utilizing the h.264:mpeg-4 avc compressed domain for computationally cheap abnormal motion detection

8/12/2019 Utilizing the H.264:MPEG-4 AVC Compressed Domain for Computationally Cheap Abnormal Motion Detection

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Scnmmo mh @o`ctrmbecs lbi Cmkput`r Sce`bc`

Hlcuoty mh @bdeb``rebd, Sce`bc`s lbi Kltn`kltecs

Pbev`rsety mh Smutnlkptmb

Lutnmr: Jms`pn Cmbwly (jc<1d6>F`cs.smtmb.lc.ug)

Ilt`: Jub` >, 16<1

Pteoezebd tn` N.189/KV@D-9 LXCcmkpr`ss`i imkleb hmr cmkputltemblooy

cn`lp labmrklo kmtemb i`t`ctemb

Vrmj`ct Sup`rvesmr: @rec Cmmg` (`ccF`cs.smtmb.lc.ug)

S`cmbi @xlkeb`r: Jmnb Clrt`r (jbcF`cs.smtmb.lc.ug)

L prmj`ct r`pmrt suakett`i hmr tn` lwlri mh ASc Cmkput`r Sce`bc`



Lastrlct

Ynes plp`r iescuss`s tn` ekpo`k`btltemb mh lb lodmretnk hmr `xtrlctemb lbi otrltembmh cmkpr`ssì iltl h`ltur`s hmr colssehyebd labmrklo `v`bts hrmk lb N.189/KV@D-9LXC vei`m str`lk. Yn` cmkpr`ssì imkleb eb N.189 cmbtlebs t`xturlo lbi kmtemb

ebhmrkltemb eb tn` hmrk mh iescr`t` cmseb` trlbshmrk cm`ffice`bts lbi kmtemb v`ctmrswnecn lr` cmbs`qu`btoy i`cmiì tm r`cmbstetut` tn` cmkpr`ssì vei`m s`qu`bc`. Vr`-vemus r`s`lrcn nls snmwb tn` `st`ctev`b`ss mh tn`s` twm cmkpmb`bts aèbd usì hmrlbloysebd mpteclo fimw mb pr`r`cmriì KV@D vei`m s`qu`bc`s. Ynes plp`r us`s km-temb v`ctmrs ot`rì ay lbloyses mh amtn tn` ICY cm`ffice`bts lbi trlets mh tn` kmtembv`ctmrs hmr ubsup`rvesì colssecltemb mh labmrklo `v`bts mccurrebd eb l oev` vei`m.Yn` us` mh tn` cmkpr`ssì imkleb nls loomwì hmr `xtr`kòy cmkputltemblooy cn`lpr`lotek` vei`m lbloyses wnecn nls l omw `rrmr rlt` lbi tn` a`b`t mh omw pmw`r usld`.

e



CMBY@BYS CMBY@BYS

Cmbt`bts

Lcgbmwoìdk`bts ev

< Ebtrmiuctemb <

<.< Xei`m Cmkpr`ssemb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <<.1 Kmtemb Lbloyses eb tn` ubcmkpr ssì imkleb . . . . . . . . . . . . . <<.3 KV@D Xei`m Lbloyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <<.9 KV@D Cmkpr`ssemb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<.0 Vrmj`ct dmlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1 Alcgdrmubi Q`s`lrcn 9

1.< @kaìiì Cmkput`r Xesemb Syst`ks mb Kmaeo` Nlriwlr` . . . . . . 91.1 @fficlcy mh klcrmaomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs hmr kmtemb lbloyses . . . . . . . 91.3 Kmtemb v`ctmr bmes` r`kmvlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

1.3.< Omw t`xturì lr`ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01.3.1 @id` X`ctmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3.3 Domalo kmtemb lbloyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.9 Colssecltemb mh r`suots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 I`sedb >

3.< Hrlk`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >3.1 Klcrmaomcgs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >3.3 Iesr`t` Cmseb` Yrlbshmrk Cm`ffice`bts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 Kmtemb X`ctmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <13.0 Domalo Kmtemb @stekltemb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1

3.8 Colsse`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <3

9 Ekpo`k`btltemb <9

9.< Kmtemb X`ctmr @xtrlctemb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <99.<.< HHkp`d - Vlrsebd l Hrlk` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <99.<.1 HHkp`d - @xtrlctebd tn` Kmtemb X`ctmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . <0

9.1 Heot`rebd tn` X`ctmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <89.1.< Klcrmaomcg Sgep Ylao` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <89.1.1 ICY Cm`ffice`bts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <89.1.3 Domalo Kmtemb Cmkp`bsltemb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <49.1.9 @id` X`ctmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <>

9.3 Mp`rltemb mb l sklrtpnmb` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <>9.9 Colsse`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <5

9.9.< Suk mh Lasmout` Kmtemb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.9.1 Buka`r mh Kljmroy Iest r`bt Klcrmaomcgs . . . . . . . . . . . 16

9.0 Suakettì Cmi` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<

0 @xp`rek`btltemb 11

0.< Oev` Xei`m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.1 Y`st Sc`b`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

0.1.< Qmli.kmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

0.1.1 Qmmk.kmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.1.3 Kmtmrwly.kmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

ee



CMBY@BYS CMBY@BYS

0.3 @xtrlctemb lbi otrltemb mh tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.3.< Als` bmes` o`v`o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.3.1 Q`kmvlo mh t`xtur o ss kmtemb v`ctmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.3.3 Q`kmvlo mh t`xtur`o`ss kmtemb v`ctmrs lbi domalo kmtemb . . . 19

0.9 Colsse`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

0.9.< Qmli.kmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.0 Qmmk.kmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.8 kmtmrwly.kmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.4 @ffice`bcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

8 Creteclo @vloultemb 38

4 Cmbcousemb 34

Q`h`r`bc`s 3>

Lpp`biec`s 96

Lpp`biex L Aeaoemdrlpny 96

Lpp`biex A Vrmj`ct Are`h 91

Lpp`biex C Cmi` Sbepp`ts 99

eee



LCGBMTO@IDK@BYS

Lcgbmwoìdk`bts

Ynes r`s`lrcn wls cmbiuctì hmoomwebd lb ebv`stedltemb ebtm tn` h`lseaeoety mh cmk-pr`ssì imkleb lbloyses eb N.189 ay kysòh ubi`r tn` `kpomy mh Qmg` Klbmr Q`-s`lrcn, wnm nlv` ebiecltì lb ebt`r`st eb tn` mutcmk` mh tnes stuiy. Et snmuoi a`

bmtì tnlt tnes prmj`ct es olrdòy i`p`bilbt mb tn` mp`b smurc` vei`m cmi`c HHkp`d.

ev



< EBYQMIPCYEMB

< Ebtrmiuctemb

<.< Xei`m Cmkpr`ssemb

Tn`b l vei`m es stmrì mr trlbskettì et es creteclo tnlt s`bseao` k`lsur`s lr` tlg`btm lccmubt hmr oeketltembs mh stmrld` mr b`twmrg albiweitn. Pbcmkpr ssì vei`miltl es l aetklppì r`pr`s`btltemb mh l hrlk`, wn`r` cmomur lbi ebt`bsety vlou`s lr`stmrì hmr `lcn pexò eb `lcn hrlk`. Et es cmkkmb hmr `lcn pexò tm a` r`pr`s`btì ay19 aets, > `lcn hmr tn` rì, aou` lbi dr``b cmkpmb`bts. Ynes hrlk` r`pr`s`btltembtlg`s up l nud` lkmubt mh splc`, @.D. l <516x<6>6 vei`m lt 36 hrlk`s p`r s`cmbiwmuoi r`quer` l albiweitn mh

((<516 ∔ <6>6) ∔ 19) ∔ 36 ; <>8KA/s (<)

Ynes es mavemusoy nednoy ekprlcteclo, sm l k`tnmi mh cmkpr`ssebd tnes iltl es r`querì.Yn`r` lr` klby stlbilris hmr vei`m cmkpr`ssemb, tn` kmst cmkkmb mh wnecn lr`tn` KV@D hlkeoy mh stlbilris. KV@D (Kmvebd Vectur`s @xp`rt Drmup) nls dmb`tnrmudn klby vlreltembs hrmk KV@D-< tm tn` bmw cmkkmbpolc` KV@D-9, mh wnecnl hurtn`r `xt`bsemb N.189 nls a`cmk` uaequetmus eb t`rks mh vei`m cmi`cs. N.189 us`skuotepo` hmrks mh cmkpr`ssemb lbi clb tnus lcne`v` suastlbtelo aetrlt` rìuctembs.Hmr `xlkpo`, l <516x<6>6 vei`m lt 36 hrlk`s p`r s`cmbi wmuoi r`quer` l klxekukalbiweitn mh 10KA/s.

<.1 Kmtemb Lbloyses eb tn` ubcmkpr`ssì imkleb

Kmtemb lbloyses es l prmc`ss wnecn nls a``b usì lbi ekprmvì upmb hmr i`cli`s.Yn` dmlo mh kmtemb lbloyses es tm i`t`rkeb` tn` mpteclo fimw mh l vei`m. Yn` mpteclofimw es tn` ier`ctemb lbi sp`ì lt wnecn maj`cts lr` kmvebd eb l hrlk`. Yn`r lr`klby wlys mh p`rhmrkebd kmtemb lbloyses eb tn` ubcmkpr`ssì imkleb aut `v`b tn`sekpo`st k`tnmi r`quer`s p`rhmrkebd mp`rltembs lbi cmkplresmbs mb `v`ry pexò eblb ekld`. Ynes r`quer`s ètn`r l olrd` lkmubt mh plrlooò prmc`ssebd mr nlvebd `bmudnprmc`ssebd pmw`r tm quecgoy i`lo wetn lretnk`tec lbi iest`r`btelo lbloyses mh keooembsmh pexòs. L sekpo` mutoeb` mh l cmbv`btemblo kmtemb lbloyses lodmretnk wmuoi a` lshmoomws:

• Ylg` twm hrlk`s, suatrlct tn` hrlk`s tm d`t lb `rrmr ekld`

• V`rhmrk Smaò ìd` i`t`ctemb tm bi ìd`s lbi tnèr ier`ctembs

• Q`p`lt tnes hmr hutur` hrlk`s lbi cmkplr` tn` pmsetembs mh tn` ìd`s eb mri`rtm clocuolt` h`ltur` v`ctmrs hmr ìd` kmtemb

Ynes es l nednoy cmkpo`x prmcìur` lbi im`s bmt lccmubt hmr lby hmrk mh s`dk`btltembtm iest`r`btelt` tn` ìd` pmebts hrmk wnmo` maj`cts eb tn` hrlk`.

<.3 KV@D Xei`m Lbloyses

Lbloyses mh KV@D vei`m clb a` s`plrltì ebtm twm s`plrlt` òis mh stuiy, tn` cmk-pr`ssì lbi tn` ubcmkpr ssì imkleb. Cmbv`btemblo cmkput`r vesemb lodmretnks

<



<.9 KV@D Cmkpr`ssemb < EBYQMIPCYEMB

mp`rlt` `xcousev oy eb tn` ubcmkpr`ssì imkleb mb l pexò o`vò alses. Ynes es `x-tr`kòy cmkputltemblooy `xp`bsev` ls et r`quer`s amtn huooy i`cmiebd tn` hrlk` lbilbloysebd `v`ry pexò. Yn` i`cmiì hrlk` es typeclooy sucn l olrd` iltls`t tnlttn` ekld` kust a` rìucì tm l kucn omw`r r`smoutemb, dr`ysclo` ekld` eb mri`rhmr cmkputltemb tm a` p`rhmrkì eb l r`lsmblao` lkmubt mh tek` ubo`ss suffice`btoy

pmw`rhuo nlriwlr` es lvleolao`. Yn` olrd` lkmubt mh rlw ekld` iltl, eb liietembtm tn` cmkpo`xety mh tn` lbloyses tnlt b`ìs tm a` p`rhmrkì, r`suots eb l syst`kwnecn es s`v`ròy cmkputltemblooy cmkpo`x eb amtn tek` lbi splc`7 r`querebd `xt`b-sev` prmc`ssebd pmw`r lbi k`kmry. Cmbv rsòy, lbloyses eb tn` cmkpr`ssì imklebes l ròltevòy b`w òi mh r`s`lrcn wnecn es sedbeclbtoy cmkputltemblooy cn`lp`r.Ynes lstmris us tn` mppmrtubety mh p`rhmrkebd kmtemb lbi t`xtur` lbloyses mb nednr`smoutemb vei`m usebd cn`lp lbi oedntwèdnt nlriwlr`, wetn tn` pmt`btelo tm a` usìeb r`lotek`.

Mb` mh tn` kmst pr`vlolbt vei`m cmkpr`ssemb stlbilris eb us` tmily es N.189/KV@D-9 LXC (Livlbcì Xei`m Cmiebd), tnes stlbilri nls a``b weiòy limptì mwebd tmets aetrlt` aèbd suastlbtelooy omw`r tnlb mtn`rs. Ynes nls r`suotì eb N.189 aèbdtn` i` hlctm stlbilri mb kmaeo` nlriwlr` sucn ls sklrtpnmb`s lbi tlao`ts hmr vei`mstmrld` lbi trlbskessemb, wn`r` k`kmry lbi albiweitn nlv` creteclo oeketltembs.Cmbs`qu`btelooy, tn`r` lr` l w`lotn mh cn`lp, omw pmw`rì i`vec`s wnecn nlv` a``bklbuhlcturì wetn l iìecltì nlriwlr` ekld` sedblo prmc`ssebd (ESV) cnep. Ynescnep loomws hmr `xtrlmrieblreoy hlst N.189 vei`m cmkpr`ssemb p`rhmrkì puròy ebnlriwlr`. Ynes prmj`ct leks tm tlg` livlbtld` mh tn` pr`s`bc` mh tnes cnep lbi tn`pr`-clocuoltì kmtemb lbi t`xturlo iltls`t hmr tn` `xpìetì iescmv`ry mh s`dk`btìkmvebd vei`m maj`cts.

<.9 KV@D Cmkpr`ssemb

Yn` KV@D vei`m cmi`c uteoes`s klby oly`rì cmkpr`ssemb t`cnbequ`s, prebceplooytn` us` mh iescr``t cmseb` trlbshmrks lbi klcrmaomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs tm d`b`rlt`prìectev` hrlk`s. Yn`s` prìectev` hrlk`s cmbsest mh k`ròy tn` iest`r`bc` a`tw``bhrlk`s. Yn`y lr` cmkpmsì mh l s`t mh ebstructembs mb nmw tm r`cmbstetut` tn` ekldàlsì mb premr gbmwo id , rltn`r tnlb tn` rlw ekld` iltl. Yn`s` hrlk`s lr` cmk-pr`ssì wetn puròy l rìuctemb mh aetrlt` eb kebi, bm cmbsei`rltemb es kli` ebtm tn`

pr`s`rvltemb mh mpteclo fimw. Lby s`klbtec k`lbebd wnecn clb a` ebh`rrì hrmk tnesiltl es puròy hmrtuetmus.

Ynes prmj`ct es lb ebv`stedltemb ebtm tn` lbloyses mh tn` cmkpr`ssì imkleb mh l vei`mstr`lk. Et weoo ltt`kpt tm i`t rkeb` tn` `st`ctev`b`ss mh usebd klcrmaomcg kmtembv`ctmrs hmr omw cmkpo`xety lbi nedn sp`ì s`klbtec lbloyses, hrmk ebtrebseclooy k`lb-ebdo`ss lbi bmesy iltl. Eh tnes es l pmsseaeoety, tn`b et loomws us tm tlg` livlbtld`mh tn` irlklteclooy rìucì aet rlt` lbi bmvò r`pr`s`btltemb mh vei`m iltl eb mri`rtm i`t`rkeb` tn` o`vò mh labmrkloety wnecn tn` hrlk` r`pr`s`bts eb cmbtrlst tm tnò`lrbt „lv`rld`„ sc`b` wneost mboy p`rhmrkebd l kebeklo lkmubt mh cmkputltemb. Yn`r`suot mh wnecn es l hrlk`wmrg hmr labmrklo kmtemb i`t`ctemb wnecn es tn`b pmt`b-telooy `x`cutlao` eb r`lotek` mb l omw pmw`rì kmaeo` i`vec`.

1



<.0 Vrmj`ct dmlos < EBYQMIPCYEMB

<.0 Vrmj`ct dmlos

Yn` dmlo mh tnes prmj`ct es tm ekpo`k`bt l cmkaebltemb mh lodmretnks hmr tn` `x-

trlctemb, otrltemb lbi lbloyses mh tn` v`ctmr splc` lbi ICY cm`ffice`bts. Et weoo aì`t`rkebì eh tnes iltl es l velao` k`lbs mh i`t`rkebebd tn` o`vò mh labmrkloetyeb l sc`b` wneost i`kmbstrltebd tn` prmp`bsety tm a` `x`cutì eb r`lotek` mb lb`xtr`k oy omw pmw`rì polthmrk sucn ls l sklrtpnmb`. Sucn l polthmrk es suaj`cttm `xtr`k` r`strectembs eb prmc`ssebd pmw`r, syst`k r`smurc`s & pmw`r usld` oeketl-tembs. Yn` ekpo`k`btltemb weoo a` wrett`b eb C usebd tn` HHkp`d lbi oeax189 vei`mcmi`cs lbi t`stì mb l 1.0Dnz x>8 89 Ebtò Cmr`1Ium wetn 9Da mh QLK rubbebdKlx MS ^. Yn` prmj`ct weoo a` cmbsei`rì l succ`ss eh tn` lodmretnk i`kmbstrlt`sl o`vò mh `ffice`bcy lbi lccurlcy wnecn ebieclt`s tn` pmsseaeoety hmr trlbsoltemb mbtml <Dnz LQK prmc`ssmr wetneb r`lsmblao` oekets mh pmw`r usld`.

3



1 ALCGDQMPBI Q@S@LQCN

1 Alcgdrmubi Q`s`lrcn

1.< @kaìiì Cmkput`r Xesemb Syst`ks mb Kmaeo` Nlri-

wlr`

Yn` b`ì hmr l k`tnmi mh cmkputltemblooy cn`lp mpteclo fimw lbloyses hmr us` mbcn`lp nlriwlr` wls hmubi lht`r lb ebv`stedltemb ebtm tn` us` mh stlbilri cmkput`rvesemb oearlre`s mb LQK prmc`ssmrs. Nmw`v`r, tn` us` cls` mh p`rhmrkebd vei`m lblo-yses mb l omw pmw`rì i`vec` cmk`s wetn s`v`rlo cmbsei`rltembs eb t`rks mh nlriwlròeketltembs. Herstoy, lokmst loo kecrmcmbtrmoo`r amlris mr sklrtpnmb` nlbis`ts rubmb LQK CVPs mr LQK Syst`k mb Cneps (SmC). Yn`s` lr` QESC (Qìucì Ebstruc-temb S`t Cmkputebd) alsì lrcnet`ctur`s wnecn ekplers tn` us` mh cmkput`r vesemboearlre`s sucn ls Mp`bCX, wnecn w`r` i`sedbì hmr CESC (Cmkpo`x Ebstructemb S`tCmkputebd) x>8 lrcnet`ctur`s. Kmr`mv`r, a`clus` mh tn` rìucì prmc`ssebd pmw`rmh kmaeo` CVPs, tn` SmC weoo mmli l omt mh wmrg tm mtn`r cmkpmb`bts sucn ls

tn` B@MB SEKI (Sebdo` ebstructemb, kuotepo` iltl) cmprmc`ssmr, tn` XHV (X`ctmrHomltebd pmebt) ubet lbi tn` ISV (Iedetlo sedblo prmc`ssmr). Yn`s` lr` loo cmkpm-b`bts wnecn lr` mptekesì hmr c`rtleb gebis mh clocuoltembs lbi `kaìiì ebtm mb`cmkpmb`bt, sucn ls tn` Lppo` L0 syst`k mb cnep. Nmw`v`r Mp`bCX wls wrett`bhmr us` wetn just l CVP wetn mcclsemblo DVP suppmrt, lbi ls sucn im`s bmt tlg`livlbtld` mh tn` lvleolao` r`smurc`s W<6[.

Yn`s` livlbcì SmC r`smurc`s lr` losm mboy lvleolao` mb nedn`r `bi syst`ks lbi lssucn, tn` pmsseaeoety mh p`rhmrkebd kmtemb lbloyses usebd puròy l omw pmw`rì CVPwetn kebeklo v`ctmr mr fimltebd pmebt mp`rltembs wmuoi a` nudòy a`b`celo. Ynes

plp`r sudd`sts tnlt tnes es l pmsseaeoety wetn tn` uteoesltemb mh tn` cmkpr`ssì imklebeb cmbjubctemb wetn tn` ekld` sedblo prmc`ssebd cnep.

1.1 @fficlcy mh klcrmaomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs hmr kmtemb lblo-

yses

Yn` justecltemb hmr tn` us` mh klcrm aomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs es `st`ctevòy cmbv`yìeb W1[ lbi W<1[. Ylglcs W<1[ klg s l cmkplresmb a`tw``b tn` lccurlcy mh trlcg-ebd kmv`k`bt wetn klcrm aomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs ldlebst tn` wòo `stlaoesnì SPQH

lodmretnkW4[ wnecn es usì hmr h`ltur` i`t`ctemb. Et wls cmbcouiì ay W<1[ tnlt tn`r`lr` ebn`r`bt filws wetn tn` us` mh klcrm aomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs. Mb` mh W<1[―s cne h cmbc`rbs wls tnlt tn`y im bmt truoy r`pr`s`bt kmtemb mh lb maj`ct. Yn`y pmebt tm tn`b`lr`st vesulooy sekeolr klcrm aomcg, tn`y im bmt lctulooy r`h`r tm tn` tru` kmtemb mh l h`ltur`. Yn`y losm pmebt mut tnlt klcrm aomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs pmebt amtn hmrwlrislbi alcgwlris eb tek` ls n.189 hrlk`s lr` bmt lowlys trlbskettì eb l t`kpmrlooyoeb`lr hlsnemb. Nmw`v`r tn`y cmbcoui` tnlt tn`s` essu`s lr` b`doedeao` ls tn`y qulb-tesì tn` `rrmr rlt` lbi i`t`rkebì tnlt et wls kmr` tnlb lccurlt` `bmudn, wetn lb`rrmr rlt` mh mboy <6 pexòs wn`b trlcgebd vlremus gebis mh kmv`k`bt mh lb maj`ct.

Yn` kleb alses hmr ky wmrg weoo a` l cmbtebultemb mh tn` wmrg stlrtì ay GerylteW8[ lbi Mz`r W5[. GerylteW8[ ebv stedlt`s tn` us` mh prmalaeoety i`bsete`s aèbd d`b-

9



1.3 K mtemb v`ctmr bmes` r`kmvlo 1 ALCGDQMPBI Q@S@LQCN

`rltì hrmk s`v`rlo lodmretnks hmr lbloysebd kmtemb hrmk tn` klcrm aomcg kmtembv`ctmrs. Yn`y succ`sshuooy prmv` tnlt tn`y clb cr`lt` lb labmrklo `v`bt i`t`ctmrwnecn trlebs etsòh ay d`b`rltebd prmalaeoety i`bsete`s hmr vlremus suks mh tn` s`t mh v`ctmrs hmr `lcn hrlk`. Yn`y qulbtehy tn` tmtlo mv rloo kmtemb lbi prmkeb`bt r`dembslbi ier`ctembs mh kmtemb. Nmw`v`r mb` creteclo filw mh tn` plp`r es tnlt et klg`s bm

ltt`kpt tm ekpoy lby gebi mh s`klbtecs tm tn` kmtemb et es lbloysebd. Lsei` hrmktnes, et succ`ìs eb cr`ltebd l v`ry `st`ctev` labmrklo `v`bt i`t`ctmr7 mb` mh ets kmstbmtlao` lcne v`k`bts es tnlt tn` lodmretnk rubs lt 3x hlst`r tnlb tn` vei`m hrlk`rlt`mb l v`ry somw prmc`ssmr. Nmw`v`r, tn` syst`k i`screaì im`s bmt lbloys` oev` vei`m,wnecn es l crucelo hlctmr hmr ky syst`k.

Lbmtn`r creteclo plp`r hmr wmrg tm a` alsì mb es W5[. Ynes plp`r i`screa`s i`vòmp-k`bt mh l 3-te`r syst`k ebtm i`t`ctebd nuklbs eb KV@D vei`m ay lbloyses mh amtntn` cmkpr`ssì lbi ubcmkpr`ssì imkleb. Ynèr syst`k ebetelooy lbloys s hrlk`s

hmr lr`ls mh kmtemb usebd kmtemb v`ctmrs. Yn` syst`k tn`b prmc`ìs tm lbloys` tnèbtrl cmiì ICY cm`ffice`bts hmr cnrmkeblbc` mb tn`s` suas`ts mh l hrlk` tm i`t`ctsgeb cmomur. Yn` olst te`r tn`b p`rhmrks s`dk`btltemb tm drmup aomcgs mh kmtemb,s`lrcn`s hmr aomcgs mh nuklb prmpmrtembs tn`b p`rhmrks drlpn kltcnebd lodmretnkssucn ls sup`r-òepteclo ttebd lbi sekeolrety kltcnebd.

Yn`r` es l olrd` iest`r`bc` eb tnes syst`k ls cmkplrì tm wnlt E wmuoi oeg` tm lcne`v`,eb tnlt et es l syst`k aueot lrmubi tn` b`ì tm i`t`ct nuklbs. Yn`y lr` nmw`v`ri`kmbstrltebd tn` `fficlcy mh klcrm aomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs. Yn`y lr` usebd tn` ub-cmkpr`ssì imkleb tm irlklteclooy rìuc` tn` lr`l eb l hrlk` wnecn es suaj`ct tm

hurtn`r lbloyses. I`spet tn` iesplrety a`tw``b W5[ lbi ky dmlos tn`y nlv` `st`ctevòyprmv`b tnlt klcrm aomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs clb a` usì tm i`t`ct kmtemb i`spet` tnò`vò mh bmes`W<1[ eb tn` iltls`t lbi clb irlsteclooy rìuc` tn` lkmubt mh cmkputltembebvmovì.

1.3 Kmtemb v`ctmr bmes` r`kmvlo

Et nls a``b ei`bteì ay s`v`rlo r`s`lrcn rs tnlt tn`r` lr` s`v rlo ebn`r`bt filws wetnusebd klcrmaomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs hmr kmtemb lbloyses. A`clus` tnèr lctulo purpmsès tm sekpoy bi vesulooy sekeoelr lr`ls, tn`r` lr` s`v`rlo gebis mh kmtemb v`ctmr

prmiucì W<9[ W<3[ W3[ . Et nls a``b snmwb tnlt eb nmkmd`bmus lr`ls mh omw t`xtur`,tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs prmiucì ay lb `bcmi`r lr` nednoy `rrltec lbi weoo typeclooy r`suoteb mb` klcrmaomcg aèbd rìrlwb eb imz`bs mh polc`s tm r`cmbstetut` lb lr`l mh filtt`xtur`. Yn`r` es losm sedbeclbt v`ctmr bmes` wn`r` tn` `bcmi`r i`t`cts ìd`s.

1.3.< Omw t`xturì lr`ls

Hedur` < i`kmbstrlt`s tn` cnlmtec bltur` mh v`ctmrs mb lb lr`l wetn bm t`xtur`. Lsmoutemb tm tnes es pr`s`btì ay W>[, W<[, W0[, W<3[ wn`r` et es sudd`stì tnlt tn`s` lr`lsmh bmes` clb a` esmoltì ay ommgebd lt tn` t`xtur` mh tn` klcrmaomcg. Yn` bmtembaèbd tnlt lb lr`l mh filt t`xtur clb a` òekebltì hrmk tn` v`ctmr splc`. Yn`

cmkpo`xety mh tn` t`xtur` mh l klcrmaomcg clb a` ebiecltì ay l cmbc`btrltemb mh tn`cm`ffice`bts lt ètn`r tn` omw`r mr nedn`r hr`qu`bce`s eb tn` trlbshmrk vlou`s hmr tn`rò`vlbt E-hrlk`W<[, W0[, W<3[. Et wls hmubi tnlt ay cn`cgebd tn` suk mh tn` lasmout`

0



1.9 Colssecltemb mh r`suots 1 ALCGDQMPBI Q@S@LQCN

Hedur` <: Cnlmtec v`ctmrs eb lb lr`l mh omw t`xtur` lbi bm kmtemb

vlou`s mh tn` tmp 3x3 qulirlbt mh tn` ICY cm`ffice`bts (tn` omw hr`qu`bce`s), tnlttn`r` es l ier`ct cmrròltemb a`tw``b tn` r`suot lbi tn` cmkpo`xety mh tn` t`xtur` mh tn` klcrmaomcg. N`ssò r W0[ hmubi tnlt l suetlao k`tnmi mh otrltemb es ay sukkebdtn` cukuoltev` lasmout` vlou`s hmr tn` tmp o`ht 3x3 kltrex mh tn` hmur oukeblbc` ICYaomcgs p`r klcrmaomcg. Eh tn` vlou`s lkmubtì tm l vlou` dr`lt`r tnlb <, tn`b nì``kì tn` klcrmaomcg tm a` cmbt`bto`ss. Oeu `t lo.W>[ tmmg l iest`r`bt lpprmlcnlbi cnms` tm stmr` tn` suk mh tn` squlrì vlou`s mh tn` ICY cm`ffice`bts hmr `lcnklcrmaomcg, sm ls tm cn`cg eh tn` b`w KA―s suk mh squlr`s es sekeoelr. Ynes wmrgs mbtn` alses tnlt tnes vlou` snmuoi sedbeclbtoy cnlbd` eh tn` cmbt`bt mh tn` klcrmaomcg―st`xtur` nls cnlbdì.

1.3.1 @id` X`ctmrs

Umgmylkl W<3[ i`kmbstrlt`s tn` b`ì tm i`t`ct lbi òekeblt` ìd` v`ctmrs. Nèbieclt`s tnlt ay k`lbs mh l z`rm cmkplresmb k`tnmi, bmesy v`ctmrs trlv`rsebd lombdlb ìd` clb a` òekebltì.

1.3.3 Domalo kmtemb lbloyses

Lbmtn`r g`y cmbtreautmr tm bmes` eb tn` v`ctmr splc` es wn`b domalo kmtemb es eb-trmiucì. Kebut` kmv`k`bt mh tn` clk`rl weoo ebstlbtoy slturlt` tn` v`ctmr splc`

wetn `v`ry klcrmaomcg snehtebd tm lccmkkmilt` hmr tn` ròltev` kmtemb eb tn` hrlk`.smlbismWbmgel[ hmubi tnlt et tnes domalo kmtemb clb a` colsseì ebtm ètn`r plb,zmmk mr rmtlt`. Yn`r` nlv` a``b s`v`rlo k`tnmis mh lccmubtebd hmr domalo kmtemblbi cmkp`bsltebd lccmriebdoy. smk`mb`W[,W[ & W[ nls prmv`b tnlt lb `st`ctev k`tnmies tm p`rhmrk lb > plrlk`t`r lffib` trlbshmrk tm cmkp`bsltì hmr tn` clk`rls kmtembeb 3 iek`bsembs. Yn` > plrlk`t`rs lr` `stlaoesnì tnrmudn r`dr`ssemb t`stebd lbi lo`lst squlr`s ttebd lodmretnk

1.9 Colssecltemb mh r`suots

L g`y plp`r eb ky r`s`lrcn ebtm colssecltemb mh labmrklo `v`bts eb vei`m iltl nlsa``b Qlm & Slstry W<<[. Yn`y p`rhmrkì `v`bt colssecltemb alsì mb iyblkec prma-laeoety i`bsete`s clocuoltì ay qulbtesì v`ctmrs usebd G-k`lbs coust`rebd lodmretnk

8



1.9 Colssecltemb mh r`suots 1 ALCGDQMPBI Q@S@LQCN

tm o`lrb wnlt es l bmrklo s`t mh mas`rvltembs. Yn`y i`t`rkebì tnèr kmtemb v`c-tmrs ay k`lbs mh s`dk`btltemb lbi colsseclo maj`ct trlcgebd lodmretnks, nmw`v`r tnesr`suotì eb tn`k nlvebd l sekeolr iltls`t tm wnlt E weoo a` wmrgebd wetn. Yn`yusì tnèr prmalaeoety i`bsete`s tm d`b`rlt` ―prmtmtyp`s― mh kmtemb wnecn lr` usì lsmas`rvltembs eb l rst mri`r Klrgmv prmc`ss.

Yn` ei`l mh d`b rlo kmtemb prmtmtyp`s es losm usì eb Znmbd W<0[. Yn`y d`b`rlt` laeblry kmvebd maj`ct klp, wnecn es `ss`btelooy tn` slk` iltls`t tnlt E lk usebd.Nmw`v`r tnèr lodmretnk ebvmov`s lbloysebd s`ctembs mh tek` ls wòo lbi ky lodmretnkkust a` ebi`p`bi`bt mh tek` ls et es usebd l oev` vei`m smurc`.

4



3 I@SEDB

3 I`sedb

3.< Hrlk`s

N.189/LXC, losm gbmwb ls KV@D 9 es l vei`m cmi`c wnecn us`s nedn o`vòs mh cmk-pr`ssemb tm lcne`v` l irlstec rìuctemb eb aetrlt`. L kljmr hlctmr eb tnes cmkpr`ssembes tn` us` mh prìectev` hrlk`s. Yn` `bcmi`r weoo prmiuc` twm iest`r`bt typ`s mh hrlk`hrmk l vei`m smurc`: g`y hrlk`s lbi prìectev` hrlk`s. G`y hrlk`s, r`h`rrì tm lsE-Hrlk s, cmbtleb loo tn` ebhmrkltemb b`ìì tm r`cr lt` l steoo ekld . Ynes iltlcmbsests mh tn` oukeblbc`(aredntb`ss) lbi cnrmkeblbc`(cmomur) iltl hmr l hrlk`.Yn`s` hrlk`s lr` trlbskettì lt ètn`r l xì ebt`rvlo s`t ay tn` `bcmi`r, mr lht`rl irlkltec cnlbd` eb sc`b` cmbt`bt. Vrìectev` hrlk`s clb amtn cmbtleb ebhmrkltembp`rtlebebd tm amtn hutur` mr plst hrlk`s, tn`s` lr` r`h`rrì tm ls V lbi A hrlk`s.V lbi A hrlk`s lr` amtn prìectev` hrlk`s wnecn r`pr`s`bt tn` cnlbd` hrmk tn` g`yhrlk` tm tn` curr`bt hrlk`. N.189 loomws hmr amtn hmrwlri lbi alcgwlri prìectemb

wetn A-hrlk s ls hrlk` trlbskessemb im`s bmt r`quer` t`kpmrlo cmbsest`bcy. Ynesebcmbsest`bcy es i`lot wetn ay tn` i`cmi`r wn`r` hrlk`s lr` r`mri`rì lccmriebd tmtnèr hrlk` typ` lbi s`qu`bc` buka`r cmbtlebì eb tn` plcg`t iltl.

Hedur` 1: Lb eooustrltemb i`kmbstrltebd N.189 vlrelao` hrlk` mri`rebd. V hrlk`s(9,4) r`h`r`bc` ekld` iltl hrmk pr`vemus E hrlk`s (<). A hrlk`s(0) r`h`r`bc` amtn

plst(9) lbi hutur`(8) A/V hrlk`s

3.1 Klcrmaomcgs

Tn`b cmkpr`ssebd l hrlk`, N.189 weoo ar`lg up tn` ekld` ebtm skloo BxB drmupsmh pexòs, tn`s` lr` klcrmaomcgs. Klcrmaomcgs, wn`b r`cmbv`rtì hrmk tn` hr`qu`bcy

>



3.3 Iesr`t` Cmseb` Yrlbshmrk Cm`ffice`bts 3 I@SEDB

imkleb tm tn` pexò imkleb r`cmbstetut` tn` ubcmkpr`ssì ekld`. Yn` typeclo sez`hmr l klcrmaomcg es <8x<8 pexòs, aut N.189 loomws hmr skloo`r klcrmaomcg sez` wn`bkmr` drlbuolr ekld` ebhmrkltemb es r`querì. Ynes wmuoi r`suot eb l <516x<6>6 pexòekld` nlvebd l klcrmaomcg r`smoutemb mh <16x8>.

Eb lb E-hrlk`, tn` klcrmaomcg weoo cmbtleb ICY cm`ffice`bts hmr cnrmkeblbc` lbioukeblbc` wnecn clb a` usì tm r`d`b`rlt` tn` t`xtur` hmr tn` <8x<8 aomcg tnrmudnlb ebv`rs` ICY clocuoltemb. Vrìectev` hrlk`s, nmw`v`r weoo cmbtleb l s`re s mh v`ctmrs ebiecltebd mboy tnlt tn` pr``xestebd klcrmaomcgs nlv` snehtì lbi clb a`r`poecltì eb mtn`r polc s mh tn` hrlk`. Ynes r`suots eb tn` laeoety hmr tn` cmi`ctm slv` mboy tn` hlct tnlt tn` klcrmaomcg lt pmsetemb (x,y) snmuoi a` rìrlwb ltpmsetembs (x<, y<), (x1, y1)...(xb, yb) tnus pr`v`btebd tn` slk` nedn aetrlt` ekld` iltlhrmk aèbd r`trlbskettì kuotepo` tek`s. Ynes clb eb prlctec` rìuc` l hrlk` ay lhlctmr mh 96, hrmk >KA p`r hrlk` tm 166GA p`r hrlk` hmr l V mr A hrlk`.

Yn` Klcrmaomcgs eb N.189 clb losm r`pr`s`bt suaklcrmaomcgs mh >x>, >x<8,<8x>,9x>,>x9& 9x9 aomcg sez`s aut tnes es l cnmec` o`ht tm tn` `bcmi`r. Ynes k`lbs tnlt lbloyses ebtn` cmkpr`ssì imkleb nls l klxekuk r`smoutemb mh lb 9x9 aomcg mh pexòs, nmw`v`rtnes es ebcmbs`qu`btelo hmr tn` dmlos mh tnes prmj`ct.

Hedur` 3: L hrlk` aèbd armg`b up ebtm >^> klcrmaomcgs <

3.3 Iesr`t` Cmseb` Yrlbshmrk Cm`ffice`bts

Lb E-hrlk` cmbtlebs cnrmkeblbc` lbi oukeblbc` iltl hmr tn` `bter` hrlk` wnecn tn`

i`cmi`r clb r`cmbstetut` ebtm lb `rrmr hr`` ubcmkpr`ssì ekld`. @lcn klcrmaomcges spoet 3 cnlbbòs, mb` es hmr aredntb`ss (oukeblbc`) lbi twm hmr cmomur ebhmrkl-temb(cnrmkeblbc`), ls s``b eb Hedur` 9.

Ynes ebhmrkltemb es bmt stmr i ls ebt`bsety vlou`s hmr `lcn pexò. Qltn`r, tn` `b-cmi`r nls lbloysì tn` oukeblbc` lbi cnrmkeblbc` ebt`bsety vlou`s lbi cmbv`rtìtn` aomcgs ebtm tn` hr`qu`bcy imkleb wetn l iescr`t` cmseb` trlbshmrk. Ay tnes et esk`lbt tnlt tn` ekld` iltl es r`pr`s`btì ls tn` suk mh buk`rmus cmseb` wlv`s mh iest`rebd hr`qu`bce`s. Yn` kltrex mh hr`qu`bce`s tnlt lr` r`pr`s`btì ay tn` ICY lr`vesuloesì eb Hedur` 0. Ynes r`suots eb lb >x> kltrex mh ICY cm`ffice`bts wnecn clb

a` usì tm r`cr`lt` tn` aomcg ls s``b eb Hedur` > .

<Ekld` smurc`: nttps://www.prmj`ctrn`l.mrd/rn`l/ebi`x.pnp/Nmk`wmrg3@C@93>JV@D

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U

Hedur` 9: Lb ekld` spoet ebtm UPX Cnlbbòs. Oukeblbc` (U) lbi Cnrmkeblbc` (P lbi X) lr` cmkaebì tm hmrk tn` mredeblo tmp o`ht ekld`

Yn` dmlo mh tnes es tm rìuc` tn` sez` mh tn` iltl ls kucn ls pmsseao . Lb `xlkpo` mh tnes es snmwb eb dur`s 8 - > Ynes es i`serlao` ls i`spet` lor`liy aèbd l kucn omw`raetrlt` tnlb tn` mredeblo ebt`bsety vlou`s, tn` cm`ffice`bts clb a` hurtn`r cmkpr`ssìtnrmudn qulbtezltemb, zed-zld mri`rebd, nustklb `bcmiebd, tn`b rub o`bdtn `bcmi-ebd, hmr l cmbsei`rlao` irmp eb aetrlt` wneost steoo cmbtlebebd `bmudn ebhmrkltemb tmlccurltòy r`cmbstruct tn` ekld` aomcg.

Ynes ebhmrkltemb es p`rteblbt ls tn` v`ctmrs w` lr` uteoesebd lr` suaj`ct tm sedbeclbto`vòs mh bmes`. T` clb lbloys` tn` cmkpo`xety mh tn` t`xtur` mh tn` aomcg ay lss`ssebdtn` cm`ffice`bts hmr tn` vlremus hr`qu`bce`s mh tn` ICY lbi ot`rebd lccmriebdoy. Ayp`rhmrkebd t`xtur` lbloyses usebd tn`s` vlou`s, tn`y lstmri us tn` mppmrtubety tm

rìuc` tn` ebn`r`bt v`ctmr bmes` ebtrmiucì ay nmkmd`bmus lr`ls mh omw t`xtur`.

Hedur` 0: L vesulo r`pr`s`btltemb mh tn` iescr`t` cmseb` trlbshmrk hr`qu`bce`s. Laomcg mh lb ekld` weoo a` rìucì tm lb >x> kltrex wetn tn` vlou` eb tn` lrrly

cmrr`spmbiebd tm tn` wèdnt dev`b tm tnlt hr`qu`bcy eb tn` cmrr`spmbiebd ebi`x.Yn` suk mh tn`s` 89 hr`qu`bce`s clb ràueoi tn` t`xtur`

<6




Hedur` 8: Lb >x> oukeblbc` aomcg―s ebt`bsety vlou`s

Hedur` 4: Yn` aomcg lht`r l 1I ICY

Hedur` >: Yn` trlbshmrk`i aomcg lht`r qulbtezltemb

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3.9 Kmtemb X`ctmrs 3 I@SEDB

3.9 Kmtemb X`ctmrs

L prìectev` hrlk` cmbsests mh l s`re`s mh v`ctmrs, ebiecltebd tnlt l klcrmaomcg hrmkl pr`vemus hrlk` clb a` rìrlwb lt tn` pmsetemb ebiecltì ay tn` v`ctmr. Ynes es lvelao` k`lbs mh hrlk` r`pr`s`btltemb ls tn` vlst kljmrety mh cnlbd` a`tw``b hrlk`s

alses es sekpoy pr`-`xestebd klcrmaomcgs kmvebd, rltn`r tnlb b`w klcrmaomcgs aèbdebtrmiucì. Yn` r`snuebd lbi r`poecltemb mh vlremus klcrmaomcgs hrmk tn` pr`vemus,mr hutur` hrlk`s es `bmudn tm r`cmbstetut` l suffice`btoy velao` ekld` wetn b`doedeao`,loaèt bmteclao` vesulo lrtehlcts.

Yn`r` es mb` sedbeclbt irlwalcg wetn tn`s` v`ctmrs eb tnlt tn`y im bmt i`betevòyr`pr`s`bt tn` lctulo kmv`k`bt mh lb maj`ct wetneb l hrlk`, tnèr sedbeclbc` es kucnkmr` lastrlct. Ynes es a`clus` tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs lr` d`b`rltì wetn tn` ebt`btembmh cmkpr`ssemb, rltn`r tnlb mpteclo fimw eb kebi. Lotnmudn mpteclo fimw mh l kmvebdmaj`ct clb a` ebh`rrì hrmk tn` v`ctmrs, tn`r` lr` s`v`r` ebn`r`bt prmao`ks wetn usebdtn`s` v`ctmrs ls l iltl smurc`.

Ynes bmtemb clb a` a`st s``b eb amtn nmkmd`bmus lr`ls mh omw t`xtur` sucn ls s`ctembsmh sgy, mr eb ìd` s`ctembs. Lr`ls mh omw t`xtur` lr` suaj`ct tm buk`rmus nednoy `rrltecv`ctmrs splbbebd tn` `bter` polb` mh t`xtur` a`clus` tn` `bcmi`r weoo wlbt tm irlwmb` klcrmaomcg tn`b r`prmiuc` et hmr tn` `bter` surhlc`, ls s``b eb Hedur` <. @id`slr` losm suaj`ct tm olrd` lkmubts mh bmes` wetn v`ctmrs mh nedn kldbetui` trlv`rsebdlombd tn` ìd`.

Hedur` 5: Lb `xlkpo` mh kmtemb v`ctmrs i`kmbstrltebd kmv`k`bt mh l aloo rmooebdrednt tm o`ht

3.0 Domalo Kmtemb @stekltemb

Mb` mh tn` aedd`st clus`s mh bmes` eb tn` v`ctmr òi es tn` ebtrmiuctemb mh domalokmtemb hrmk tn` clk`rl plbbebd, rmtltebd, zmmkebd `tc. Tn`b i`loebd wetn l clk`rleb l xì pmsetemb, w` lr` steoo suaj`ct tm mcclsemblo jmotebd mh tn` clk`rl s`bsmr hrmkvearltembs lbi webi. Lb `xlkpo` mh tnes clb a` s``b eb dur` 3. Et wls hmubi tnlttn` smhtwlr` alsì ekld` stlaeoesltemb eb cmbjubctemb wetn tn` lutm-hmcus h`ltur` mh l clk`rl ebiucì sedbeclbt domalo kmtemb, i`spet` aèbd xì eb l trepmi.

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3.8 Colsse`r 3 I@SEDB

Hedur` <6: Scr``bsnmt i`kmbstrltebd domalo kmtemb. Aomcgs r`pr`s`bt kmtembv`ctmrs cmrr`spmbiebd tm tnlt klcrmaomcg. Yn` aomcg―s sez` r`h`rs tm tn` KA sez`.

Yn` aomcg―s cmomur r`h`rs tm tn` ier`ctemb mh kmtemb. Yn` slturltemb mh mrlbd` <8x<8

v`ctmrs clb a` co`lroy s``b n`r` ebiecltebd tnlt tn` clk`rl nls snehtì smutn-`lst.

3.8 Colsse`r

Mbc` tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs nlv` a``b `xtrlctì hrmk tn` hrlk` lbi ot`rì tn`y lr`prekì hmr ebput ebtm l colsse`r. Et es ekpmrtlbt nmw`v`r tnlt tn` v`ctmrs nlv` a``bsuffice`btoy ot`rì tm r`kmv` lby mutoe`rs lbi mboy cmbtleb v`ctmrs r`pr`s`btltev` mh tn` splcelo fimw mh kmvebd maj`cts eb tn` hrlk`. Ynes colsse`r weoo p`rhmrk ubsu-p`rvesì colssectemb mh tn` kmtemb eb l hrlk` eb tn` cmbt`xt mh pr`vemusoy mas`rvìkmtemb kldbetui` lbi ier`ctembs. Yn` smhtwlr` weoo r`quer` l p`remi tm nlaetult

tm l sc`b` lbi colssehy wnlt bmrklo kmtemb es7 hmr `xlkpo` et kust a` lao` tm o`lrbtnlt l tr`` swlyebd lt l c`rtleb pmebt eb tn` hrlk` es bmrklo kmtemb lbi snmuoi a`cmbsei rì oegòy a`nlvemur. Oeg`wes`, et kust a` lao` tm o`lrb tnlt ier`ctemblo trlfficimwb ètn`r sei` mh l rmli mr kuoteier`ctemblo olt`rlo kmv`k`bt ay pì`strelbs lombdl plv k`bt es bmrklo. Nmw`v`r, a`clus` et wmuoi rlròy a` `xpmsì tm „labmrklo„`v`bts sucn ls l p`rsmb crmssebd tn` rmli et snmuoi clocuolt` l omw prmalaeoety hmrsucn lb `v`bt lbi colssehy tn` sc`b` ls labmrklo lccmriebdoy. Sucn l syst`k wmuoiloomw l clk`rl tm a` pmebtì lt lby sc`b` hrmk l xì pmsetemb lbi quecgoy a` usìtm bmtehy l us`r mh lbytnebd ubusulo. Lb `xlkpo mh ubusulo lctevety es snmwb ebHedur` << wn`r` bmrklo kmtmrwly ier`ctemblo trlffic es s``b mb tn` o`ht aut l p`rsmb

crmssebd tn` rmli wmuoi a` s``b ay tn` h`ltur` v`ctmr mb tn` rednt, wnecn wmuoi a`labmrklo hmr tnes sc`b`.

Hedur` <<: Lb `xlkpo` mh wnlt kednt a` cmbsei`rì bmrklo(O`ht) lbilabmrklo(rednt) kmtemb.

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9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

9 Ekpo`k`btltemb

Ynes plp`r wls preklreoy lb ebv`stedltemb ebtm tn` `fficlcy mh `xtrlctebd s`klbteck`lbebd hrmk bmesy klcrmaomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs. Yn` s`cmbilry maj`ctev` mh et wlstm ebieclt` tnlt tn` `ffice`bcy mh sucn lb lpprmlcn loomws hmr s`klbtec lbloyses tm

a` `x`cutì mb kmaeo` nlriwlr`. Ls sucn tn` ekpo`k`btltemb mh tnes prmj`ct clb a`spoet ebtm hmur s`p`rlt` prmao`ks mh sekeoelr cmkpo`xety, loaèt tn`mr`teclo mr prlctecloiefficuoty. Yn`s` lr`:

• Yn` `xtrlctemb mh tn` v`ctmrs hrmk l vei`m s`qu`bc` lbi tn` v`ctmr splc` o-trltemb lodmretnks7

• Dlebebd lcc`ss tm tn` cmkpr`ssì ebhmrkltemb hrmk tn` clk`rl―s ekld` sedbloprmc`ssebd cnep eb mri`r tm ekpo`k`bt tn`s` lodmretnks wetnmut b`ìebd tm huooy`bcmi` lbi i`cmi` ekld` hrlk`s eb smhtwlr`7

• Ebv`stedltebd tn` h`lslaeoety mh cmkpr`ssì imkleb lbloyses mb lb LQK prm-c`ssmr ubi`r r`lsmblao` pmw`r usld` o`vòs7

• Y`stebd tn` `fficlcy mh mpteclo fimw lbloyses eb tn` cmkpr`ssì imkleb ay ek-po`k`btltemb mh lb labmrklo `v`bt i`t`ctmr.

9.< Kmtemb X`ctmr @xtrlctemb

Mwebd tm tn` ebt`bsòy prmao`kltec bltur` mh lcc`ssebd tn` ESV mb l kmaeo` mp`rltebdsyst`k, et wls i``kì s`bseao` tm rst mutoeb` lbi t`st tn` lodmretnks mb l i`sgtmp

mp`rltebd syst`k usebd pr`r`cmriì vei`m. Hmr tnes tn` mp`b smurc` vei`m cmi`cHHkp`d wls usì tm mp`b lbi i`cmi` l s`t mh pr`r`cmriì t`st vei`ms `bcmiì ebvlremus o`vòs mh N.189/KV@D-9 LXC.

Yn`s` t`st vei`ms cmkpresì mh l cmkaebltemb mh mutimmr lbi ebimmr sc`b`s okìwetn tn` vlremus smurc`s mh v`ctmr splc` bmes` eb kebi. Yn` kleb t`st sc`b` wlsokì wetnmut l trepmi lbi ebcmrpmrltì lr`ls mh sgy lbi tò`drlpn pmo`s tm ebtrm-iuc` domalo kmtemb, nmkmd`bmus omw t`xturì lr`ls lbi ìd` v`ctmrs r`sp`ctevòy.Scr``bsnmts mh tn`s` sc`b`s clb a` s``b eb S`ctemb 0.

Succ`sshuo v`ctmr `xtrlctemb wls losm pmsseao` wetn oev` vei`m, aut hmr tn` purpms`s

mh cmbsest`bt t`stebd pr`r`cmriì vei`m wls usì. Hmr tnes, vei`m wls `bcmiì mb tn`fiy usebd oea^189, lb mp`b smurc` N.189 vei`m `bcmiebd oearlry.

9.<.< HHkp`d - Vlrsebd l Hrlk`

HHkp`d wls usì hmr tnes prmj`ct ls et es weiòy cmbsei`rì tm a` tn` a`st lbi kmstsuppmrtì vei`m cmi`c oearlry. Yn` HHkp`d hmrg OeaLX wls cmbsei`rì, aut wlshmubi tm bmt mst`r kucn a`b`t mv`r HHkp`d. HHkp`d es l vei`m cmi`c oearlry wret-t`b eb C, ls sucn et weoo a` cmkpeolao` hmr lby lrcnet`ctur` i`serì, wnecn ts wetntn` scmp` mh tnes prmj`ct p`rh`ctoy.

Xei`m i`cmiebd eb HHkp`d es kli` `xtr`kòy sekpo` hmr `x`cutemb ls l cmkklbioeb` lppoecltemb, nmw`v`r hmr us` prmdrlkklteclooy, et r`quer`s l kucn kmr` cmkpr`-

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9.< Kmtemb X`ctmr @xtrlctemb 9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

n`bsev` ubi`rstlbiebd mh amtn HHkp`d―s structur` lbi tn` N.189 sp`cecltemb. Yneses a`clus` eb mri`r tm mp`b tn` o` lbi i`cmi` et, mb` kust rst cloo tn` lpprmprelt`hubctembs lbi s`t up tn` i`cmiebd cmbt`xts eb tn` cmrr`ct mri`r tm `bsur` tnlt lootn` iltl structur`s lr` ebeteoelsì wetn tn` rednt plrlk`t`rs a`hmr` plrsebd tn` oìltl. Yn` `xlct prmcìur` usì hmr ebeteloesebd HHkp`d,omliebd et wetn l o` lbi

et`rltebd tnrmudn tn` hrlk`s clb a` s``b eb tn` Lpp`biex ls tn` hubctemb mp`b heo`lbi b`xt hrlk`.

Mbc` tn` o` nls a``b omliì, l hubctemb wls wrett`b tm et`rltevòy plrs` iltl hrmktn` o` ubteo lb `bter` hrlk` nli a``b i`cmiì. Lt wnecn pmebt tn` iltl lbi tn`hrlk` plrlk`t`rs lr` stmrì ebsei` lb HHkp`d struct clooì lb LXHrlk`.

Yn` rst tnebd tm a` cmbsei`r i es wnlt gebi mh hrlk` nls a``b i`cmiì. HHkp`dstmr`s tn` hrlk` typ` eb lb LXHrlk` eb tn` òi pect typ` ls ètn`r LX VECYPQ@ YUV@ V

, LX VECYPQ@ YUV@ A mr LX VECYPQ@ YUV@ E hmr prìectev` hrlk`s lbi g`y hrlk`sr`sp`ctevòy.

Kmtemb v`ctmrs lr` mboy pr`s`bt eb prìectev` hrlk`s, lbi lr` kucn kmr` cmn`r`bt ebV hrlk`s, ls mppmsì tm tn` kmr` cmbvmoutì A hrlk`s. Hmrtubltòy w` clb sp`cehy ebtn` vei`m `bcmiebd st`p l DMV (Drmup mh pectur`s) sez` lbi tn` klxekuk buka`r mh A hrlk`s a`tw``b V hrlk`s. DMV r`h`rs tm tn` klxekuk buka`r mh hrlk`s a`tw``b Ehrlk`s. Hmr loo tn` t`st vei`m s`qu`bc`s lbi eb tn` oev` vei`m ekpo`k`btltemb, l DMVsez` mh <6 lbi l klxekuk A hrlk` hr`qu`bcy mh < wls sp`ceì. Ynes prmiucì tn`lv`rld` pltt`rb mh hrlk`s ls E A V A V A V A V V E wnecn loomwì hmr tn` kmstcmbsest`bt lbi cmn`r`bt mpteclo fimw r`pr`s`btltemb eb tn` vei`m s`qu`bc`. T` clblosm ò`ct tm edbmr` lby A hrlk`s wnecn pmebt alcgwlris eb tek`, ls tnes wmuoi

ebieclt` kmtemb wnecn es tn` mppmset` tm tn` lctulo mpteclo fimw.

9.<.1 HHkp`d - @xtrlctebd tn` Kmtemb X`ctmrs

Ebsei` lb LXHrlk` tn`r` es l 3 iek`bsemblo lrrly cmbtlebebd tn` klcrmaomcg kmtembv`ctmrs, et es mh tn` hmrklt LXHrlk`-2kmtemb vloWxy[Wier`ctemb[Wcmkpmb`bt[

wn`r` „xy„ es tn` s`reloesì 1 iek`bsemblo clrt`selb cmmrieblt` mh tn` rò`vlbt klc-rmaomcg eb tn` hrlk`. „ier`ctemb„ es tn` t`kpmrlo r`h`r`bc` pmebt(6;alcgwlri,<;hmrwlri),ls N.189 loomws amtn hmrwlri lbi alcgwlri prìectev` hrlk`s. olstoy, „cmkpmb`bt„r`h`rs tm ètn`r l 6 mr <, r`turbebd tn` x mr y cmkpmb`bt mh tn` v`ctmr r`sp`ctevòy.

Yn`s` vlou`s lr` `xtrlctì ay et`rltebd mv`r tn` weitn lbi nèdnt mh tn` klcrmaomcgr`smoutemb mh tn` ekld`. Yn` vlou`s lr` tn`b hurtn`r klbepuoltì lccmriebd tm tnèrcmrr`spmbiebd klcrmaomcg sez` sm ls tm d`t lb lccurlt` pexò o`vò clrt`selb cmmriebltìespolc`k`bt, lccurlt` tm l qulrt`r mh l pexò. Mbc` l v`ctmr es `xtrlctì hrmk tn`hrlk`, et es plssì ebtm tn` ot`rebd hubctemb a`hmr` aèbd slvì hmr hutn`r r`h`r`bc`.

Eb t`rks mh tn` ekpo`k`btltemb pnls` mh tn` prmj`ct, tnes st`p wls mb` mh tn` kmstsedbeclbt. I`spet` tn` hlct tnlt HHkp`d prmvei`s loo tn` ebhmrkltemb b`ìì tm`xtrlct tn` v`ctmrs, tn` lctulo ekpo`k`btltemb mh tnes lodmretnk tmmg kucn ombd`rtnlb lbtecepltì. Ynes es a`clus` HHkp`d es wrett`b wetn puròy sp`ì mh prmc`ssebdeb kebi, lt tn` cmst mh `ls` mh us`. Yn` mascur` bltur` mh tn` smurc` cmi`, tn` olcgmh imcuk`btltemb lbi matus` lttetui` mh tn` i`vòmp`rs tmwlris prmveiebd lby nòptm tn` puaoec cmbtreaut i tm tnes aèbd lb `xtr kòy cmkpo`x prmc`ss. Yn` smurc`

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9.1 Heot`rebd tn` X`ctmrs 9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

cmi` hmr `xtrlctebd tn` v`ctmrs clb a` hmubi eb tn` Lpp`biex ubi`r tn` hubctemb`xtrlct v`ctmrs

9.1 Heot`rebd tn` X`ctmrs

Mbc` tn` v`ctmrs nlv` a``b `xtrlctì hrmk loo tn` v`ctmrs, tn`y bmw b`ìì tm a`plssì tnrmudn l strect ot`r eb mri`r tm r`kmv` ls kucn bmes` ls pmsseao`. Yn` o`vòmh bmes` es sm s`v`r` tnlt mb tn` kljmrety mh hrlk`s et es cmkp`tòy slturltebd.

Nmw`v`r, ls nuklbs et es pmsseao` tm ommg lt l vesuloesltemb mh tn` v`ctmr splc` lbiekkìeltòy s`` tnlt lotnmudn tn` bmes` es uaequetmus, tn`r` es l sedbeclbt o`vò mh cmn`r`bc` wn`r` tn`r` es l kmvebd maj`ct.

9.1.< Klcrmaomcg Sgep Ylao

Yn` sekpo`st lbi kmst ekkìelt` k`tnmi mh bmes` rìuctemb es tm `bsur` tnlt mboy

p`rteblbt kmtemb v`ctmrs lr` aèbd ebcouiì. Yn` hrlk` wnecn w` lr` prmveiì wetnlosm prmvei`s l klcrmaomcg sgep tlao`. Ynes es l oest mh tn` klcrmaomcgs wnecn nlv`bmt cnlbdì lbi ls sucn clb a` edbmrì

9.1.1 ICY Cm`ffice`bts

Et es co`lr hrmk dur` < tnlt tn` cnlmtec kmtemb eb nmkmd`bmus lr`ls mh omw t`xtur` lr`sedbeclbt lbi kust a` i`lot wetn. Yn` ICY cm`ffice`bts clb a` usì tm lccurltòyi`t`rkeb` tnlt lb lr`l es mh suffice`btoy omw t`xtur` cmkpo`xety sm tnlt w` clb edbmrèt. Ynes es lcne`vì quecgoy wetnmut r`querebd lby vei`m i`cmiebd. T` lcne`v` tnesay tlgebd `lcn v`ctmr lbi ommgebd lt tn` vlou`s hmr tnlt klcrmaomcg eb tn` E hrlk`.

Yn` klcrmaomcg eb tn` g`yhrlk` cmbtlebs tn` oukeblbc` ICY cm`ffice`bts b`ììtm ràueoi tn` aomcg. Eh lb lr`l es mh nedn t`xturlo cmkpo`xety, tn`b tn` nedn`stcm`ffice`bts lr` omcloesì eb tn` omw`r rednt mh tn` cm`ffice`bts kltrex. Cmbv`rsòy,hmr lr`ls mh oetto` mr bm t`xtur`, tn` kljmrety mh tn` nedn vlou` ICY cm`ffice`bts lròmcloesì eb tn` tmp o`ht. Eb smk` ebstlbc`s tn` tmp o`ht cm`ffice bt (gbmwb ls tnÌC cm`ffice`bt) nls tn` nedn`st vlou` ebiecltebd co`lroy tnlt tn` klcrmaomcg nls bmt`xtur . Lb `xlkpo` mh omw t`xtur` ICY cm`ffice`bts clb a` s``b eb tn` co`lr tmpo`ht (sei: omw hr`qu`bcy) aels eb dur` <1

Hedur` <1: ICY cm`ffice`bts mh l qulbtezì omw t`xturì klcrmaomcg

Ynes hlct lstmris us tn` mppmrtubety tm p`rhmrk quecg t`xturlo lbloyses ay sekpoy

sukkebd tn` lasmout` vlou`s mh tn` tmp o`ht qulirlbt mh tn` >x> kltrex. Ay p`rhmrk-ebd tnes nedn o`vò lbloyses, w` lr` lao` tm `st`ctevòy lbi quecgoy r`kmv` lby v`ctmrswnecn sekpoy r`pr`s`bt ubkmvebd alcgdrmubi ebhmrkltemb sucn ls aolbg wloos mr sgy.

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9.1 Heot`rebd tn` X`ctmrs 9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

Mcclsemblooy et losm `st`ctevòy lcts tm r`kmv` tn` snlimws mh kmvebd maj`cts ls tn`cmkpo`xety mh tn` KA r`klebs omw, `v`b tnmudn et im`s lctulooy r`pr`s`bt l kmvebdvei`m maj`ct.

Lb ekpmrtlbt cmbsei`rltemb tm tlg` ebtm lccmubt es tnlt ICY cm`ffice`bts lr` typeclooy

r`pr s`btì eb lb >x> kltrex mh vlou s eb tn` rlbd` mh -< tm <. Nmw`v`r, eb N.189tn` cm`ffice`bts lr` suaj`ct tm kuotepo` oly`rs mh hutn`r cmkpr`ssemb. Yn` vlou`s lr`suaj`ct tm qulbtezltemb, zed-zld mri`rebd, rub o`bdtn `bcmiebd lbi tn`b Nustklb`bcmiebd.

HHkp`d i`cmkpr`ss`s tn`s` vlou`s hmr tn` us`r, nmw`v`r tn` cm`ffice`bts w` lr`dev`b nlv` a``b qulbtezì. Yn` qulbtesltemb prmc`ss leks tm rìuc` ls klby mh tn`cm`ffice`bts ls pmsseao` tm 6. Et lcne`v`s tnes ay nlvebd l ommgup tlao` eb tn` `bcmi`rwnecn lssedbs l wèdntebd tm l qulbtezltemb hubctemb. Ynes weoo tlg` tn` vlou` mh tn`cm`ffice`bt lbi ets vlou` eb tn` qulbtezltemb tlao` dev`b ay ets pmsetemb lbi hmrkuoltèts b`w vlou`. Yn` qulbtesltemb tlao puts l iest`r`bt w edntebd loo tn` iest`r`bthr`qu`bc`s eb tn` cmseb` trlbshmrk. Yn` r`suotlbt tlao cmbsests mh kmstoy 6s wetntn` bmb-z`rm vlou`s aèbd vlou`s a`tw``b -31080 tm 31080.

Mb` mh tn` cmbsei`rltembs kli` wneost tubebd tn` ot`rebd prmc`ss wls tm lsc`rtlebtn` a`st tnr`snmoi vlou` hmr tn` suk mh tn` tmp o`ht qulirlbt mh tn` ICY cm`ffice`bts.Iest`r`bt vlou`s loomw hmr iest`r`bt o`vòs mh t`xtur` cmkpo`xety.

9.1.3 Domalo Kmtemb Cmkp`bsltemb

Olstoy, w` kust lccmubt hmr tn` domalo kmtemb mh tn` clk rl. Klby plp`rs edbmr`tnes hlctmr ls l clk`rl mb l trepmi es tn` kmst oegòy us` cls` lbi clk`rl kmv`k`btcmuoi a` lrduì tm hloo mut mh tn` prmao`k imkleb. Nmw`v r et wls hmubi tnlt lnud` lkmubt mh domalo kmtemb wls aèbd ebtrmiucì tm loo mh tn` t`st vei`ms i`spetàèbd r`cmriì hrmk l stltemblry ve`wpmebt. Ebetelooy tnes wls put imwb tm lkae`btkmv`k`bt sucn ls hmmtst`ps. Nmw`v`r et smmb a`clk` lpplr`bt tnlt tn` kmv`k`btwls lctulooy l r`suot mh tn` clk`rl―s aueot eb ekld` stlaeoesltemb. Yn` ekld` stlaeoes`rwls snehtebd tn` ekld` l cmupo` mh pexòs mb `lcn hrlk`. Ynes setultemb es cmkaebìwetn tn` hlct tnlt kmst clk`rls mp`rlt` wetn lb lutmhmcus wnecn vlre`s tn` hmcloo`bdtn soedntoy, tn`r`hmr` ebtrmiucebd l nud` lkmubt mh domalo kmtemb v`ctmrs hrmk lzmmkebd lctemb wn`b i`loebd wetn l nedn r`smoutemb vei`m.

L quecg lbi ò`dlbt smoutemb wls hmubi ay k` tm tnes prmao`k. L skloo <6x<6 kltrexes ebeteloesì wetn `lcn hrlk`, tnes lcts ls l twm iek`bsemblo kmtemb nestmdrlk. Ynesnestmdrlk stmr`s tn` hr`qu`bcy mh omw kldbetui` ròltev` kmtemb vlou`s, wetn tn`pmsetemb 9,9 (tn` c`bt`r mh tn` kltrex) lctebd ls tn` buoo kmv`k`bt vlou`. Hmr`xlkpo`, l klcrmaomcg wnecn snehts 9 pexòs tm tn` rednt(9,6) weoo ebcr`k`bt tn` aeblt pmsetemb (5,6) `tc.

Lt tn` `bi mh `lcn hrlk`, tnes nestmdrlk es lbloysì tm i`t`rkeb` tn` aeb wetn tn`nedn`st cmubt. Ynes v`ctmr es lssukì tm a` tn` domalo kmtemb v`ctmr. Hrmk tnesw` loomw l 1 pexò o`lwly eb `lcn ier`ctemb lbi cmkplr` tn` ròltev` kmtemb mh `lcnv`ctmr eb tnes hrlk`. Eh tn` v`ctmr hloos wetneb tn` rlbd` mh tn` domalo kmtemb v`ctmrstn`b et es iesclriì.

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9.3 Mp`rltemb mb l sklrtpnmb` 9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

Eh tn` kldbetui` lbi ier`ctemb mh l v`ctmrs hloos a`ymbi tn` rlbd`, tn`b et es lijustìlccmriebdoy. Ynes rìuc`s tn` lkmubt mh bmes` eb l sc`b`, ls s``b eb s`ctemb 0 wn`r`tn` sc`b` ebstlbtoy nls a`cmk` lokmst `bteròy bmes` hr``.

9.1.9 @id` X`ctmrs

L co`lr k`tnmi mh ìd` v`ctmr r`kmvlo es `xpolebì eb W<3[ wn`r` lb ìd` es trlcgìspltemt kpmrlooy. Nmw`v`r, et wls quecgoy hmubi eb tn` ekpo`k`btltemb pnls` tnltlby gebi mh ìd` v`ctmr r`kmvlo wls ubb`c`slry lbi nli bm `st`ct mb tn` o`vò mh bmes`. Ynes wls olrdòy iu` tm tn` hlct tnlt kmst ìd` v`ctmrs w`r` b`dltì ay tn`domalo kmtemb cmkp`bsltemb.

9.3 Mp`rltemb mb l sklrtpnmb`

Yn` uoteklt` dmlo es tm nlv` tn` smhtwlr` rubbebd lt 36 hrlk`s p`r s`cmbi mb l oev`vei`m str`lk mb l sklrtpnmb`. Ay sklrtpnmb` et es k`lbt, l i`vec` wetn lb LQK

c`btrlo prmc`ssebd ubet, wnecn kly mr kly bmt nlv` lcc`ss tm tn` B@MB SEKI. Eb lb`stmrt tm lpprmlcn tn` prmao`k eb l s`bseao` wly et wls i`ceiì tm tlg` ebcr`k`btlost`ps tmwlris tn` dmlo. Ynes k`lbt lpprmlcnebd tn` `bcmiebd/i`cmiebd prmc`ss ebtnes mri`r:

Ym lcne`v` tn` mptekuk o`vò mh `ffice`bcy, et wmuoi a` p`rh`ct tm r`cèv` l pmebt`r tml aomcg mh k`kmry hrmk tn` nlriwlr` vei`m `bcmi`r. Hrmk tnes aomcg w` wmuoi tn`bmboy plrtelooy i`cmi` tn` aomcg tm plrs` mut tn` BLO ubets, r`cmbstruct tn` hrlk`soec`s lbi tn`b plrs` mut tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs hrmk tn` klcrmaomcgs. Eb r`loety tnes esl nednoy cmkpo`x prmcìur`W9[ aut et es tn` prec` plei hmr nlvebd l aetstr`lk wnecn

es sm nednoy cmkpr`ssì. Et es hlr a`ymbi tn` scmp` mh tnes prmj`ct tm ekpo`k`bt murmwb i`cmi`r. Ynes r`suots eb l cmkprmkes` b`ìebd tm a` tlg`b eb mri`r tm `bsur`tnlt tn` prmj`ct es pmsseao` eb tn` lvleolao` tek`.

Stld` @bcmiebd I`cmiebd Smurc` VolthmrkESV HHkp`d Vlrtelo Huooy Heo` Oev` x>8 LQKv5 Ekpo`k`btì

< ^ ^ ^ ^ Huooy1 ^ ^ ^ ^ Huooy3 ^ ^ ^ ^ Huooy9 ^ ^ ^ ^ Huooy0 ^ ^ 8 ^ ^ ^4 ^ ^ ^

Ebetelooy et wls ltt`kptì tm ekpo`k`bt tnes lodmretnk mb l kmaeo` mp`rltebd syst`kls p`r tn` r`quer`k`bts. L cmkpr`n`bsev` ebv`stedltemb ebtm tn` pmsseaeoety mh usebdamtn eMS lbi Lbirmei wls clrreì mut. Et wls pr`h`rlao` tm ekpo`k`bt tnes prmj`cteb eMS ls Maj`ctev`-C lbi tn` Cmcml hrlk`wmrgs lr` hlkeoelr loomwebd hmr rlpeiprmtmtypebd, nmw`v`r Lbirmei kly nlv` a``b kmr` suetì tm tn` tlsg sm amtn w`rèbv`stedltì.

Et wls i`t`rkebì tnlt lcc`ssebd tn` cmkpr`ssì iltl str`lk es bmt ls strlednthmr-wlri ls mb` wmuoi nmp`. Ebetelooy, lb ebmrieblt` lkmubt mh tek` wls sp`bt ltt`kptebd

<>



9.9 Colsse`r 9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

tm dleb ètn`r prmdrlkkltec lcc`ss tm tn` nlriwlr` vei`m i`cmi`r mr uteoezebd tn`clk`rl smhtwlr` hmr r`turbebd tn` cmkpr`ssì iltl plcg`ts. Yn` rst ltt`kpt wlstm ltt`kpt tm us` Dmmdo` Lbirmei ls aèbd lb mp`b smurc` mp`rltebd syst`k7 et wlslssukì tnlt lcc`ss tm tn` clk`rl nlriwlr` wmuoi a` kucn kmr` lccmkmiltebd.Et wls hmubi nmw`v`r tnlt lt tn` lppoecltemb oly`r tn` Lbirmei Clk`rl lppoecltemb

mboy loomwì hmr lcc ss tm pr`ve`w hrlk`s eb JV@D hmrk. Yn` vei`m `bcmiebd lbii`cmiebd es prmveiì ay tn` Mp`bCmr` hrlk`wmrgs. Mh wnecn, mboy tn` vei`m i`cmi-ebd LVE es lcc`seao` tm tn` us`r. Ynes r`suotì eb tn` mboy pmsseaeoety mh lcc`ssebd tn`nlriwlr` vei`m `bcmi`r aèbd ay lot`rebd tn` Lbirmei smurc` cmi` lbi ràueoiebdtn` MS, tnes prmvì ekprlcteclo mb klby o`vòs.

Et wls hmubi tnlt mb l i`sgtmp rubbebd MS ^, mb` clb ebeteloes` tn` eSednt clk`rl ebsucn l wly tnlt tn` \uecgtek` hrlk`wmrg clb prmvei` hrlk`s eb ètn`r cmkpr`ssìmr ubcmkpr`ssì hmrklts.

Pbhmrtubltòy, et wls iescmv`rì tnlt eb eMS, i`spet` tn` sekeoelrete`s a`tw``b tn`Cmr` Xei`m lbi \uecgtek` hrlk`wmrgs lbi tn` hlct tnlt tn` slk` cmkpr`ssì iltlpexò hmrklt wls i`colrì eb tn` Cmr`Xei`m n`li`r o`, wn`b tn` clk`rl wls ebe-teloesì wetn tn` r`qu`st, tn` `rrmr ‛Lcc`ss tm cmkpr`ssì hrlk`s mb eMS es curr`btoybmt lvleolao`.‛ Lb ebv`stedltemb ebtm tn` pmsseaeoety mh usebd eMS prevlt` hrlk`wmrgswls a`dub aut tn` ubimcuk`btì bltur` mh tn`s` hrlk`wmrgs r`suotì eb tnes aèbdlb ekpmsseaeoety. Hurtn`rkmr` et wls hmubi tnlt dlebebd rmmt lcc`ss tm lb eMS i`vecìei bmt mv`rrei` tnes oeketltemb. Ynus et wls cmbcouiì tnlt tn`r` es bm r`loestec wlymh lcc`ssebd tn` ESV mb ètn`r eMS mr mb Lbirmei.

9.9 Colsse`r

Mbc` tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs lr` tnmudnt tm a` suffice`btoy co`lbì, tnes tn`mry weoo a`t`stì ay i`t`rkebebd eh tnes iltls`t clb a` usì tm colssehy bmrklo lbi labmrklolctevety eb l sc`b`.

Eb tn` speret mh tn` r`st mh tn` prmj`ct, et wls i``kì b`c`sslry tm ekpo`k`bt lsoedntwèdnt ls pmsseao` ls colsse`r. Et wls i`ceiì tnlt tn` kmst s`bseao` lpprmlcnwls tm i`t`rkeb` tn` amtn tn` suk mh lasmout` kmtemb lbi tn` buka`r mh sedbeclbtoycnlbdì klcrmaomcgs.

Vr`vemus r`s`lrcn nls snmwb tnlt tn`r` lr` kucn kmr` cmkpo`x k`tnmis mh lbloysebd

tn` cmkpr`ssì iltl h`ltur`s, nmw`v`r tn`y w`r` bmt lpprmprelt` hmr tnes us` cls`.Ynes es a`clus` pr`vemus r`s`lrcn nls `xcousevòy ommgì lt tn` lbloyses mh pr`r`cmriìvei`m wn`r` tek` mh `x`cutemb es bmt l creteclo hlctmr. Ynes loomwì hmr k`tnmis sucnls alcgprmpmdltemb hmr neii`b Klrgmv kmiò d`b`rltemb, Kuote-oly`rì p`rc`ptrmbslbi mtn`r klcneb` o`lrbebd t`cnbequ`s wnecn r`quer` t`kpmrlo ls wòo ls spltelolbloyses tm a` p`rhmrkì tm d`b`rlt` kmiòs.

Tn`b lbloysebd oev` vei`m tn`r` es l kucn strmbd`r `kpnlses sp`ì rltn`r tnlblccurlcy, wetn l kucn dr`lt`r b`ì hmr ubsup`rvesì o`lrbebd. Yn` cmbcousemb wlsirlwb tnlt eh l sekpo` colsse`r clb a` snmwb tm a` `st`ctev` tn`b tnes es kucn kmr`

sedbeclbt tnlb tn` ekpo`k`btltemb mh l b`ìo`ssoy cmkpo`x colsse`r.

<5



9.9 Colsse`r 9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

9.9.< Suk mh Lasmout` Kmtemb

Mbc` w` nlv` l co`lb iltls`t w` clb lssuk` tnlt `v`ry v`ctmr r`pr`s`bts kmtemb mh lb maj`ct eb tn` sc`b`. Cmbtrlry tm loo tn` plp`rs iescmv`rì eb ky r`s`lrcn, et wlshmubi tnlt s`dk`btltemb lbi t`kpmrlo trlcgebd wls bmt r`querì. Yn` cukuoltev`

lkmubt mh „iest`r`bt„ kmtemb eb tn` hrlk` cmuoi a` sukkesì ay nlvebd l rubbebdlv`rld` mh `lcn klcrmaomcg ebi`x―s kmst cmkkmb ier`ctemb mh kmtemb. Ynes lbdowls clocuoltì ay nlvebd tn` lv`rld` v`ctmr kltrex stmr` tn` x lbi y cmkpmb`bt hmrets v`ctmr lbi losm g``pebd trlcg mh tn` buka`r mh tek`s tnes klcrmaomcg nls nliets vlou` upiltì. Ynes wly, wn`b l b`w v`ctmr es pr`s`btì eb l hrlk`, tn` b`wet`rltev` lv`rld` clb a` clocuoltì usebd tn` hmoomwebd lodmretnk:

lvb ; vb ∑ lvb∑<

lvb∑<.mccurlbc` (1)

Ynes tlg`s lb lv`rld` mh loo tn` v`ctmrs tnlt nlv` `v`r a``b lssedbì tm tn` klc-rmaomcg, puttebd l rò`vlbt wèdntebd mb tn` b`w vlou` ay usebd lb ebcr`k`btlo k`lb.Bmw wn`b l b`w v`ctmr es pr`s`btì, tn` lbdo` clb a` clocuoltì hrmk ets lasmout`pexò v`ctmr cmkpmb`bts. Ynes es clocuoltì hrmk tn` hmoomwebd hmrkuol

ξ(vb, lvb∑<) ; (ltlb1(y(v), x(v)) ∔ <>6

φ

) ∑ (ltlb1(y(lvb∑<, x(vb))) ∔ <>6

φ

) (3)

Hrmk tnes `qultemb, l vlou` lres`s hmr nmw iest`r`bt tn` lbdo` a`tw``b tn` b`w lbitn` lv`rld` v`ctmr es. Ynes vlou` es sekpoy liiì tm tn` domalo tmtlo hmr tn` curr`bthrlk`. Et wls hmubi tnlt tnes vlou` wls l co`lr ebiecltmr mh nmw kucn iest`r btkmtemb nli mccurì wetneb tn` hrlk` hrmk tn` lv`rld`.

9.9.1 Buka`r mh Kljmroy Iest`r`bt Klcrmaomcgs

Tn`b tn` lasmout` iest`r`bc` a`tw``b tn` b`w lbi lv`rld` v`ctmr es clocuoltì, etes cn`cgì ldlebst l pr`tì`t`rkebì tnr`snmoi vlou`. L tnr`snmoi vlou` mh 90ξ wlsi`ceiì upmb. Eh tn` clocuoltì vlou` wls lamv` tnes vlou` tn`b tn` klcrmaomcg wlsi``kì tm nlv` kljmroy cnlbdì. Mbc` `v`ry klcrmaomcg nls a``b prmc`ssì, tn`buka`r mh kljmroy iest`r`bt klcrmaomcgs es tn`b cn`cgì ldlebst tn` pr`s`t tnr`snmoivlou` hmr wnlt es cmbsei`rì bmrklo. Eb tn` t`st s`qu`bc`s usì, tnes wls clocuoltìls hmoomws:

Ynr`snnmoi ; ka weitn∔ka nèdnt

108

ka weitn, r`h`rs tm tn` buka`r mh klcrmaomcgs lcrmss. ka nèdnt r`h`rs tm tn` buk-a`r mh klcrmaomcgs v`rteclooy. Ynes k`lbt tnlt hmr l <6>6p ebput vei`m, l tnr`snmoi

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9.0 Suakettì Cmi` 9 EKVO@K@BYLYEMB

vlou` mh 36 KA wls cnms`b.

Yn` succ`ss mh tnes sekpo` aeblry colsse`r es nuddòy i`p`bilbt mb tn` v`ctmr splcàèbd lokmst `bteròy co`lb mh bmes`. Eh pr`s`bt i wetn l co`lb v`ctmr splc` hmr`lcn hrlk` tn`b tn` colsse`r snmuoi ebetelooy bi `v`ry hrlk` labmrklo, aut somwoy

nlaetult` tm l sc`b`.

9.0 Suakettì Cmi`

Bmt` tnlt tn` cmi` wrett`b es cmbtlebì mb tn` `bcomsì CI. Mb tnes iesc tn`r` lr`3 prmj`ct hmoi`rs.

Vrmj`ct Blk` Volthmrk Stld`s Ekpo`k`btìKX HrmkHeo`MS^ x>8 <

KX@xtrlctmr LQK 1,9eSednt x>8 3

• KX HrmkHeo`MS^ es i`cmiebd l vei`m o` vel HHkp`d lbi es tn` kleb prmj`ctwetn loo tn` v`ctmr ot`rebd lbi tn` labmrklo kmtemb colsse`r.

Yn` hmoomwebd lr` prmj`cts wnecn w`r` ubi`r i`vòmpk`bt aut w`r` bmt cmkpo`tìlbi snmuoi olrdòy a` edbmrì.

• KX@xtrlctmr es lb eMS prmj`ct wnecn ltt`kpts tm ètn`r omli l o` hmr i`cmiebd

lbi prmc`ssebd, mr cmbb`ct tm l PIV str`lk hmr prmc`ssebd oev` vei`m

• eSednt es lb MS ^ prmj`ct wnecn succ`sshuooy `bcmi`s lbi i`cmi`s oev` vei`mhrmk l KlcAmmg eSednt clk`rl.

Loo mh tn` lamv` prmj`cts snlr` lokmst 56% mh tn` slk` cmi`. Lokmst loo hubctembloetyes eb tn` Maj`ctev`-C colss`s ‛I`cmi`r‛ lbi ‛@bcmi`r‛

B.A. Eb loo tn` lamv` prmj`cts, tn` hubctembs tm `xtrlct tn` v`ctmrs clooì `xtrlct v`ctmrseb I`cmi`r.k lr` olrdòy `xtrlctì hrmk tn` HHkp`d smurc` cmi` hrmk n189.c

1<



0 @^V@QEK@BYLYEMB

0 @xp`rek`btltemb

0.< Oev` Xei`m

L creteclo lek mh tnes prmj`ct wls tm ekpo`k`bt tn` lodmretnks eb r`lo tek` mb oev`vei`m. X`ctmr `xtrlctemb lbi otrltemb wls hmubi tm a` pmsseao` mb oev` vei`m, nmw-`v`r wetnmut lcc`ss tm tn` ESV tnes vei`m r`querì amtn `bcmiebd ebtm N.189 hrmkaetklppì ekld`s lbi tn`b cmbs`qu`btoy ekkìeltòy i`cmiebd.

Ynes t`cnbequ` wmrgì hmr r`lo tek` v`ctmr `xtrlctemb mb l pmw`rhuo i`sgtmp mp`rltebdsyst`k aut wls ebcrìeaoy r`smurc` ebt`bsev`, mwebd tm tn` smhtwlr` alsì vei`m`bcmiebd. Ynes r`bi`rì tnes t`cnbequ` ubr`loestec hmr us` mb tn` t`st LQK i`vec`.

Yn` oev` vei`m lbloyses clb a` s``b eb Hedur` <3 wn`r` l co`lr iest`r`bc` a`tw``btn` lctulo kmtemb, lbi tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs clb a` s``b. Ynes es ebtrmiucì hrmk

tn` tek` iòly eb v`ctmr prmc`ssebd ebiucì hrmk tn` `xtrl cmkputltemblo omli mh smhtwlr` alsì vei`m `bcmiebd. Ynes pusnì l 1.0Dnz iulo cmr` x>8 89 prmc`ssmrtm <>6% omli lbi uteoesì <>6KA mh QLK. Yn` t`st LQK i`vec` wnecn cmbtlebìl tmp mh tn` rlbd` Lppo` L0 SmC cmuoi mboy lcne`v` l klxekuk hrlk`rlt` mh 9hpswn`b `bcmiebd vei`m tm N.189, `v`b wneost uteoesebd tn` mbamlri B@MB SEKI. Ynì`vec` wmuoi prmkptoy rub mut mh lvleolao` n`lp splc` ls eMS mboy loomws hmr 86KAmh QLK hmr lb lppoecltemb. Ynes wls l nebi`rlbc` tm tn` prmj`ct, nmw`v`r et hurtn`r`kpnlsesì tn` ekpmrtlbc` mh aèbd lao` tm lcc`ss tn` ESV mb l kmaeo` i`vec`.

Tetnmut lcc`ss tm tn` ESV, tn` us` mh oev` vei`m s`qu`bc`s wls bmt cmbiucev` tm prmv-ebd tn` `fficlcy mh cmkpr`ssì imkleb lbloyses. Hutn`rkmr`, et wls i`ceiì tnlt hmr

tn` purpms`s mh cloearltebd tn` otrltemb lodmretnks, pr`r`cmriì t`st vei`m s`qu`bc`swmuoi a` li`qult` hmr t`stebd tn` lodmretnks. Eh eb tn` hutur`, lcc`ss tm cmkpr`ssìiltl hrmk tn` ESV clb a` lcc`ssì lbi plrtelooy i`cmiì, tn`b tn` otrltemb lodm-retnks lbi s`klbtec lbloyses cmuoi tn`b a` lppoeì ubi`r tn` lssukptemb tnlt etwmuoi mboy `v`r a` hlst`r tnlb nlvebd tm huooy `bcmi` lbi/mr huooy i`cmi` tn` vei`ms`qu`bc`.

Hedur` <3: Oev` vei`m hrmk l wàclk wetn iòlyì kmtemb v`ctmrs mv`rolyì mbtmtn` ekld`

11



0.1 Y`st Sc`b`s 0 @^V@QEK@BYLYEMB

0.1 Y`st Sc`b`s

Eb mri`r tm t`st tn` `st`ctev`b`ss mh tn` `xtrlctemb lbi otrltemb, vlremus t`st sc`b`sw`r` usì. Yn`s` w`r` ls hmoomws:

0.1.< Qmli.kmv

Ynes s`qu`bc` wls okì mut l webimw mbtm l puaoec rmli wetn l r`lsmblao` lkmubtmh trlffic fimwebd eb `lcn ier`ctemb. Ynes sc`b` clb a` s``b eb Hedur` <9.

Hedur` <9: L sc`b` i`pectebd l ausy puaoec nednwly

Ynes sc`b` wls cnms`b ls et nli amtn trlffic lbi pì`strelbs, fimwebd r`duolroy ebamtn ier`ctembs. Et wls losm suaj`ct tm loo hmrks mh v`ctmr bmes`. Ynes sc`b` wls`bcmiì eb N.189/KV@D-9 LXC Alsòeb` lt <516x<6>6 36hps mb lb Lppo` eVnmb`9S

Ym i`kmbstrlt` tn` bmes` pr`s`bt eb tnes sc`b`, l n`ltklp mh kmtemb ebt`bsety mb tnùbot`rì v`ctmr splc` wls d`b`rltì, ls s``b eb Hedur` <0.

0.1.1 Qmmk.kmv

Ynes sc`b` clb a` s``b eb Hedur` <8. Yn` sc`b` wls cnms`b ls l stltec ebimmr sc`b`wmuoi a` l dmmi ebiecltmr mh nmw kucn bmes` wls o`ht, wn`b tn`r` wls bmtnebdkmvebd eb tn` sc`b`. Hrlk`s w`r` steoo suaj`ct tm loo hmrks mh v`ctmr bmes` mwebd tmwnet` wloos, hmmtst`ps lbi l immrwly ebiucebd t`xturò`ss v`ctmrs, domalo kmtemb lbiìd` v`ctmrs r`sp`ctevòy Yn` sc`b` wls `bcmiì eb N.189/KV@D-9 LXC Alsòeb`lt <516x<6>6 36hps mb lb Lppo` eVnmb` 9s

0.1.3 Kmtmrwly.kmv

Ynes sc`b` wls usì ls et wls d`b`rlooy hr`` hrmk domalo kmtemb lbi snmwì cmbses-t`bt kmvebd maj`cts eb kuotepo` ier`ctembs ubi`r s`v`rlo iest`r`bt tek`s mh ily. Yn`

13



0.3 @xtrlctemb lbi otrltemb mh tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs 0 @^V@QEK@BYLYEMB

Hedur` <0: L n`ltklp mh ebt`bsety vlou`s alsì mb tn` hr`qu`bcy lbi kldbetui` mh kmtemb eb Qmli.kmv B.A. Ynes wls clpturì wetnmut domalo kmtemb `stekltemb sm

tn` ìd` v`ctmrs lr` steoo co`lroy veseao`

iest`r`bt sc`b`s eb tnes s`qu`bc` clb a` s``b eb dur`s <4 - <5.

0.3 @xtrlctemb lbi otrltemb mh tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs

Yn` t`st vei`m s`qu`bc`s w`r` ebetelooy rub wetn bm hmrk mh ot`rebd, sm ls tm i`kmb-strlt` tn` `xt`bt mh tn` bmes` tnlt wls aèbd r`kmvì. Yn` t`st s`qu`bc`s loo snmwìl nud` lkmubt mh bmes`.

Eb loo tn` hmoomwebd dur`s, tn` kmtemb v`ctmrs nlv` a``b vesuloesì lccmriebd tm tn`klcrmaomcg sez` lbi tn` cmomur ebieclt`s tn` ier`ctemb mh trlvò.

0.3.< Als` bmes` o vò

S`` dur`s 16 - 19

0.3.1 Q`kmvlo mh t`xturò ss kmtemb v`ctmrs

Yn`s` scr``bsnmts ebieclt` v`ctmrs wnecn nlv` a``b ot`rì ay tnèr ICY cm`ffice`btslbi losm ay edbmrebd tn` v`ctmrs wnecn tn` i`cmi`r nls filddì ls bmt r`pr`s`btebdlby wmrtnwneo` ebhmrkltemb ay oestebd tn`k eb tn` KA Sgep tlao` mh tn` hrlk`. S``Hedur`s 10 - 15

0.3.3 Q`kmvlo mh t`xturò ss kmtemb v`ctmrs lbi domalo kmtemb

S`` Hedur`s 36 - 31

Hrmk tn`s` dur`s ymu clb co`lroy s`` tn` prmdr`ss eb tn` rìuctemb mh bmes` tnrmudn`lcn st`p. Lotnmudn tn` ICY cm`ffice bt lbloyses im`s rìuc` tn` bmes` smk`wnlt,

19




Hedur` <8: L sc`b` i`pectebd l kmstoy kmtembo`ss rmmk wetn mcclsemblo nuklbtrlv`rslo lcrmss tn` sc`b`

Hedur` <4: L vei`m ok`i hrmk l stltemblry clk`rl mh kmtmrwly trlffic

10




Hedur` <>: L vei`m ok`i hrmk l stltemblry clk`rl mh kmtmrwly trlffic

Hedur` <5: L vei`m ok`i hrmk l stltemblry clk`rl mh kmtmrwly trlffic

18




Hedur` 16: Xesuloesltemb mh ubklbepuolt`i kmtemb v`ctmrs

Hedur` 1<: Xesuloesltemb mh ubklbepuolt`i kmtemb v`ctmrs

14






1>





Hedur` 10: Xesuloesltemb mh kmtemb v`ctmrs ot`r`i ay t`xtur` o`v`o lbi KA Sgeptlao`

15






36




Hedur` 1>: Xesuloesltemb mh kmtemb v`ctmrs ot`r`i ay t`xtur` o`v`o lbi KA Sgeptlao`


3<



0.9 Colsse`r 0 @^V@QEK@BYLYEMB

et plo`s eb cmkplresmb tm tn` dlebs hrmk ekpo`k`btebd tn` domalo kmtemb nestmdrlk.Yn` a`b`t mh tn` domalo kmtemb nestmdrlk nls `v`b dmb` sm hlr ls tm òekeblt`tn` ìd` v`ctmr bmes . Et wls i``kì ubb`c`sslry tm ekpo`k`bt lby hurtn`r ìd`rìuctemb lodmretnks hmr tn` slg` mh `ffice`bcy lbi olcg mh b`c`ssety.

Lht`r klbepuoltebd tn` cloearltemb mh tn` ot`rs et wls i`t`rkebì tnlt tn` r`lsmbtn` ICY cm`ffice`bt ot`rebd wls bmt ls `st`ctev` ls nmpì es kmst oegòy mwebd tmtn` qulbtesltemb lbi quergs mh HHkp`d. Mht`b tn` ICY cm`ffice`bts hmr sedbeclbtpmrtembs mh tn` hrlk`s wmuoi a` `bter oy z`rms. Mtn r tek`s tn` cm`ffice`bts im bmtlccurltòy r`pr`s`bt tn` t`xtur` o`vò ls omw t`xturì lr`ls nlv` nedn cm`ffice`btseb tn` nedn hr`qu`bcy albis. Ynes wls ubhmrtublt`, nmw`v`r et wls hmubi tnlt tnòt`rebd syst`k ls l suk mh loo et―s cmbstetu`bt plrts lctì kmr` tnlb suetlaoy.

0.9 Colsse`r

Yn` colsse`r wnecn wls ekpo`k`btì, i`t`rkebì tn` labmrkloety mh l hrlk` alsìmb et―s suk mh lasmout` iest`r`bc`s hrmk tn` lv`rld` o`lrbt sc`b` lbi hrmk tn` sukmh klcrmaomcgs wn`r` tn` lbdo` pr`s`btì es mv`r 90 i`dr``s iest`r`bt hrmk wnlt wls`xp`ctì. Yn` colsse`r wls ekpo`k`btì sm tnlt et tmmg l scr``bsnmt mh lby `v`btstnlt w`r` mv`r tn` tnr`snmoi o`vò mh bmrkloety.

Ynes colsse`r wls t`stì mb loo mh tn` t`st s`qu`bc`s wetn tn` hmoomwebd r`suots:

0.9.< Qmli.kmv

Yn` colsse`r quecgoy nlaetultì tm tn` sc`b` lbi tn` clpturì scr``bsnmts rìucì

imwb hrmk 0 p`r s`cmbi tm 0 p`r kebut` mv`r l 0 kebut` ubsup`rvesì o`lrbebdp`remi. Alsì mb tn` scr``bsnmts tlg`b, et a`clk` `vei`bt wnlt gebi mh a`nlvemur etnli o`lrbt wls bmt bmrklo. Yn`r` wls l v`ry co`lr `kpnlses mb clrs lbi pì`strelbstrlvòoebd hrmk rednt tm o`ht, Ynes wls amtn cmrr`ct lbi `xp`ctì ls tn` vei`m wlsr`cmriì mb tn` kleb `btrlbc` tm l ubev`rsety clkpus, lbi tn` r`cmriebd wls tlg`bt`b kebut`s a`hmr` tn` nmur. Ynes wmuoi ebieclt` tnlt tn` kljmrety mh kmtemb esp`mpo` trlvòoebd o`ht tm rednt, mb tnèr wly tm tn` ubev`rsety.

0.0 Qmmk.kmv

Ynes sc`b` nlaetult i `xtr kòy hlst, wetn scr``bsnmts stlrtebd lt lrmubi 0 p`r

s`cmbi lbi rìucebd tm < p`r kebut`, ubo`ss tn`r` wls lb ebieveiulo trlvòoebd lcrmsstn` scr``b.

0.8 kmtmrwly.kmv

Ls tn`r` wls bmt lby labmrklo kmtemb eb tn`s` sc`b`s, wnecn wls ubr`klrglao`dev`b tn` bltur` mh tn` hmmtld`. Yn` colsse`r struddoì tm bmtec` lbytnebd mtn`rtnlb tn` sc`b` cnlbd`s lbi labmrklooy olrd` v`neco`s

0.4 @ffice`bcy

Pbhmrtubltòy, mboy stld` < wls lao` tm a` huooy r`loesì, wetn stld`s 1-9 aèbd plr-telooy ekpo`k`btì. Ynes wls mwebd tm tn` `xtr`kòy prmombdì lkmubt mh tek` sp`bt

31



0.4 @ffice`bcy 0 @^V@QEK@BYLYEMB

Hedur` 36: Xesuloesltemb mh kmtemb v`ctmrs ot`rì ay t`xtur` o`vò lbi domalokmtemb

Hedur` 3<: Xesuloesltemb mh kmtemb v`ctmrs ot`rì ay t`xtur` o`vò lbi domalokmtemb

33




ltt`kptebd tm cmkpeo` HHkp`d wetn oeax189 (tn` tneri plrty N.189 smhtwlr` `bcmi-ebd oearlry) hmr lb LQK prmc`ssmr, lbi tn` creppoebd oeketltembs mb amtn Lbirmeilbi eMS ekpmsì ay tn` klbuhlctur`rs wetn r`dlris tm tn` mbamlri ESV.

Nmw`v`r, wneost `x`cutebd mb MS ^ v<6.4 tn` p`rhmrklbc` wls kmbetmrì lbi hmubitm a` po`lsebdoy `ffice`bt. Q`klrglaoy sm, dev`b tnlt mboy stld` < wls huooy r`loesì hmrt`stebd lbi tn` vei`m wls aèbd i`cmiì huooy ay smhtwlr`, polcebd l nud` lkmubtmh omli mb tn` syst`k hrmk tn` ebv`rs` ICY hubctembs b`ìì tm r`cmbstetut` tnèkld`. Ynes es kucn kmr` cmkputltemb tnlb wnlt wls lbtecepltì. I`spet` tnestn` smhtwlr` cmbsest`btoy uteoesì l klxekuk mh 1˟66 KA mh k`kmry, wnecn wlslokmst `bteròy usì ay oea^189 eb tn` i`cmiebd prmc`ss. Ynes wls i`t`rkebì ayusebd Lppo`s Ebstruk`bts i`vòmp`r tmmo wnecn trlcgs kloomcs tnrmudnmut `x`cutemb.Hurtn`rkmr` tn` vei`m wls rubbebd lt 36hps mb <6>6p vei`m.

39




Hedur` 31: Xesuloesltemb mh kmtemb v`ctmrs ot`r`i ay t`xtur` o`v`o lbi domalokmtemb

30



8 CQEYECLO @XLOPLYEMB

8 Creteclo @vloultemb

Ynes prmj`ct nls a``b hmubi eb nebisednt tm a` nudòy lkaetemus, `sp`celooy dev`btn` cmkpo`t` olcg mh premr gbmwoìd` mh cmkput`r vesemb mr kmtemb lbloyses. Yneswls v`ry kucn snmwb ay tn` lkmubt mh tek` sp`bt o`lrbebd lamut tn` N.189 lbi

KV@D sp`cecltembs. Nli E gbmwb gbmw tn` cmkpo`xety mh vei`m `bcmiebd, E wmuoinlv` ielooì alcg tn` scmp` mh tn` prmj`ct tm sekpoy v`ctmr otrltemb mb l i`sgtmpmp`rltebd syst`k.

Nmw`v`r, E im h`ò ls tnmudn tn` smhtwlr` wnecn nls a``b wrett`b ay k` lcne`v`stnr`` mh tn` hmur dmlos et s`t mut tm im. Et `xtrlcts lbi ot`rs tn` v`ctmrs hlbtlsteclooyalsì mb tn` a`st lpprmlcn`s hmubi eb pr`vemus r`s`lrcn lbi ky mwb lodmretnks. Etlosm rubs `xtr`kòy quecgoy alsì mb tn` t`stebd ubi`rtlg`b.

Eb t`rks mh ky p`rsmblo lpprmlcn tm tn` prmj`ct, E h`ò et wls klbldì wòo wetn

r`duolr vesets tm ky sup`rvesmr tm g``p nek ebhmrkì mh ky prmdr ss. Loo tn` wmrgubi`rtlg`b lbi tn` cmi` wrett`b wls ls l r`suot mh cmkpr`n`bsev` alcgdrmubi r`-s`lrcn. I`spet` bmt aèbd lao` tm ekpo`k`bt tn` smhtwlr` mb l kmaeo` mp`rltebdsyst`k, tn` wmrg lbi tek` sp`bt ebv`stedltebd tn`s` polthmrks cmuoi `lseoy lccmubthmr nloh tn` tek` sp`bt mb tn` prmj`ct.

E h`ò tnes wmrg nls l omt mh pmt`btelo lbi eh clreì mb hurtn`r tn`r` cmuoi a` l omt tmdleb. Eh wmrg w`r` tm cmbtebu`, et wmuoi a` likerlao` tm nlv` tn` ot`r lbi colsse`rrubbebd mb lb LQK prmc`ssmr usebd oev` vei`m wetn lcc`ss tm tn` ESV wetn l plrteloi`cmi`r nlvebd a``b wrett`b tm plrs` tn` BLO ubets. Yn`r lr` klby colsse`rswnecn nlv` a``b r`s`lrcnì hmr us` ls lppoeclao` colsse`rs wetn tnes iltl lbi tn`y

cmuoi `lseoy a` ekpo`k`btì lbi t`stì hmr `ffice`bcy mb l sklrtpnmb`.

38



4 CMBCOPSEMB

4 Cmbcousemb

Ynes prmj`ct nls i`t`rkebì tnlt et es cmkpo`tòy velao` tm p`rhmrk s`klbtec kmtemblbloyses alsì puròy mb vei`m iltl eb tn` cmkpr`ssì imkleb. Ynes es tru` eb amtntn` s`bs` tnlt `bmudn k`lbebd clb a` `xtrlctì lbi losm tnlt et clb a` lcne`vì

wetn l suffice`btoy omw cmkputltemblo auri`b sm ls tm mst`r l nud` livlbtld` mv`rlbloyses eb tn` ubcmkpr`ssì imkleb. Lresebd losm hrmk tnes ier`ctoy es tn` liiì`cmbmky eb pmw`r cmbsukptemb mb l i`vec` rubbebd hrmk l altt`ry

Et nls a``b i`t`rkebì tnlt tn` ebn`r`bt filws mh usebd tn` klcrmaomcg kmtemb v`c-tmrs lr` sedbeclbt, mwebd tm tnèr rlesmb i―ˈtr`. Nmw`v`r et es pmsseao tm p`rhmrks`v`rlo k`tnmis mh otrltemb mb tn` v`ctmrs tm r`kmv` lby mutoe`rs lbi a` o`ht mboywetn kmtemb iltl r`pr`s`btltev` mh kmvebd vei`m maj`cts. Tetnmut otrltemb et eskli` v`ry co`lr tnlt tn` v`ctmrs im bmt r`pr`s`bt cmn`r`bt kmtemb mh maj`cts eb l

hrlk` lbi lr` just l k`lbs mh cmkpr`ssebd tn` iltl ls kucn ls pmsseao . Nmw`v rlht`r p`rhmrkebd vlremus gebis mh bmes` rìuctemb lbi t`xtur` lbloyses, tn` kmtembv`ctmrs clb a` colsseì lccurltòy `bmudn tm a`cmk` l velao` iltls`t wetn l w`lotnmh pmsseaeoete`s lvleolao` hmr hurtn`r s`klbtec lbloyses.

L ruiek`btlry colsse`r nls a``b cr`ltì ay sukkebd tn` lasmout` iest`r`bc`s mh lhrlk` pr`s`btì hrmk tn` o`lrbt nestmdrlk mh lv`rld` kmtemb hrmk pr`vemus hrlk`slbi i`t`rkebebd tn` labmrkloety ay lssukebd l ier`ct cmrròltemb a`tw``b tn` kld-betui` mh tn` suk mh lasmout` iest`r`bc`s lbi tn` pr`s`bc` mh labmrklo kmtemb eb tn`sc`b`. Nmw`v`r lht`r prmvebd tn` `fficlcy mh tnes iltls`t, tn` prmao`k mh cr`ltebd l

colsse`r es a`ymbi tn` scmp` mh tnes prmj`ct ls tn` prmao`k mh `xtrlctebd s`klbtecshrmk s`dk`btì kmvebd vei`m maj`cts nls lor`liy a``b cmkpr`n`bsevòy `xpomrì.Yn` bmvò iescmv`ry mh tnes prmj`ct nls a``b tm i`t`rkeb` tnlt cmkpr`ssì imkleblbloyses cmuoi, eb t`rks mh velaeoety mh tn` iltls`t lbi sp`ì mh `x`cutemb, a` lp-poeì tm l oev` vei`m lbi a` p`rhmrkì eb r`lotek` mb l omw pmw`rì pe`c` mh nednoyr`strectev` nlriwlr` dev`b lcc`ss tm tn` nlriwlr` vei`m `bcmi`r.

34



Q@H@Q@BC@S

Q`h`r`bc`s

W<[ Ieb-Uu`b Cnlb, Zen-Selbd Oeb, lbi Vè-Snlb Tu. Qlt` cmbtrmooebd alsì mb`st`ctev` smurc`-cmkpo`xety k`trecs lpprmpreltì tm n.189/lvc. Eb Cmkput`r Sykpmseuk (ECS), 16<6 Ebt`rbltemblo , pld`s <91 –<94, i`c. 16<6.

W1[ B`vl Cn`rbelvsgy, Lbbl C Clv`bi`r, Qecnlri @ Olib`r, lbi @v` L Qesgeb.Xlrelao` hrlk` rlt` hmr omw pmw`r kmaeo` sedb olbduld` cmkkubecltemb , pld`s<83–<46. LCK, 1664.

W3[ Nmw-Oubd @bd lbi Gle-Gulbd Kl. Spltemt`kpmrlo s`dk`btltemb mh kmvebdvei`m maj`cts mv`r kp`d cmkpr`ssì imkleb. Eb Kuotekìel lbi @xpm, 1666.ECK@ 1666. 1666 E@@@ Ebt`rbltemblo Cmbh`r`bc` mb , vmouk` 3, pld`s <03<–<039 vmo.3, 1666.

W9[ K Heòio`r. Ekpo`k`btltemb mh alsec n.189/lvc i`cmi`r. s`keblr plp`r lt Cn`k-betz Pbev`rsety mh Y`cnbmomdy , pld`s <–1>, 1669.

W0[ Tmohdlbd N`ssò r lbi St`hlb @ecgò`r. Kp`d-1 cmkpr`ssì-imkleb lodmretnkshmr vei`m lbloyses. @PQLSEV J. Lppo. Sedblo Vrmc`ss., 1668:<>8–<>8, Jlbulry1668.

W8[ Blnuk Gerylte, Ylkky Qegoeb Qlvev, Ulb Evlbcn`bgm, lbi Snly Qmcnò. Q`lo-tek` labmrklo kmtemb i`t`ctemb eb survèoolbc` vei`m, 166>.

W4[ Lo` O`mblries, Nmrst Aescnmh, Lxò Vebz, N`ra`rt Aly, Yebb` Yuytòllrs, lbiOuc Xlb Dmmo. Cmkput`r Xesemb @CCX 1668 SPQH: Sp` iì Pp Qmaust H`l-tur`s , vmouk` 350<. Sprebd`r A`roeb Nèiòa`rd, 1668.

W>[ Nlmwè Oeu, Kebd-Yebd Sub, Què-Cn`bd Tu, lbi Snelw-Snelb Uu. Lutmkltecvei`m lctevety i`t`ctemb usebd cmkpr`ssì imkleb kmtemb trlj`ctmre`s hmr n.189vei`ms. J. Xes. Cmkub. Ekld` Q`pr`s`bt., 11(0):931–935, Juoy 16<<.

W5[ Aurlg Mz`r, Tlyb` Tmoh, lbi Loe B. Lglbsu. Nuklb lctevety i`t`ctemb eb kp`ds`qu`bc`s. Eb Tmrgsnmp mb Nuklb Kmtemb―66 , pld`s 8<–88, 1666.

W<6[ Glre Vuooe, Lbltmoy Algsn``v, Gereoo Gmrbylgmv, lbi Xectmr @runekmv. Q`lotek`

cmkput`r vesemb wetn mp`bcv. \uù` , <6(9):96:96–96:08, Lpreo 16<1.W<<[ S. Qlm lbi V.S. Slstry. Labmrklo lctevety i`t`ctemb eb vei`m s`qu`bc`s us-

ebd o`lrbt prmalaeoety i`bsete s. Eb Y@BCMB 1663. Cmbh`r`bc` mb Cmbv`rd`bt Y`cnbmomde`s hmr Lsel-Vlcec Q demb , vmouk` <, pld`s 385 – 341 Xmo.<, mct. 1663.

W<1[ D. Ylglcs, X. Cnlbirls`gnlr, A. Dermi, lbi Q. Drz`szczug. H`ltur` trlcg-ebd hmr kmaeo` ludk`btì r`loety usebd vei`m cmi`r kmtemb v`ctmrs. Eb Kexì lbi Ludk`btì Q`loety, 1664. ESKLQ 1664. 8tn E@@@ lbi LCK Ebt`rbltemblo Sykpmseuk mb , pld`s <9< –<99, bmv. 1664.

W<3[ Ylglbmre Umgmylkl, Snunè Mtl, lbi Ymsnebmre Tltlbla`. Bmesy kp`d kmtembv`ctmr rìuctemb hmr kmtemb lbloyses. Eb Vrmc`ìebds mh tn` 1665 Sextn E@@@ Ebt`rbltemblo Cmbh`r`bc` mb Livlbc i Xei m lbi Sedblo Als i Surv eoolbc` ,

3>



Q@H@Q@BC@S

LXSS ―65, pld`s 149–145, Tlsnebdtmb, IC, PSL, 1665. E@@@ Cmkput`r Smce`ty.

W<9[ Tè Z`bd, Jub Iu, T`b Dlm, lbi \ebdkebd Nulbd. Qmaust kmvebd maj`cts`dk`btltemb mb n.189/lvc cmkpr`ssì vei`m usebd tn` aomcg-alsì krh kmiò.Q`lo-Yek` Ekldebd , <<(9):156–155, Ludust 1660.

W<0[ Nul Znmbd, Jelbam Sne, lbi K. Xesmbtle. I`t`ctebd ubusulo lctevety eb vei`m.Eb Cmkput`r Xesemb lbi Vltt`rb Q`cmdbetemb, 1669. CXVQ 1669. Vrmc`ìebds mh tn` 1669 E@@@ Cmkput`r Smce`ty Cmbh`r`bc` mb , vmouk` 1, pld`s EE–><5 –EE–>18 Xmo.1, jub`-1 juoy 1669.

35



LVV@BIEC@S

Lpp`biec`s

Lpp`biex L Aeaoemdrlpny

W<[ Mr`b Ameklb lbi Kecnlo Erlbe. I`t`ctebd err`duolrete s eb ekld`s lbi eb vei`m.Ebt. J. Cmkput. Xesemb , 49:<4–3<, Ludust 1664.

W1[ Ieb-Uu`b Cnlb, Zen-Selbd Oeb, lbi Vè-Snlb Tu. Qlt` cmbtrmooebd alsì mb`st`ctev` smurc`-cmkpo`xety k`trecs lpprmpreltì tm n.189/lvc. Eb Cmkput`r Sykpmseuk (ECS), 16<6 Ebt`rbltemblo , pld`s <91 –<94, i`c. 16<6.

W3[ B`vl Cn`rbelvsgy, Lbbl C Clv`bi`r, Qecnlri @ Olib`r, lbi @v` L Qesgeb.Xlrelao` hrlk` rlt` hmr omw pmw`r kmaeo` sedb olbduld` cmkkubecltemb , pld`s<83–<46. LCK, 1664.

W9[ H Cmolc`, K I` Slbtm, K Kmoeblrl, lbi D V`rclbbòol. Bmesy kmtemb v`ctmrs r`kmvlo hmr ròelao` clk`rl plrlk`t`rs `stekltemb eb KV@D cmiì vei`ms . E@@@,1663.

W0[ Jlk`s T. Ilves lbi Klrg L. G`cg. Kmiòebd a`nlvemr tr`bis lbi i`t`ctebdlabmrklo `v`bts usebd s`lsmblo gloklb ot`rs .

W8[ Nmw-Oubd @bd lbi Gle-Gulbd Kl. Spltemt`kpmrlo s`dk`btltemb mh kmvebdvei`m maj`cts mv`r kp`d cmkpr`ssì imkleb. Eb Kuotekìel lbi @xpm, 1666.ECK@ 1666. 1666 E@@@ Ebt`rbltemblo Cmbh`r`bc` mb , vmouk` 3, pld`s <03<–<039 vmo.3, 1666.

W4[ K Heòio`r. Ekpo`k`btltemb mh alsec n.189/lvc i`cmi`r. s`keblr plp`r lt Cn`k-betz Pbev`rsety mh Y`cnbmomdy , pld`s <–1>, 1669.

W>[ Qmd r S. Dlamrsge, Xesnlo S. Xlebdlbglr, Xeb``t Cnlmje, lbi Lbgur Y`rì`-sle. X`bus: L syst`k hmr bmv oty i`t`ctemb eb vei`m str`lks wetn o`lrbebd. EbHOLEQS Cmbh`r`bc`―69, pld`s –<–<, 1669.

W5[ E. Nlretlmdou, I. Nlrwmmi, lbi O.S. Ilves. T9: r`lo-tek` surv eoolbc` mh p`mpo`lbi tnèr lctevete`s. Vltt`rb Lbloyses lbi Klcneb` Ebtòoed`bc`, E@@@ Yrlbslc-tembs mb , 11(>):>65 –>36, lud 1666.

W<6[ Lo`xlbi`r Nluamoi lbi Keoebi Blpnli`. Colssecltemb mh vei`m `v`bts usebd9-iek`bsemblo tek`-cmkpr`ssì kmtemb h`ltur`s. Eb Vrmc`ìebds mh tn` 8tn LCK ebt`rbltemblo cmbh`r`bc` mb Ekld` lbi vei`m r`tre`vlo , CEXQ ―64, pld`s <4>–<>0,B`w Umrg, BU, PSL, 1664. LCK.

W<<[ Tmohdlbd N`ssò r lbi St`hlb @ecg o`r. Kp`d-1 cmkpr`ssì-imkleb lodmretnkshmr vei`m lbloyses. @PQLSEV J. Lppo. Sedblo Vrmc`ss., 1668:<>8–<>8, Jlbulry1668.

W<1[ C. Gls, K. Aruoeb, N. Becmols, lbi C. Kleoo`t. Cmkpr`ssì imkleb leiì lblo-

yses mh trlffic survèoolbc` vei`ms. Eb Iestreautì Sklrt Clk`rls, 1665. ECISC 1665. Yneri LCK/E@@@ Ebt`rbltemblo Cmbh`r`bc` mb , pld`s < –>, 36 1665-s`pt.

96



LVV@BIEC@S

1 1665.

W<3[ Cnrestelb Gls lbi N`bre Becmols. Lb lpprmlcn tm trlj`ctmry `stekltemb mh kmv-ebd maj`cts eb tn` n.189 cmkpr ssì imkleb. Eb Vrmc`ìebds mh tn` 3ri Vlcec Qek Sykpmseuk mb Livlbc`s eb Ekld` lbi Xei`m Y`cnbmomdy , VSEXY ―65, pld`s

3<>–315, A`roeb, Nèiòa`rd, 166>. Sprebd`r-X`rold.

W<9[ Blnuk Gerylte, Ylkky Qegoeb Qlvev, Ulb Evlbcn`bgm, lbi Snly Qmcnò. Q`lo-tek` labmrklo kmtemb i`t`ctemb eb survèoolbc` vei`m, 166>.

W<0[ Lo` O`mblries, Nmrst Aescnmh, Lxò Vebz, N`ra`rt Aly, Yebb` Yuytòllrs, lbiOuc Xlb Dmmo. Cmkput`r Xesemb @CCX 1668 SPQH: Sp` iì Pp Qmaust H`l-tur`s , vmouk` 350<. Sprebd`r A`roeb Nèiòa`rd, 1668.

W<8[ êlmgub Oe lbi Hlten K. Vmregoe. L neii`b klrgmv kmiò hrlk`wmrg hmr trlffic`v`bt i`t`ctemb usebd vei`m h`ltur`s. Eb ECEV 1669.

W<4[ Nlmwè Oeu, Kebd-Yebd Sub, Què-Cn`bd Tu, lbi Snelw-Snelb Uu. Lutmkltecvei`m lctevety i`t`ctemb usebd cmkpr`ssì imkleb kmtemb trlj`ctmre`s hmr n.189vei`ms. J. Xes. Cmkub. Ekld` Q`pr`s`bt., 11(0):931–935, Juoy 16<<.

W<>[ D. Kìembe, E. Cmn`b, H. Ar`kmbi, S. Nmbd`bd, lbi Q. B`vltel. @v`bt i`t`ctemblbi lbloyses hrmk vei`m str`lks. Vltt`rb Lbloyses lbi Klcneb` Ebtòoed`bc`,E@@@ Yrlbslctembs mb , 13(>):>43 –>>5, lud 166<.

W<5[ B/L. Nmk`pld` mh tn` stkp`d cmi`c oearlry, I`c`ka`r 16<<.

W16[ B/L. Nmk`pld` mh tn` x189 `bcmiebd oearlry, I`c`ka`r 16<<.

W1<[ Aurlg Mz`r, Tlyb` Tmoh, lbi Loe B. Lglbsu. Nuklb lctevety i`t`ctemb eb kp`ds`qu`bc`s. Eb Tmrgsnmp mb Nuklb Kmtemb―66 , pld`s 8<–88, 1666.

W11[ S. Qlm lbi V.S. Slstry. Labmrklo lctevety i`t`ctemb eb vei`m s`qu`bc`s us-ebd o`lrbt prmalaeoety i`bsete s. Eb Y@BCMB 1663. Cmbh`r`bc` mb Cmbv`rd`bt Y`cnbmomde`s hmr Lsel-Vlcec Q demb , vmouk` <, pld`s 385 – 341 Xmo.<, mct. 1663.

W13[ Cnres Stlust r lbi T. @rec O. Dreksmb. O`lrbebd pltt`rbs mh lctevety usebd r`lo-tek` trlcgebd. E@@@ Yrlbs. Vltt`rb Lblo. Klcn. Ebtòo., 11(>):494–404, Ludust

1666.

W19[ U`pebd Su, Kebd-Yebd Sub, lbi X. Nsu. Domalo kmtemb `stekltemb hrmk cmlrsòyslkpoì kmtemb v`ctmr òi lbi tn` lppoecltembs. Cercuets lbi Syst`ks hmr Xei`mY`cnbmomdy, E@@@ Yrlbslctembs mb , <0(1):131 – 191, hà. 1660.

W10[ D. Ylglcs, X. Cnlbirls`gnlr, A. Dermi, lbi Q. Drz`szczug. H`ltur` trlcg-ebd hmr kmaeo` ludk`btì r`loety usebd vei`m cmi`r kmtemb v`ctmrs. Eb Kexì lbi Ludk`btì Q`loety, 1664. ESKLQ 1664. 8tn E@@@ lbi LCK Ebt`rbltemblo Sykpmseuk mb , pld`s <9< –<99, bmv. 1664.

W18[ Gub Ylm, Snmuxub Oeb, lbi Umbdimbd Znlbd. Cmkpr`ssì imkleb kmtemblbloyses hmr vei`m s`klbtec `v`bts i`t`ctemb. Eb Vrmc`ìebds mh tn` 1665 TLS@ Ebt`rbltemblo Cmbh`r`bc` mb Ebhmrkltemb @bdeb``rebd - Xmouk` 6<, ECE@ ―65,

9<



LVV@BIEC@S

pld`s 16<–169, Tlsnebdtmb, IC, PSL, 1665. E@@@ Cmkput`r Smce`ty.

W14[ Ylglbmre Umgmylkl, Snunè Mtl, lbi Ymsnebmre Tltlbla`. Bmesy kp`d kmtembv`ctmr rìuctemb hmr kmtemb lbloyses. Eb Vrmc`ìebds mh tn` 1665 Sextn E@@@ Ebt`rbltemblo Cmbh`r`bc` mb Livlbc i Xei m lbi Sedblo Als i Surv eoolbc` ,

LXSS ―65, pld`s 149–145, Tlsnebdtmb, IC, PSL, 1665. E@@@ Cmkput`r Smce`ty.

W1>[ G Ummb, I I`K`btnmb, lbi I Im`rklbb. @v`bt i`t`ctemb hrmk kp`d vei`m ebtn` cmkpr`ssì imkleb. Vrmc`ìebds <0tn Ebt`rbltemblo Cmbh`r`bc` mb Vltt`rb Q`cmdbetemb ECVQ1666 , pld`s ><5–>11, 1666.

W15[ Tè Z`bd, Jub Iu, T`b Dlm, lbi \ebdkebd Nulbd. Qmaust kmvebd maj`cts`dk`btltemb mb n.189/lvc cmkpr`ssì vei`m usebd tn` aomcg-alsì krh kmiò.Q`lo-Yek` Ekldebd , <<(9):156–155, Ludust 1660.

W36[ Nul Znmbd, Jelbam Sne, lbi K. Xesmbtle. I`t`ctebd ubusulo lctevety eb vei`m.

Eb Cmkput`r Xesemb lbi Vltt`rb Q`cmdbetemb, 1669. CXVQ 1669. Vrmc`ìebds mh tn` 1669 E@@@ Cmkput`r Smce`ty Cmbh`r`bc` mb , vmouk` 1, pld`s EE–><5 –EE–>18 Xmo.1, jub`-1 juoy 1669.

Lpp`biex A Vrmj`ct Are`h

91



Lbloyses mh KV@D9 vei`m cmkpr`ssemb lrtehlcts hmr

cmkputltemblooy cn`lp h`ltur` `xtrlctemb

Jms`pn CmbwlySup`rvesmr: @rec Cmmg`

Cmkput r vesemb syst`ks clb a` spoet ebtm l hmur stld` prmc`ss: Ekld` lcquesetemb,h`ltur` i`t`ctemb, s`klbtec lbloyses & i`cesemb klgebd. Yn` prmc`ss mh lbloysebd l

vei`m h`ì r`quer`s l olrd` lkmubt mh prmc`ssebd pmw`r lbi syst`k r`smurc`s. Mb` mh tn` kmst cmkpo`x plrts mh tn` prmc`ss es h`ltur` `xtrlctemb. Iurebd h`ltur` `xtrlc-temb et es tn` r`spmbseaeoety mh tn` lodmretnk tm i`t`rkeb` wnecn ò`k`bts mh tn` ekld`lr` wmrtny mh hurtn`r lbloyses lbi wnecn plrts mh tn` ekld` clb a` edbmrì. H`ltur``xtrlctemb ebvmov`s i`t`ctebd ìd`s, reid`s, t`xtur`s mr cmrb`rs eb cmbjubctemb wetns`dk`btltemb mr aomaaebd hmr us` eb tn` nedn`r o`vò s`klbtec lbloyses.

Yn` cmkpo`xety mh h`ltur` `xtrlctemb lodmretnks nls sedbeclbt r`p`rcussembs eb tnì`sedb mh cmkput`r vesemb syst`ks. Syst`k i`sedb`rs mht`b nlv` tm cmkprmkes` mb tn`

hubctembloety mh lb lppoecltemb mr syst`k mwebd tm oeketì prmc`ssebd pmw`r lvleolao`.Tetn tn` ebcr`lsebd pmpuolrety mh kmaeo` polthmrks, et wmuoi a` `xtr`kòy i`serlao`tm p`rhmrk h`ltur` i`t`ctemb lbi lbloyses mb l oev` vei`m h`ì eb l hlst, sekpo` lbiomw pmw`r hlsnemb wetn bm cmkprmkes` mb tn` ebput r`smoutemb mr hrlk` rlt`.

E prmpms` tn` usld` mh cmkpr`ssemb lrtehlcts ebn`r`bt eb lb n.189/LXC vei`m str`lkls tn` alses hmr lb `xtr`kòy omw cmkpo`xety lbi bmvò k`lbs mh h`ltur` `xtrlctemb.Sp`ceclooy, tn` klcrmaomcg kmtemb v`ctmrs wnecn lr` `bcmiì ay l iìecltì nlri-wlr` cnep. Yn`s` kmtemb v`ctmrs clb a` usì hmr p`rhmrkebd kmtemb i`t`ctemb wetnlokmst bm cmkputltemb lt loo. Ls sucn, hurtn`r s`klbtec lbloyses clb a` p`rhmrkì

wetn l r`lsmblaoy omw tmtlo cmst mh cmkputltemb. Vr`vemusoy, lodmretnks nlv` a``blao` tm lbloys` mboy g`y hrlk`s lbi mb l klssev` p`r-pexò alses. Mwebd tm tn` sklooiltl structur` ebvmovì eb tnes lodmretnk, et es pmsseao` tnlt nedn`r o`vò lbloysescmuoi a` p`rhmrkì ay `stlaoesnì klcneb` o`lrbebd lbi colssecltemb lodmretnksekpo`k`btì mb tn` omw r`smoutemb kltrex mh v`ctmrs.

Yn` prmj`ct weoo ekpo`k`btì lbi t`stì mb kmaeo` i`vòmpk`bt polthmrks sucn lsDmmdo` Lbirmei lbi Lppo` eMS. Sucn l i`vòmpk`bt polthmrk es p`rh`ct ls curr`btsklrtpnmb`s nlv` oeketì r`smurc`s lvleolao y`t nlv` `kaìiì clk`rls clplao` mh

prmiucebd nedn i`betemb n.189/LXC vei`m.

93



LVV@BIEC@S

Lpp`biex C Cmi` Sbepp`ts∑( e b t ) m p ` b H e o ` : ( c m b s t c n l r ∔ ) h b {

c nlr ∔ h e o ` b l k ` ; k l o o m c ( s e z ` m h ( h b ) ) 7

/ / h b ; ‛ uip : / / F= o m c l o p m r t ; < 13 9 ‛ 7

l v r ` d e s t ` r l o o ( ) 7//mp` b h e o e h ( lvh mrk lt mp` b ebp ut (&pHmrkltCtx , hb , BPOO, BPOO)!;6) {

BSOmd(F‛C muoibt mp` b h e o ‛)7 // C muoib ― t mp`b h e o }/ / Q ` t r e `v ` s tr `l k e b h m r kl t e m be h ( lv h m rk lt h eb i s t r` l k eb h m (pHmrkltC tx , BPOO) ?6) {

BSOmd(F‛C muoib ― t h e bi s t` lk ebh mrk lte mb ‛) 7}

/ / Iukp e b h m r k l t e m b l a mu t h e o m b tm s t l bi l r i ` r r m rl v i u kp h m r k lt ( p Hm rk lt Ct x , 6 , h e o ` b l k ` , 6 ) 7e b t e 7

// H ebi t n` h e r s t v e i` m s tr `l kvei` mStr` lk;∑<7h m r ( e ;67 e ?pHmrkltCtx∑2b a s t r ` l k s 7 e ++)

e h (pHmrkltCtx∑2s tr` lks W e [∑2cmi`c ∑2c m i ` c t y p `;;LXK@IEL YUV@ XEI@M) {vei`mStr`lk;e 7ar`lg 7

}BSOmd(F‛vs%i‛ , vei`mS tr`lk ) 7e h (vei` mStr` lk;;∑<){

BSOmd ( F‛ i e i b t h e b i v e i ` m s t r ` lk ‛ ) 7}// D `t l p m e bt ` r t m t n` c mi `c c mb t `x t h m r t n` v ei `m s tr `l kpCmi`cCtx;pHmrkltCtx∑2s tr` lks W vei` mStr` lk[∑2cmi`c 7

LXCmi`c ∔ pCmi`c 7

/ / H eb i t n ` i ` cm i `r h m r t n ` v e i ` m s tr `l kpCmi`c;lvc m i` c h eb i i` c mi ` r (pC mi` cC tx∑2c m i ` c e i ) 7e h ( pC mi`c;;BPOO) {

BSOmd(F‛Pbsuppmrtì cmi`c !_ b ‛ ) 7}// Mp` b c mi` ce h ( lvcm i`c mp`b 1 (pCmi`cCtx , pCmi`c , BPOO) ?6) {

BSOmd(F‛c muoi bmt mp` b c mi` c ‛) 7}pCmi`cCtx∑2o m w r ` s ; 1 7pCmi`cCtx∑2i` au d ; HH I@APD ICY CM@HH7pCmi`cCtx∑2i` au d ; HH I@APD KA YUV@ 7pCmi`cCtx∑2i` au d ; HH I@APD KX7pCmi`cCtx∑2ià ud ; HH I@APD XES KA YUV@7

pCmi`cCtx∑2iàud kv ; HH I@APD XES KX A HMQ7//pCmi`cCtx∑2iàud kv ; HH I@APD XES KX A ALCG7pCmi`cCtx∑2iàud kv ; HH I@APD XES KX V HMQ 7/ / L o o m c l t ` v e i` m h rl k`pH rl k`; l v c m i ` c l o o m c h r l k ` ( ) 7

u e b t > t ∔ a u h h ` r 7eb t bukAyt` s 7// I `t `r ke b` r ` q ue r ` i a u h h ` r s e z ` lbi l o o m c l t ` a u h h ` rbukAyt`s;lv pe ct u r` d` t se z` (VE HKY UPX916V, pCmi`cCtx∑2weitn ,

pCmi`cCtx∑2n ` e d n t ) 7a u h h ` r ; ( u e b t > t ∔ ) lv klo omc (bukAyt`s∔ s e z ` m h ( u e b t > t ) ) 7

/ / L s s e d b l p p r m p r e l t ` p l r t s m h a u h h ` r t m e kl d` p o l b ` s e b pHrlk`QDA// Bmt` tnlt pHrlk`QDA es lb LXHrlk` , aut LXHrlk` es l s up ` rs ` t/ / m h L X Ve c tu r `

l v p e c t u r ` h e o o ( ( L XV ec tu r` ∔)pHrlk` , au hh `r , VE HKY UPX916V,pCmi`cCtx∑2weitn , pCmi`cCtx∑2n ` e d n t ) 7

99



LVV@BIEC@S

W s ` o h e b e t e l o e s ` I ` c m i ` r [ 7

r ` tu r b < 7

}

∑(e bt ) b` xtHrlk`{

/ / p r e b t h ( ‛_ bB`xtHrlk` ‛) 7e b t h r l k` H eb e sn ` i ; 6 7LXVlcg`t plcg `t 7w n e o ` ( h r l k ` H e b e s n ` i ;; 6 ) {

e b t e ; 67e h ( lv r` li h rlk ` (pHmrkltC tx , &plc g` t)2;6) {

// E s t n e s l p lc g` t hr mk t n` v e i` m s tr `l k =e h ( plc g` t . s tr` lk ebi` x;;vei` mStr` lk ) {

/ / I `c mi ` v e i ` m h r lk `

pCmi`cCtx∑2i` au d ; HH I@APD ICY CM@HH 7lvc m i` c i` c m i` vei` m1 (pC mi` cC tx , pHrlk` , &h rlk` Hebes n` i , &plc g` t )7

/ / I ei w` d ` t l v e i `m h rl k` =e h ( h rlk` H ebes n` i ) {

e++7/ / `kpt y v ` c t m r s l r r l ytek`Cmubt`r++7W plr` bt s ` tY ek` : t ek` C mubt` r [ 7/ / W v ` c t m r s r ` k m v ` L o o M a j ` c t s [ 7W s ` o h c o ` l b X` c t m r s [ 7/ / p mp u o lt ` v ` c t m r s l r r ly

/ / l v ` r l d ` k l j m r o y c n lb d `i KAs//k` lbKlj mroyIeh h ` r` btKA ; k` lbKlj mroyIeh h `r` btKA + (( klj mroy Ieh h ` r` b tKA s ∑ ke h (irlwAKV) {

W s ` o h c mbv` rtYmAkp: e s lv` Ekd :BM[ 7}

prebth (‛SLI:%i_b ‛ , s u k L a s mo u t ` I e h h` r ` b c ` ) 7e h ( k l j m r o y I e h h ` r ` b t K A s 2 3 6) {

// BSOmd(F‛SLI:%i %i‛ , t ek` C mubt` r/36 , klj mroy Ieh h ` r` b tKA s )7

//W s ` o h c mbv` rtYmAkp: e s lv` Ekd :U@S[ 7

} ` o s ` {// WW plr` bt ekdXe` w [ s ` tLopnlXlou` : plr` bt . ekdXe`w . lopnlXlou` ∔ 6 . 5 [ 7

}s u k L a s m o u t ` I e h h ` r ` b c ` ; 6 7k` lbKlj mroyIeh h `r` btKA ; ( k` lbKljmroyIeh h `r` btKA+klj mroyIeh h ` r` btKA s ) / 17

k l j m ro y I e hh ` r `b t K A s ; 6 7

//e h (pHrlk`∑2pe ct ty p` !; LX VECYPQ@ YUV@ E){

hrlk`Buka`r++7W s ` o h ` x t r l c t v ` c t m r s : p Hrlk` [ 7e h ( h e o t ` r K A )

W s ` o h ` s t e kl t ` D om a l o K mt e m b [ 7W s ` o h u p i l t `L v ` r l d `s [ 7

eh (imgk`lbs) {W s ` o h g k` lb s [ 7

}

W W plr` bt c urXe` w [ s ` tB` ` is Ie s poly :U@S[ 7}

` o s ` {e h ( ! irlwN`ltklp) {

W s ` o h c o ` l b L v `r l d ` X ` c tm r s [ 7}

90



LVV@BIEC@S

}

W s ` o h c o ` l bN e s t md r l k [ 7

/ / ir lw v ` c t m r s

}}

// H r` ` t n` p lc g` t t nl t wls l o o m c l t ` i ay l v r `l i h rl k `l v h r ` ` p l c g ` t (& p l c g` t ) 7

}` o s ` {

BSOmd(F‛Hebesnì ‛)7W p l r ` b t s ` t H e b e s n ` i : U@S [ 7

r ` tu r b 6 7

}

}

r ` tu r b < 7}

∑( v m e i ) ` x t r l c t v ` c t m r s : ( L XHrlk` ∔) p e c t {c m b st e b t s n e h t ; < + pHrlk`∑2k mt em b s ua sl kp o` o md 1 7 e b t ka y 7u e b t > t ∔ ptr 7e b t e 7e b t n c n r m kl s n e h t , v c n r m kl s n e h t , a o m c g n ` e d n t 7c m b s t e b t weitn ; pCmi`cCtx∑2weitn 7c m b s t e bt n ` e d n t ; pCmi`cCtx∑2n ` e d n t 7c m b st e b t k v sl k po ` om d 1 ; 9 ∑ p e c t ∑2k m t e m b s u a s l kp o ` o m d 1 7c m bs t e bt k v s t re i ` ; ( ka weitn ?? kv s lkpo` omd1 ) + (pC mi` cC tx∑2cm i` c ei ;; CMI@C EI N1e b t k a s t r e i ` ; ( w e it n +<0)2297

/////s∑2o m w i ` ol y ; 6 7 // b `` i` i t m s ` ` t n` v ` c t mr s w et nm ut t r l s ne b d t n` a u h h ` r sl v c m i ` c d ` t c n r m k l s u a s l k p o ` ( p Cm i` cC tx∑2p e x h k t , & n c n r m k l s n e h t , & v c n r m k l s n e h t ) 7

p e c t ∑2ty p` ; HH APHH@Q YUV@ CMVU7p e c t ∑2mplqu`; BPOO7p t r ; p e c t ∑2il tl W 6 [ 7

a o m cg n ` e d nt ; < 8 22 v c n r m k l s n e h t 7

h m r ( ka y ; 6 7 ka y ? ka nèdnt 7 ka y++) {e b t ka x 7h m r ( ka x ; 6 7 ka x ? ka weitn 7 ka x++) {

c m b s t e b t k a eb i` x ; k a x + k a y ∔ (ka w eitn+<)7e h ( ( p Cm i` cC tx∑2iàud kv) && pec t ∑2k m t e m b v l o ) {

e b t t y p` 7h m r ( t yp ` ; 6 7 t yp ` ? 37 typ` ++) {

e b t i e r ` ct e m b ; 6 7s w et c n ( t y p ` ) {

c ls ` 6 :e h ( ( ! ( p Cm i` cC tx∑2iàud kv & HH I@APD XES KX V HMQ) ) | |

( pec t ∑2pe ct ty p` !; LX VECYPQ@ YUV@ V))c m b t e b u ` 7

i e r ` ct e m b ; 6 7ar`lg 7

c ls ` < :e h ( ( ! ( p Cm i` cC tx∑2iàud kv & HH I@APD XES KX A HMQ) ) | |

98



LVV@BIEC@S

( pec t ∑2pe ct ty p` !; LX VECYPQ@ YUV@ A))c m b t e b u ` 7

i e r ` ct e m b ; 6 7ar`lg 7

c ls ` 1 :e h ( ( ! ( p Cm i` cC tx∑2i`aud kv & HH I@APD XES KX A ALCG) ) | |

( pec t ∑2pe ct ty p` !; LX VECYPQ@ YUV@ A))

c m b t e b u ` 7i e r ` ct e m b ; < 7ar`lg 7

}e h ( ! PS @S OE SY ( p e c t ∑2k a t y p` W k a e b i ` x [ , i e r ` c t e m b ) )

c m b t e b u ` 7

e h ( E S > ^> ( p e c t∑2ka typ` W ka ebi`x [ ) ) {e b t e 7h mr ( e ; 6 7 e ? 9 7 e ++) {

e b t s x ; ka x ∔ < 8 + 9 + > ∔ ( e & < ) 7e b t s y ; ka y ∔ < 8 + 9 + > ∔ ( e 22 < ) 7e b t xy ; ( ka x ∔ 1 + ( e & < ) +

(ka y ∔ 1 + ( e 22 < ) ) ∔ k v s t r e i ` ) ?? ( k v s l k p o ` o m d 1 ∑ < ) 7e b t kx ; ( p e c t ∑2kmtem b vlo W ier ` c te mb [ W xy [ W 6 [ 22 s n e h t ) + s x 7e b t ky ; ( p e c t ∑2kmtem b vlo W ier ` c te mb [ W xy [ W < [ 22 s n e h t ) + s y 7

e h ( ( p e ct ∑2k a s g e p t l a o ` W x y [ ? < ) | | ( h eo t` rK A;;BM)) {W s ` o h irlw lrrmw : s x s y : s y ` x :kx ` y :ky typ` : e [ 7

}

}} ` o s ` e h ( E S < 8^ > ( p e ct ∑2ka typ` W ka ebi`x [ ) ) {

e b t e 7h mr ( e ; 6 7 e ? 1 7 e ++) {

e b t s x ; ka x ∔ < 8 + > 7e b t s y ; ka y ∔ < 8 + 9 + > ∔ e 7e b t xy ; ( ka x ∔ 1 + ( ka y ∔ 1 + e ) ∔ k v s t r e i ` ) ?? ( k v s l k p o ` o m d 1 ∑e b t kx ; ( p e c t ∑2kmtem b vlo W ier ` c te mb [ W xy [ W 6 [ 22 s n e h t ) 7e b t ky ; ( p e c t ∑2kmtem b vlo W ier ` c te mb [ W xy [ W < [ 22 s n e h t ) 7

e h (ES EBY@QOLC@I( pe ct ∑2ka typ` W ka ebi` x [ ) )ky ∔; 1 7

e h ( ( p e ct ∑2k a s g e p t l a o ` W x y [ ? < ) | | ( h eo t` rK A;;BM)) {W s ` o h irlw lrrmw : s x s y : s y ` x :kx ` y :ky typ` :9+ e [ 7

}}

} ` o s ` e h ( E S > ^< 8 ( p e ct ∑2ka typ` W ka ebi`x [ ) ) {e b t e 7h mr ( e ; 6 7 e ? 1 7 e ++) {

e b t s x ; ka x ∔ < 8 + 9 + > ∔ e 7e b t s y ; ka y ∔ < 8 + > 7e b t xy ; ( ka x ∔ 1 + e + ka y ∔ 1 ∔ k v s t r e i ` ) ?? ( k v s l k p o ` o m d 1 ∑ <e b t kx ; p e c t ∑2kmtem b vlo W ier ` c te mb [ W xy [ W 6 [ 22 s n e h t 7e b t ky ; p e c t ∑2kmtem b vlo W ier ` c te mb [ W xy [ W < [ 22 s n e h t 7

e h (ES EBY@QOLC@I( pe ct ∑2ka typ` W ka ebi` x [ ) )ky ∔; 1 7

e h ( ( p e ct ∑2k a s g e p t l a o ` W x y [ ? < ) | | ( h eo t` rK A;;BM)) {W s ` o h irlw lrrmw : s x s y : s y ` x :kx ` y :ky typ` :8+ e [ 7

}}

} ` o s ` {e b t s x; k a x ∔ < 8 + > 7e b t s y; k a y ∔ < 8 + > 7e b t x y; ( k a x + ka y ∔ k v s t r e i ` ) ?? k v s l k p o ` o m d 1 7eb t kx; ( pec t ∑2k m t e m b v l o W i e r ` c t e m b [ W x y [ W6 [ 2 2 s n e h t ) + s x 7eb t ky; ( pec t ∑2k m t e m b v l o W i e r ` c t e m b [ W x y [ W< [ 2 2 s n e h t ) + s y 7e h ( ( p e ct ∑2k a s g e p t l a o ` W x y [ ? < ) | | ( h eo t` rK A;;BM)) {

W s ` o h irlw lrrmw : s x s y : s y ` x :kx ` y :ky typ` : > [ 7}

}}

}}

94



LVV@BIEC@S

}

}

utilizing the h.264:mpeg-4 avc compressed domain for computationally cheap abnormal motion detection

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