using social funds to empower and target poor and...

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

USING SOCIAL FUNDS TO EMPOWER AND TARGET POOR AND VULNERABLE GROUPS IN A POST-CONFLICT

SETTINGS

MACEDONIAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

World Bank HeadquartersWashington D.C.

May , 2006


Presentation overviewPresentation overview

•• CONTEXT CONTEXT

•• TARGETING AND MUNICIPAL PROFILINGTARGETING AND MUNICIPAL PROFILINGBiljana Lazarevska, MCDP Executive Director

•• OUTREACHOUTREACH

•• STRENGHTENING CAPACITY ON LOCAL LEVELSTRENGHTENING CAPACITY ON LOCAL LEVEL

Ankica Ivanovska, Outreach and Training Program Coordinator

•• MONITORING AND EVALUATIONMONITORING AND EVALUATIONAleksandra Barjaktarova, Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist

•• MAYORMAYOR’’S PERSPECTIVE TO MCDP APPROACHS PERSPECTIVE TO MCDP APPROACH

Erduan Iseni, Mayor of Suto Orizari


ContextContext

BackgroundMacedonia achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991

In early 2001, ethnic Albanian armed groups began a low-gradeinsurgency that brought the country to the brink of civil war

In August 2001, the international community brokered a FrameworkAgreement

Government priorities1. Address post conflict priorities including the country’s main

problems:• poverty • unemployment • disparities in living standards• the poor state of social and economic services and • limited public service capacity at the local level

2. Decentralization process


Addressing postAddressing post--conflict priorities conflict priorities

The Ohrid framework Agreement signed in August 2001, andthe Amendments of the Constitution brought new momentumto the local self government reforms

• Bridging from post-conflict to development

• Strengthening social cohesion through small scaled micro-projects

• Providing equal access to services

• Address social needs to reconciliation among different social ethnic and vulnerable groups


Decentralization ProcessDecentralization Process

In November 1999 the Government of RM adopted the Strategy for Local Self-government Reform

The Law on Local Self-government clearly lays down the areas of decentralization

Objectives of the Reform Strengthening of the democratic institutions at local levelPromotion the rule of lawProvision of public services at local level

Key elements of the ReformDecentralization of powerFiscal decentralizationTerritorial organization Capacity building in the municipalities


Main objectives

1. To provide support to the Government of Macedonia in its post-conflict efforts aimed at building local and social capital, fostering reconciliation amongst its people

2. To support the Government's decentralization initiatives

3. To increase citizens participation in decision-making

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT


IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PARTNERS IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PARTNERS AND STAKEHOLDERSAND STAKEHOLDERS


Integrative Approaches for Local DevelopmentIntegrative Approaches for Local Development


TARGETINGTARGETING

Poverty Targeting Strategy on three stages

REGIONALREGIONAL TARGETINGTARGETING

MUNICIPALMUNICIPAL TARGETINGTARGETING

COMMUNITY TARGETINGCOMMUNITY TARGETING


REGIONAL TARGETINGREGIONAL TARGETING

The regional allocations are based on two broad factors:

• The population size of each region

• Composite poverty-conflict index computed from three poverty indicators and two conflict indicators


MUNICIPAL TARGETINGMUNICIPAL TARGETINGIndicative planning figuresIndicative planning figures

Specific criteria for clustering the municipalities:

• Total population

• Population by age

• Population by gender

• Average income

• Rate of unemployment (number and percentage)

• Percentage of population receiving social assistance


MUNICIPAL TARGETINGMUNICIPAL TARGETING

Ranking Process Ranking Process Individual clusters based on data received from official state sources:

• Number of households receiving state benefits(Source: Ministry of labor and social policy)

• Rate of unemployment(Source: Employment Bureau)

• Number of underdeveloped communities within the municipalities(Source: Decision of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia) incorporating average income and dynamic distribution of population

• Municipal environment (rural or urban)


MUNICIPAL PROFILINGMUNICIPAL PROFILINGClusters of the municipalitiesClusters of the municipalities

Cluster 1: The RURAL MUNICIPALITIES with the highest ranking according to the criteria and limited capacity for micro-project preparation anddefinition

Cluster 2: The mainly BIGGER RURAL MUNICIPALITIES possessing higher capacity for micro-project development, preparation and implementation

Cluster 3: The URBAN MUNICIPALITIES possessing both experience in the micro-project development, preparation and implantation.

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTClusters of the municipalitiesClusters of the municipalities

Municipality Region Population Municipality Region Population Municipality Region Population

1 ZITOSE Pelagoniski 2.210 1 BAC Pelagoniski 755 1 PRILEP Pelagoniski 73.787

2 KRIVOGASTANI Pelagoniski 6.034 2 STARAVINA Pelagoniski 321 2 KRUSEVO Pelagoniski 9.644

3 DOLNENI Pelagoniski 11.655 3 BISTRICA Pelagoniski 5.057 3 DEMIR HISAR Pelagoniski 7.299

4 VITOLISTE Pelagoniski 510 4 DOBRUSEVO Pelagoniski 2.171 4 BITOLA Pelagoniski 86.594

5 TOPOLCANI Pelagoniski 2.955 5 NOVACI Pelagoniski 2.472 5 MOGILA Pelagoniski 4.541

6 CAPARI Pelagoniski 1.432 6 SOPOTNICA Pelagoniski 2.349 6 KUKURECANI Pelagoniski 2.517

7 BOGOMILA Vardarski 1.263 7 GRADSKO Vardarski 3.770 7 NEGOTINO Vardarski 19.017

8 KONOPISTE Vardarski 401 8 DEMIR KAPIJA Vardarski 4.660 8 VELES Vardarski 57.811

9 IZVOR Vardarski 1.062 9 CASKA Vardarski 2.931 9 KAVADARCI Vardarski 38.451

10 LIPKOVO North east 27.576 10 ROSOMAN Vardarski 4.145 10 KUMANOVO North east 105.037

11 STARO NAGORICANE North east 4.217 11 ORASAC North east 1.246 11 KRATOVO North east 10.500

12 RANKOVCE North east 4.197 12 VEVCANI South west 2.431 12 KICEVO South west 30.610

13 KLECOVCE North east 1.567 13 KOSEL South west 1.373 13 VRANESTICA South west 1.359

14 LUKOVO South west 1.529 14 BELCISTA South west 3.025 14 PLASNICA South west 4.710

15 DEBAR South west 17.824 15 OSLOMEJ South west 10.680 15 MAKEDONSKI BROD South west 5.667

16 CENTAR ZUPA South west 6.619 16 DRUGOVO South west 3.298 16 OHRID South west 54.506

17 VELESTA South west 7.130 17 LABUNISTA South west 8.809 17 STRUGA South west 36.670

18 SAMOKOV South west 1.583 18 DELOGOZDI South west 6.885 18 MESEISTA South west 2.580

19 ZAJAS South west 12.140 19 ZELENIKOVO Skopski 4.115 19 CAIR Skopski 70.441

20 ARACINOVO Skopski 11.315 20 KONDOVO Skopski 11.160 20 GORCE PETROV Skopski 41.710

21 STUDENICANI Skopski 17.314 21 CUCER SANDEVO Skopski 7.493 21 GAZI BABA Skopski 72.780

22 SARAJ Skopski 24.475 22 ILINDEN Skopski 15.823 22 OPSTINA CENTAR Skopski 83.008

23 SUTO ORIZERI Skopski 16.273 23 SOPISTE Skopski 9.626 23 KISELA VODA Skopski 126.138

24 PETROVEC Skopski 8.205 24 KONCE South east 3.543 24 KARPOS Skopski 60.292

25 VASILEVO South east 10.691 25 STAR DOJRAN South east 3.446 25 RADOVIS South east 24.553

26 NOVO SELO South east 11.692 26 MURTINO South east 6.553 26 BOGDANCI South east 8.709

27 PODARES South east 3.752 27 BOSILOVO South east 12.494 27 MIRAVCI South east 2.633

28 KUKLIS South east 4.449 28 SRBINOVO Poloski 4.068 28 GEVGELIJA South east 20.510

29 SIPKOVICA Poloski 7.598 29 KAMENJANE Poloski 14.860 29 TEARCE Poloski 23.732

30 ROSTUSA Poloski 9.544 30 NEGOTINO-POLOSKO Poloski 18.414 30 ZELINO Poloski 25.670

31 DZEPCISTE Poloski 7.949 31 BOGOVINJE Poloski 15.446 31 CEGRANE Poloski 12.926

32 VRUTOK Poloski 6.242 32 VRAPCISTE Poloski 9.191 32 JEGUNOVCE Poloski 7.309

33 MAVROVI ANOVI Poloski 1.043 33 VRATNICA Poloski 3.676 33 TETOVO Poloski 72.103

34 DOLNA BANICA Poloski 9.727 34 PEHCEVO East 5.550 34 BRVENICA Poloski 16.603

35 ZLETOVO East 3.442 35 CESINOVO East 2.435 35 KOCANI East 33.824

36 ORIZARI East 4.424 36 LOZOVO East 2.860 36 DELCEVO East 17.481

37 OBLESEVO East 5.077 37 ZRNOVCE East 3.262 37 SVETI NIKOLE East 18.541

38 BLATEC East 2.024 38 VINICA East 17.960

39 KARBINCI East 4.019 39 BEROVO East 13.942

40 MAKEDONSKA KAMENICA East 8.310 40 PROBISTIP East 12.797

2004 2005 2006CLASTER 1 CLASTER 2 CLASTER 3

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTMap of Republic of Macedonia , 84 municipalities Map of Republic of Macedonia , 84 municipalities (in use from June 2004(in use from June 2004))


COMMUNITY TARGETINGCOMMUNITY TARGETINGCommunity mappingCommunity mapping

Experience of the Community mapping and social needassessment exercise:

Approach to the Community

Survey questionnaire for the communities(short and modified version)

Criteria for ranking/mapping the communities


Outreach and Promotion at a Municipal LevelOutreach and Promotion at a Municipal Level• Official presentation of the CDP activities and procedures to

responsible decision-makers at the municipal level• Discussion and stimulation of dialog • Information dissemination

OUTREACHOUTREACH

Participatory ProcessParticipatory Process•CIC Formation •Identification of problems to be solved •Community Discussions on problems and priorities

•Selection and ranking priorities by voting

Decision MakingDecision Making


• Training on micro-project Level

• Training on Local Government Level

LOCAL LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING


TRAINING ON MICRO PROJECT LEVELTRAINING ON MICRO PROJECT LEVEL

Capacity Building for communities

Outcomes: • Initiated new behavior patterns and abilities contributing to

poverty reduction and reconciliation in the communities

• Strengthened participative decision-making process

• Increased environmental awareness

• Increased capabilities of vulnerable groups in local development.


Capacity Building for CICs

Outcomes• Well trained local CIC’s members in micro-project preparation,

procurement, implementation, supervision, and reporting

• Empowered local capacity in providing sustainable solutions to poverty and confidence in future initiative, and

• Strengthened capacities of user’s committees and improve their chances of implementing sustainable mechanisms.


• Training for Financial Management and Budgeting

• Municipal Stakeholders Training on identification of Social Problems and Community outreach on local level– Follow up

Development of Local Action Plan for social protection

TRAINING ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL


Coordination with the key Donors and GovernmentCoordination with the key Donors and Government1. Cooperation with OSCE , USAID/MDW and Ministry of Finance :• Preparation activities • Preparation of the training materials- modules and manuals • Organizing and realization of the Training for Trainers • Organizing and implementation of the training session (8).

2. Cooperation with the Trilateral Committee for training coordination (MLS,ASC,ZELS, UNDP)

Training ObjectivesTraining Objectives1. Support to the Government Decentralisation Process2. Capacity building to local administration to perform new

competences from fiscal decentralization and the budgeting process3. Development of modules and training materials as representing

tools to fiscal decentralization process.

Training for Financial Management and Budgeting

March-Sep 2006


1. Achieved practical knowledge for implementing new laws and regulation:

• Budgeting and responsibility transfer from central to local level• Methodology for revenues and expenditures calculation, according to legal

propositions• Rules for planning and executing the budget.

2. Trained local administration for new competencies

3. Achieved Training institutional qualification

• Part of the National Training Program to support the overall decentralization• Standardised training materials for practical use of knowledge• Certification issued

4. Recommendation for future strategic planning and program budgeting

Training outcomesTraining outcomes


Training objectives

• To raise the level of capacity and skills among municipal employees on social problems and their identification, using the horizontal lines of local collaboration and resources.

• To help municipalities in understanding and overtaking its responsibilities and role in the decentralization process in social care:

- identification of local social problems- provision of local social services - overtaking own initiative and local action

• To attract attention of the municipal authorities for local social problems as a part of municipal agenda and program planning

Municipal Stakeholders Training on identification of Social Problems and Community outreach on

local levelMay-December 2005


• Achieved essential knowledge in social protection and services

• Strengthened local capacities for effective identification and diagnosis of local social needs and problems

• Ensuring practical understanding on the issues of joint planning, operating of local social services

• Achieved knowledge in community outreach, particularly to rural settlements and remote communities

• Improved relationships between municipal authorities, NGOs, social institutions, Centers for social work and other relevant institutions

• Raising the awareness among the municipal authorities on the importance of development of the social local action plans and programs to address social needs and provide local social services

• Trained communities to start initiatives for solving local social problems

Training outcomesTraining outcomes


• Upgrade knowledge for social problems and social needs in different domain of social care

• Establishment of municipal forms of social care of vulnerable population groups, in terms of decentralized process and municipal responsibilities and competencies in field of social care

• Analyze for possible development of social services for vulnerable social groups, using not only external financial assistance for start up of services, as well making real plan of sustainability (relying on local resources) of developed services after the external assistance.

Recommendations Recommendations

Follow up TrainingMunicipal Officers Workshops on development of Local Action Planfor social protection


MONITORING AND EVALUATIONMONITORING AND EVALUATION

Objectives:

• To provide regular information on progress toward results

• To identify impending problems in implementation so that adjustments can be made

• To ensure that procedures carried out are in compliance with theOperational Manual

• To determine how the CDP is affecting the intended beneficiariessocial conditions and capacities to take charge and maintain services they decided upon


• FIELD MICRO-PROJECTS MONITORING

– Community level – CIC monitoring– Supervisor (Consultant)– CDP PIU’s physical monitoring

• INTERNAL MONITORING• MIS follow-up• FMS follow-up

LEVELS OF MONITORINGLEVELS OF MONITORING


• BENEFICIARY ASSESSMENTS

• TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF WORK

TYPES OF EVALUATIONSTYPES OF EVALUATIONS


Methodology and sampling for the Methodology and sampling for the Beneficiary Assessment Beneficiary Assessment

Selection of the projects according to the criteria:

• Type of the project (8 infrastructure/3 social services m-p)

• Location (8 rural / 3 urban)

• Stage of implementation (8 completed / 3 in progress)

• Ethnic profile of the community

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTAnalysis for each microAnalysis for each micro--project emphasizedproject emphasizedthe following topics:the following topics:

• The Rationale for Intervention

• Micro-Project Impact:Individual LevelCommunity and municipal level andEconomic Impact

• Satisfaction with the Contractor and the construction material used

• Partnership during the Implementation, Management and Supervision of the Project

• Micro-Project Sustainability

• Transparency and Awareness

• CDP Role and beneficiaries readiness to support similar initiatives

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

• The implementation of micro-projects on the local level with suitable involvement of all stakeholders was a step forward in the process of decentralization and in strengthening capacities of the local communities

• The role of the CIC was dominant in enlightening and overcoming of the targeted local problems and CIC establishment proved as very important for effective support to micro projects implementation

• The partnership established between the CDP and the CIC during the planning, management, supervision and monitoring of the implementation positively influenced the projects

• The willingness and the enthusiasm of the local population to contribute with voluntary engagement and with some financial support was substantial


RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

• CDP should intensify the promotion activities for all relevant aspects of the projects

• There is need for more intensive engagement of the locally available, unemployed workforce

• The public should be regularly informed about the issues relatedwith the sustainability of the projects

• There is need for training of the local communities for identification of the social problems and raising their capacity to design and undertake suitable social services


TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF WORKSQUALITY OF WORKS

The objective of the survey was to provide an overall assessment of implemented micro project through appraisal of:

• CDP approach for selection of the micro project

• Quality standards of implemented micro project

• Level and quality of supervision

• Sustainability of the micro project


Analysis for each microAnalysis for each micro--projectprojectemphasized the following topics:emphasized the following topics:

• Review of the operational documents

• Assessment of bidding documents

• Assessment of the quality of the works performed

• Assessment of the quality of Supervision of works

• Assessment of environment impact

• Assessment of the project sustainability

• Review of the technical support by the PIU


Operational documentation

Tender documentation

Quality of works performed

Level of supervision of works

Project sustainability

Technical support of PIU

95,90

92,50

86,8788,50

98,50

97,50

80,00

82,00

84,00

86,00

88,00

90,00

92,00

94,00

96,00

98,00

100,00

Operational documentation

Tender documentation

Quality of works performed

Level of supervision of works

Project sustainability

Technical support of PIU


CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• The biggest achievement was an active participation of the LocalSelf-Government and Communities, through possibility to elaborate current infrastructure problems and propose solution for their resolving.

• Selection criteria and ranking of proposed micro-projects were considered 100% satisfactory

• All the implemented micro-project has achieved the goals set in the application process and were performed in accordance with the Macedonian quality standards

• Sustainability of the micro-projects, their maintenance and management during exploitation stage is a task for the Local Self-Government

• General recommendation was the necessity to upgrade the technical level of the Main Design


PROJECT OUTCOMESPROJECT OUTCOMES

• Improved access and availability of community infrastructure andservices in poor, conflict-affected and vulnerable communities

• Strengthened institutional capacities at local governments and communities level to plan and manage their investments and improve the decentralized management of service delivery

• Nation-wide Local Government Training with standardized training materials, part of the Government Action Plan for training LocalOfficials

• Empowered inter-community integration through effective outreach programs and partnership building at the local level

• Enhanced national level planning and policy formulation

• Prepared Action Plans for Social Protection and services


Municipality of SUTO ORIZARIMunicipality of SUTO ORIZARI


BASIC INFORMATION

1. The only municipality in the World with a Roma administration

2. One of the 10 Skopje Municipalities (State Capitol)

3. Estimated population 40.000 in over 5000 households with social agenda

4. High percentage of unemployment

5. Ranked in first MCDP cluster

6. Presence of urban and communal problems

7. Refugees and IDP’s in host families

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTCooperation with MCDP

• Initial contact with MCDP• CIC establishment• Assessment of community proposed projects• Selection and prioritization• Actual implementation

Sex and Demographic Structure Representatives of:

Women Men Ethnicity Local Self Government

NGO’s Neighboring Communities

Local Branches of

the Ministries M A T R O 5 13 3 1 / 14 /

5 6 6 1

CIC structure


1. Proposals, Decision making processand Selection of infrastructure projects

• Establishment of the CIC (inclusion of different beneficiaries and stakeholders)

• Prepossessions of infrastructure priorities (interactive approach to identification of the municipal priorities)

• Listing of the proposals (participatory process)

• Decision making process (discussions and selection priorities)

2. Proposals, Decision making process and Selection of infrastructure projects

• Establishment of the CIC of the City of Skopje

• Prepossessions of social priorities in the City of Skopje

• Short listing of the proposals

• Decision making process

• Selection of 6 priorities of which one is selected to be in Municipality of Suto Orizari“Daily Center for Street Children”

Community Implementation CommitteeCommunity Implementation CommitteeMeetings during Outreach process


Implemented projects Implemented projects

20052005--20062006

ID Code Micro-project name Budget (US$)

Number of Beneficiary

628 5-123-04/I-S-01/190 Construction of a sewage system on Iljo Vojvoda street

42,848.51 850

576 5-125-05/S-Y-01/642 Daily Center for street children 24,499.76 28

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTConstruction of the sewage system on Construction of the sewage system on

IljoIljo VojvodaVojvoda streetstreet

Impacts of infrastructure microImpacts of infrastructure micro--projectproject::

• Improving of living condition

• Reducing environmental pollution

• Reducing the devastation and damages on the street

• Improvement of communication and quality of access to basic service and connection between communities.

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTConstruction of the sewage system Construction of the sewage system

on on IljoIljo VojvodaVojvoda streetstreet

Before During After

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTDaily Center for street children

located within the Kinder Garden Snow White

Target groupDirect: Children averaging 7 to 15 Indirect: Parents and the community

Activities:• Workshops on learning sanitation habits • Thematic interactive workshops• Art and music interactive games• School support • Free activities (recreations and

amusements)• Parents counseling • Medical examination • Individual work with the parents

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTImpacts of social services microImpacts of social services micro--project:project:

IMPACT ON DIRECT BENEFICIARIES• Institutional support and social inclusion

• Improvement basic hygienic habits

• Mentoring in basics knowledge and education

• Increasing social, cultural and moral attitude on street children and their parents

• Support and getting confidence on the parents for inclusion of their children in Daily Centre

• Raising parent’s awareness , and improvement of the self-esteem

IMPACT ON MUNICIPALITY/LOCALCOMMUNTY

• Identification of the street children within the Municipality of Suto Orizari

• Decreasing number of street children

• Inclusion of street children into regular educational process

• Establish cooperation with the Municipal Center for social work and Local Authorities for sustainability of the Daily Center and social inclusion of the street children

• Support Local Self Government in strengthening capacitates in social protection

MACEDONIA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTIMPORTANCE OF CAPACITY BUILDINGIMPORTANCE OF CAPACITY BUILDING

AT MUNICIPAL LEVELAT MUNICIPAL LEVEL

• Trained local administration to improve management over new mandates in financial management and social protection.

• Strengthening existing capacities

• Interactive approach in managing local problems and needs

• Direct support in implementation and maintenance of the implemented micro-projects

• Strengthening cooperation with the local NGOs and other local institutions and stakeholders

• Emphasizing cooperation with Central Government

using social funds to empower and target poor and...

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