictions[No relevant content]]

Journal of the Royal SocietyInterfaceApril 6, 2014; 11 (93)http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/current[No relevant content]

Journal of VirologyMarch 2014, volume 88, issue 5http://jvi.asm.org/content/current[No relevant content]
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The LancetFeb 08, 2014 Volume 383 Number 9916 p487574 e11http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/currentCommentPolio in SyriaR Bruce Aylward, Ala AlwanPreview|Full Text|PDFCan closure of live poultry markets halt the spread of H7N9?Guillaume Fourni, Dirk U PfeifferPreview|Full Text|PDFAfter isolation of avian influenza A H7N9 virus from live poultry markets (LPMs), and reportsthat several people who were infected with the virus had visited such markets a few daysbefore disease onset, LPMs were suspected to be a main source of human exposure to H7N9 inChina.1 After LPM closure was enforced in several Chinese cities, the incidence of H7N9 humancases rapidly reduced.2 In The Lancet, Hongjie Yu and colleagues3 quantify the risk of humaninfections before and after LPM closure in the Chinese cities of Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou,and Huzhou.

Effect of closure of live poultry markets on poultry-to-person transmission of avianinfluenza A H7N9 virus: an ecological studyHongjie YuMDa,Joseph T 1 case PhDe,DrBenjamin J CowlingPhDe ,Qiaohong LiaoMDa,Vicky J FangMPhile,Sheng ZhouMDa,Peng WuPhDe,Hang ZhouMDa,Eric H Y LauPhDe,Danhuai GuoPhDf,Michael Y NiMPHe,Zhibin PengMDa,Luzhao FengMDa,HuiJiangMDa,Huiming LuoMDb,Qun LiMDc,Zijian FengMDc,Yu WangPhDd,DrWeizhong

YangMDd ProfGabriel M LeungMDehttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2961904-2/abstractSummaryBackgroundTransmission of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus seems to be predominantly betweenpoultry and people. In the major Chinese cities of Shanghai, Hangzhou, Huzhou, and Nanjingwhere most human cases of infection have occurredlive poultry markets (LPMs) were closedin April, 2013, soon after the initial outbreak, as a precautionary public health measure. Ourobjective was to quantify the effect of LPM closure in these cities on poultry-to-persontransmission of avian influenza A H7N9 virus.MethodsWe obtained information about every laboratory-confirmed human case of avian influenza AH7N9 virus infection reported in the four cities by June 7, 2013, from a database built by theChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We used data for age, sex, location,residence type (rural or urban area), and dates of illness onset. We obtained information aboutLPMs from official sources. We constructed a statistical model to explain the patterns inincidence of cases reported in each city on the basis of the assumption of a constant force of

infection before LPM closure, and a different constant force of infection after closure. We fittedthe model with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.Findings85 human cases of avian influenza A H7N9 virus infection were reported in Shanghai,Hangzhou, Huzhou, and Nanjing by June 7, 2013, of which 60 were included in our mainanalysis. Closure of LPMs reduced the mean daily number of infections by 99% (95% credibilityinterval 93100%) in Shanghai, by 99% (92100%) in Hangzhou, by 97% (68100%) inHuzhou, and by 97% (81100%) in Nanjing. Because LPMs were the predominant source of
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