using a 3-d geological model and petroleum data analyses...
TRANSCRIPT
Using a 3-D Geological Model and Petroleum Data Analyses to HelpMitigate Environmental Impacts of Heavy Oil and Bitumen Production
Shar AndersonChris FilewichSteve LysterKelsey MacCormack
Alberta Geological Survey402, Twin Atria Building 4999-98 AvenueEdmonton, AB www.ags.gov.ab.ca
The regional petroleum sampling and analysis program was primarily designed to better understand the chemistry of the gas coming from the oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen as it relates to odorous compounds and to discern regional source-rock contributions to PROS-area hydrocarbons. Sampling concentrated on gathering data about the fluids coming from the ground before any treatment occurred at the surface and before the compounds were dispersed in air. A regional sampling approach was necessary to be able to compare fluids from the PROS area with source type oils from outside the area and fluids from other OSAs. The relatively small sample set was chosen in order to help address the objectives of this study within a relatively short timeframe. It provides data for broadly characterizing the oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen in the PROS area.
Twelve wells were sampled: nine producing from designated oil sands deposits throughout the province and three producing oils known to be sourced from specific source rocks (i.e., the Duvernay, Exshaw, and Gordondale, respectively) (Figure 1). For eight of the designated oil sands wells and the Gordondale and Exshaw oil type wells, both casing gas and liquid samples were collected. The other two wells (Two Creek and AOS Brintnell) were sampled for only liquids.
The AER hired Core Laboratories to collect the samples from ten wells where both casing gas and liquids were collected (Table 1).Casing gas samples were collected from the well casing into evacuated SilcoCan canisters. Canisters containing casing gas samples were sent to Core Laboratories for routine gas analysis and RSC analysis, which they refer to as trace sulphur analysis (TSA). Duplicate casing gas samples were also sent to Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF), which offers C1 to C4, inert gas, RSC, and VOC analyses. The main differences between the RSC analyses of the two laboratories are the number of compounds analyzed and the detection limit ranges routinely used. Liquid samples were collected into stainless steel canisters and analyzed at Core Laboratories for routine oil composition as well as nickel and vanadium trace metal analyses. A portion of each liquid sample was sent to the G.G. Hatch Stable Isotope Laboratory at the University of Ottawa for sulphur and nitrogen isotope analyses.
Gas emitted from liquid samples was also analyzed. Ten liquid samples were heated to 25°C (25-flash) for 24 hours; gas emitted during the test was subjected to routine gas analysis and TSA. A portion of this gas was captured into evacuated SilcoCan canisters and analyzed for VOCs. Three of the ten samples were also heated to 80°C (80-flash) for 24 hours and subjected to routine gas analysis and TSA.
Petroleum Sampling and Analysis Program
Source-Rock Contribution
• There are currently four geological plays in the PROS area with heavy oil and bitumen deposits: the Bluesky-Gething play, the Belloy play, the Debolt play, and the Pekisko play. The amalgamation of the heavy oil and bitumen deposits identified in each play was used to create a 3-D geobody representing the area currently prospective for oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen.
• There is more Gordondale Member–sourced oil in these plays in the western part of the PROS area, and more Exshaw Formation–sourced oil in the eastern part of the PROS area as well as in deeper geological plays. However, stratigraphic architecture, the extensive faulting, and degree of homogenization of the oils through processes such as biodegradation make it impossible to draw a boundary separating their occurrence.
• The process and degree of biodegradation, not only the source rock, leads to increased sulphur content, and increased sulphur content does not appear to correlate to increased RSCs and VOCs in the samples.
• In the PROS area, the 3-D zone in the subsurface where the heavy oil and bitumen appears to have the highest probability for increased odours and emissions is related to depth, oil properties, and heat treatment during production, regardless of the geological play or source rock. This zone is called the ‘PROS Heavy Oil / Bitumen Zone’ and is defined as any zone above the depth where heavy oil and bitumen have densities ≥950 kg/m , viscosities ≥1000 cP, and below the base of the Fort St. John Group. This is the zone in each play where heavy oil and bitumen will need to be heated to temperatures significantly higher than initial reservoir temperature (high temperature differential), either in the reservoir or at surface, to allow it to flow.
• While both RSCs and VOCs are present in the produced oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen, there is no correlation between their concentrations and the oil’s source rock.
• There is a trend of increasing RSC concentrations released from the oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen as the temperature difference between original reservoir temperatures and production temperatures increases.
Conclusions
Table 1. Table showing sample locations and information.
The trace metal and isotope data acquired during this study are consistent with those presented in Adams et al. (2013) and indicate mainly Gordondale and Exshaw sourcing in the PROS area and a lack of Gordondale source-rock contribution in the other OSAs (Figure 2). The Exshaw component increases as you move northeast through the PROS area (Figure 3). The exception to this is the sample from northeast of the Red Earth Highlands, which was taken from a well that had recently been converted to SAGD production. The water source for the steam may have changed the sulphur isotope ratios without affecting the vanadium to nickel ratio. Due to the mixing of these source oils and the complexity of the oil contribution based on depth, it would be extremely difficult to draw a line between where pure Gordondale-sourced oil and pure Exshaw-sourced oil exists within the Peace River recommendation areas. This area appears to be a mixture of both source rocks.
The Gordondale type oil analyzed for this study is likely of higher organic maturity than the type oils in Adams et al. (2013), which may account for the variation from the Adams et al. (2013) Gordondale source-oil box (Figure 2). Some samples could not be plotted in Figure 2 because isotopic data were not analyzed for or were unable to be determined by the laboratory. In Figure 3, the data shows an increasing Gordondale component from northeast to southwest across the PROS area. Some samples could not be plotted in Figure 3 because isotopic data were not analyzed for or because the nickel and vanadium contents were below detection limits.
Volatile Organic Compounds and Reduced Sulphur Compounds
Odour Threshold Exceedences
Adams, J., Larter, S., Bennett, B., Huang, H., Westrich, J. and van Kruisdijk, C. (2013): The dynamic interplay of oil mixing, charge timing, and biodegradation in forming the Alberta oil sands: insights from geologic modeling and biogeochemistry; in AAPG studies in geology #64: heavy-oil and oil-sand petroleum systems in Alberta and beyond, F. J. Hein, D. Leckie, S. Larter, and
J. R. Suter (ed.), American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 23–102.
Nagata, Y. (2003): Measurement of odor threshold by triangle odor bag method; Journal of Japan Air Cleaning Association, v. 41, no. 2, p. 17–25.
References
This project could not be accomplished without the knowledge and skills of several individuals, particularly those within the Alberta Energy Regulator. Our team would like to recognize the efforts of the following individuals:
Acknowledgements
• Jacqui Chrystal• Aaron Dalton• Robin Datta• Matt Grobe• Fran Hein
• Kirk MacKay• Yasmin Maherali• Panch Panchalingam• Jesse Peterson• Connie Pollo
• Dean Rokosh• Jill Weiss
Sample Program Details
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High Level
Fort Vermilion
Slave Lake
Athabasca
Whitecourt
EDMONTON
Lloydminster
Cold Lake
Lac La Biche
Fort McMurray
Peace River
AthabascaOil Sands Area
Cold LakeOil Sands Area
Peace River Oil Sands Area
Drayton Valley
Petroleum Sampling Locations
ModelArea
Grande Prairie
Edson
Oil sands designated heavy o il and bitumen
Source t ype-oil
Location UWI Well Name Area Geological Unit Sample Type102/16-30-091-12W5/0 ANDORA 1L SAWN LK 16-30-91-12 PROS Sawn Lake Bluesky-Gething casing gas and liquids100/13-09-062-03W4/0 BAYTEX 13D HZ BEAVRDM 13-9-62-3 CLOS Beaverdam Grand Rapids casing gas and liquids100/01-29-079-20W5/0 BAYTEX N317 KIMIWAN 1-29-79-20 PROS Reno Bluesky-Gething casing gas and liquids100/05-13-081-21W4/4 CNRL CBP39-5D BRINT 8-13-81-21 AOS Brintnell Wabiskaw-McMurray liquids100/16-24-063-17W5/0 COPRC 100 HZ TWOCK 16-24-63-17 Two Creek Duvernay liquids125/03-17-070-03W4/0 CVE FCCL E12W04 FISHER 3-17-70-3 AOS Foster Creek Wabiskaw-McMurray casing gas and liquids100/04-29-074-07W6/0 ECA HZ LA GLACE 4-29-74-7 La Glace Gordondale casing gas and liquids105/16-32-082-14W5/0 MURPHY 16-31HZ S280 SEAL 16-32-82-14 PROS Seal Lake Bluesky-Gething casing gas and liquids102/12-17-082-13W5/0 MURPHY SEAL 12-17-82-13 PROS Seal Lake Pekisko casing gas and liquids102/02-01-083-18W5/8 PENN WEST HZ PEACE RVR 2-1-83-18 PROS Walrus Bluesky-Gething casing gas and liquids103/16-26-084-17W5/2 SCL HZ S343 CLIFFD 16-26-84-17 PROS Three Creeks Bluesky-Gething casing gas and liquids100/08-35-055-05W5/0 VH1 ALEXIS 8-35-55-5 St. Anne Exshaw casing gas and liquids
Figure 1. Map of sampling locations.
0
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‐5 0 5 10 15
Sulphu
r con
tent (g
/kg)
δ34S (‰ CDT)
Biod
egradatio
n
Exshaw Type Oils
Gordondale Type Oils
Duvernay Type Oils
Gordondale Type
Exshaw Type
PROS Pekisko
AOS Wabiskaw‐McMurrayCLOS Grand Rapids
PROS Bluesky‐Gething
Northeast PROS
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3.4
3.6
‐2 0 2 4 6 8 10
V/Ni
δ34S (‰ CDT)
Exshaw‐Sourced Oils
Gordondale‐Sourced Oils
Exshaw Type
AOS Wabiskaw‐McMurray
CLOS ‐ Grand Rapids
SW
NE
PROS Pekisko
PROS Bluesky‐Gething
Northeast PROS
Figure 2. Total sulphur versus δ34S data.
Figure 3. Vanadium to nickel ratio (V/Ni) versus δ34S data.
In casing gas samples, RSCs appear to be significantly more odorous than the majority of VOCs detected (Figure 4). RSC concentrations commonly exceeded 1000 times the odour threshold when present in the sample, while VOCs are most commonly less than 100 times the odour threshold (Tables 2–6). This is in part due to sulphur compounds having lower threshold ranges on average than hydrocarbon compounds, making it easier for the threshold to be exceeded (Nagata, 2003).
The total concentration of RSCs and VOCs was analyzed for trends that would indicate that there could be differences between oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen regionally across all OSAs or locally within the PROS area. The following observations were made:
• Total VOC and RSC concentrations in casing and 25-flash gas show no regional trend in the oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen (Figure 5).
• No trend is observed to indicate that oils from the PROS area emit greater RSC or VOC concentrations than those in other OSAs.
• There is a broad relationship (due to the regional nature of the sample data) between the amount of total VOCs and the oil density: less dense oil corresponds with more total VOCs (Figure 6), which is expected as lower density oils have higher concentrations of more volatile compounds.
• Total VOC and RSC concentrations in casing and 25-flash gas do not correlate to the total sulphur content in the oils (Figure 7).
• Total RSC concentrations in casing gas samples are highest in wells undergoing thermal production (Figure 8).
The data indicate that regionally, the oil sands designated heavy oil and bitumen is similar with respect to total RSC and VOC concentrations, and that the total RSC concentrations cannot be directly correlated to the total sulphur content, contrary to what was hypothesized in the Peace River proceedings.
Figure 4. RSC and VOC odour threshold exceedances multiples compared.
1
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Hydrogen
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Thioph
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Toluen
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ylbe
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ep‐Ethylto
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eMethylcyclope
ntane
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eEthylben
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m‐Ethyltoluen
e1‐Bu
tene
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Ethano
lAceton
eo‐Xylene
3‐Methylhep
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1‐Penten
e2,3‐Dimethylpen
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ethylben
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eIsop
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ethylben
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n‐De
cane
n‐Und
ecane
Carbon
tetrachloride
1,3‐Bu
tadien
e2,2,4‐Trim
ethylpen
tane
2,4‐Dimethylpen
tane
Acrolein
Carbon
disu
lfide
Chloroform
Ethyl acetate
Isop
rene
m‐Diethylbe
nzen
eMethyl ethyl keton
eMethyl m
ethacrylate
n‐Do
decane
Tetrachloroe
thylen
eTrichloroe
thylen
e
Average Odo
ur Thresho
ld M
ultip
le
Compound
RSC ‐ Casing Gas
VOC ‐ Casing Gas
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Total V
OC Co
nten
t (pp
m)
Sulphur Content (g/kg)
Casing Gas25‐Flash
GordondaleType
ExshawType
PROS Cold Production
CLOS
AOS Thermal Production
PROS Thermal Production
Figure 7. Total sulphur versus total VOCs.
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
1,000,000,000
10,000,000,000
VOC Casing Gas VOC 25‐Flash RSC Casing Gas TSA Casing Gas TSA 25‐Flash
Concen
tration (ppb
)
Reno (Bluesky‐Gething)Walrus (Bluesky‐Gething)Three Creeks (Bluesky‐Gething)Seal Lake (Bluesky‐Gething)Seal Lake (Pekisko)Sawn Lake (Bluesky‐Gething)
Figure 5. Total VOC and RSC concentrations in casing gas and 25-flash gas samples in the PROS area.
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
800 850 900 950 1000 1050
Total V
OC Co
nten
t (pp
m)
Oil Density (kg/m3)
Casing Gas25‐Flash
Oil Sands
GordondaleType
ExshawType
Figure 6. Total VOCs in casing gas and 25-flash gas versus 15°C post-cleaning absolute oil density.
1
10
100
1,000
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1,000,000
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Total R
SC Con
tent (p
pb)
Sulphur Content (g/kg)
Casing Gas ‐ RSCCasing Gas ‐ TSA25‐Flash ‐ TSA80‐Flash ‐ TSA
GordondaleType
ExshawType
PROS Cold Production
CLOS
AOS Thermal Production
PROS Thermal Production
Figure 8. Total sulphur versus total RSCs.
Units frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
ppm
vfr
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bvpp
bvpp
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bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bv
Casing Gas Data Method Detection Limit 0.00
010.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
0110
00.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
0110
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
0
Odour Threshold* OL
0.00
0899
0.00
150.
0012
1.3E
-06
1.4E
-06
0.00
013
0.00
041
OL
OL
OL
OL
0.41
55 0.07
0.00
873 0.
006
0.02
90.
013
0.56
0.00
680.
033
0.00
282.
22
Group H2S
Well Name Area - Fm
C1 C2 C3 C4 iC5
C5 C6 H2S
H2 He N2
CO2
Hydr
ogen
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ANDORA 1L SAWN LK 16-30-91-12 PROS Sawn Lake - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### 0 nd 0 0 ### 200 ### ### ### ### 300 ### 400 nd nd 300 100 ndBAYTEX 13D HZ BEAVRDM 13-9-62-3 CLOS Beaverdam - Grand Rapids 1 0 0 0 nd nd 0 nd nd nd 0 0 300 nd 100 400 100 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndBAYTEX N317 KIMIWAN 1-29-79-20 PROS Reno - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd 0 0 ### nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndCVE FCCL E12W04 FISHER 3-17-70-3 ABOS Foster Creek - Wabiskaw-McMurray 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### ### nd ### 500 nd 400 500 600 ndECA HZ LA GLACE 4-29-74-7 Gordondale Type LaGlace - Nordegg 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd 0 0 0 ### nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndMURPHY 16-31HZ S280 SEAL 16-32-82-14 PROS Seal Lake - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd 0 0 500 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndMURPHY SEAL 12-17-82-13 PROS Seal Lake - Pekisko 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd 0 0 0 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndPENN WEST HZ PEACE RVR 2-1-83-18 PROS Walrus - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd 0 0 ### nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndSCL HZ S343 CLIFFD 16-26-84-17 PROS Three Creeks - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 nd 0 300 nd nd 0 0 ### 100 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndVH1 ALEXIS 8-35-55-5 Exshaw Type St.Anne - Banff 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd 0 0 0 ### nd nd 300 nd 400 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd
C1-C7+** Inert TSA
Units frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
ppm
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bvpp
bvpp
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bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bv
25-Flash Gas Data Method Detection Limit 0.00
010.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
0110
00.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
0110
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
0
Odour Threshold* OL
0.00
0899
0.00
150.
0012
1.3E
-06
1.4E
-06
0.00
013
0.00
041
OL
OL
OL
OL
0.41
55 0.07
0.00
873 0.
006
0.02
90.
013
0.56
0.00
680.
033
0.00
282.
22
Group H2S
Well Name Area - Fm
C1 C2 C3 C4 iC5
C5 C6 H2S
H2 He N2
CO2
Hydr
ogen
sulp
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ANDORA 1L SAWN LK 16-30-91-12 PROS Sawn Lake - Bluesky-Gething 0 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0 nd 1 0 700 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndBAYTEX 13D HZ BEAVRDM 13-9-62-3 CLOS Beaverdam - Grand Rapids 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 0 300 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndBAYTEX N317 KIMIWAN 1-29-79-20 PROS Reno - Bluesky-Gething 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd 1 0 200 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndCVE FCCL E12W04 FISHER 3-17-70-3 ABOS Foster Creek - Wabiskaw-McMurray 1 0 0 0 nd nd nd ### 0 nd 0 0 ### 800 ### 800 ### 300 nd 100 nd nd nd nd nd ndECA HZ LA GLACE 4-29-74-7 Gordondale Type LaGlace - Nordegg 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd 0 0 700 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndMURPHY 16-31HZ S280 SEAL 16-32-82-14 PROS Seal Lake - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd 0 0 400 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndMURPHY SEAL 12-17-82-13 PROS Seal Lake - Pekisko 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd 0 0 0 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndPENN WEST HZ PEACE RVR 2-1-83-18 PROS Walrus - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 nd 0 0 100 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndSCL HZ S343 CLIFFD 16-26-84-17 PROS Three Creeks - Bluesky-Gething 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd 0 0 200 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndVH1 ALEXIS 8-35-55-5 Exshaw Type St.Anne - Banff 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd 0 0 0 400 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd
C1-C7+** Inert TSA
Units frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
frac
ppm
vfr
acfr
acfr
acfr
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bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
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bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bv
80-Flash Gas Data Method Detection Limit 0.00
010.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
0110
00.
0001
0.00
010.
0001
0.00
0110
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
010
0
Odour Threshold* OL
0.00
0899
0.00
150.
0012
1.3E
-06
1.4E
-06
0.00
013
0.00
041
OL
OL
OL
OL
0.41
55 0.07
0.00
873 0.
006
0.02
90.
013
0.56
0.00
680.
033
0.00
282.
22
Group H2S
Well Name Area - Fm
C1 C2 C3 C4 iC5
C5 C6 H2S
H2 He N2
CO2
Hydr
ogen
sulp
hide
Carb
onyl
sulp
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Met
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erca
ptan
Ethy
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ANDORA 1L SAWN LK 16-30-91-12 PROS Sawn Lake - Bluesky-Gething 0 0 nd nd nd nd 0 nd 0 nd 1 0 ### ### ### 900 300 200 nd 200 nd nd nd nd nd ndBAYTEX N317 KIMIWAN 1-29-79-20 PROS Reno - Bluesky-Gething 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd 1 0 200 nd 500 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ### ndCVE FCCL E12W04 FISHER 3-17-70-3 ABOS Foster Creek - Wabiskaw-McMurray 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### 0 nd 0 0 ### 900 ### ### ### 900 nd 400 500 nd nd nd ### nd
C1-C7+** Inert TSA
Units ppm
vpp
mv
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vpp
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ppm
vpp
mv
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vpp
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vpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
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bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bvpp
bv
Casing Gas Data Method Detection Limit 0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
600
2000
2000
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
2
Odour Threshold* 0.36
OL
OL
1200
1500
13 OL
OL
OL
0.00
2821
055 2.
23 0.
0087
0.41
0.00
60.
070.
013
0.02
90.
5612
017
023
036
014
010
067
020
000
420
4500
940
110
420
7000
1500
840
8900
4200
03.
627
0021
046
0038
0025
0052
087
017
013
0048 26
000
8.4
70 24 440
170
210
150
1700
18 1E+0
662
011
067
015
0022
0017
0014
003.
887
074 38
00.
398.
335 77
033
039
00
Group
Well Name Area - Fm 1-Bu
tene
Acet
ylen
eM
etha
nen-
Buta
nen-
Prop
ane
Prop
ylen
eCa
rbon
dio
xide
Nitr
ogen
Oxy
gen
Buty
l mer
capt
anCa
rbon
disu
lphi
deCa
rbon
yl su
lphi
deDi
met
hyl d
isulp
hide
Dim
ethy
l sul
phid
eEt
hyl m
erca
ptan
Hydr
ogen
sulp
hide
Isop
ropy
l mer
capt
anM
ethy
l mer
capt
anPr
opyl
mer
capt
ante
rt-B
utyl
mer
capt
anTh
ioph
ene
1,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
ne1,
3,5-
Trim
ethy
lben
zene
1,3-
Buta
dien
e1-
Bute
ne1-
Hexe
ne1-
Pent
ene
2,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
ne2,
2-Di
met
hylb
utan
e2,
3-Di
met
hylb
utan
e2,
3-Di
met
hylp
enta
ne2,
4-Di
met
hylp
enta
ne2-
Met
hylh
epta
ne2-
Met
hylh
exan
e2-
Met
hylp
enta
ne3-
Met
hylh
epta
ne3-
Met
hylh
exan
e3-
Met
hylp
enta
neAc
eton
eAc
role
inBe
nzen
eCa
rbon
disu
lfide
Carb
on te
trac
hlor
ide
Chlo
rofo
rmCy
cloh
exan
eEt
hano
l Et
hyl a
ceta
teEt
hylb
enze
neIs
open
tane
Isop
rene
Isop
ropy
l alc
ohol
Isop
ropy
lben
zene
m-D
ieth
ylbe
nzen
eM
ethy
l but
yl k
eton
eM
ethy
l eth
yl k
eton
eM
ethy
l iso
buty
l ket
one
Met
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate
Met
hylc
yclo
hexa
neM
ethy
lcyc
lope
ntan
em
-Eth
ylto
luen
en-
Buta
nen-
Deca
nen-
Dode
cane
n-He
ptan
en-
Hexa
nen-
Non
ane
n-O
ctan
en-
Pent
ane
n-Pr
opyl
benz
ene
n-Un
deca
neo-
Ethy
ltolu
ene
o-Xy
lene
p-Di
ethy
lben
zene
p-Et
hylto
luen
eSt
yren
eTe
trac
hlor
oeth
ylen
eTo
luen
eTr
ichl
oroe
thyl
ene
ANDORA 1L SAWN LK 16-30-91-12 PROS Sawn Lake - Bluesky-Gething 37 ND ## ## ## 93 ## ## ## ND ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ## 60 ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## 51 ## ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ND ## ND 42 ND ND ## NDBAYTEX 13D HZ BEAVRDM 13-9-62-3 CLOS Beaverdam - Grand Rapids ND ND ## ## ## 16 ND ## ## ND ND 3 18 12 ND 14 ND ND ND ND 14 ## ## ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ## ND ND ND ## ## ND ## ## ND ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ## NDBAYTEX N317 KIMIWAN 1-29-79-20 PROS Reno - Bluesky-Gething ND ND ## 91 ## ND ## ## ## ND ND ND ND ND 9 ## 13 ND 4 ND 59 ## 77 ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ND ## ## ## 93 ND ND ## NDCVE FCCL E12W04 FISHER 3-17-70-3 ABOS Foster Creek - Wabiskaw-McMurray ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ## 13 ND ND 29 ## ## ## 31 ## 17 ND 14 ## ## ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ## ND ND ND ## ## ND ## ## ND ## 66 ND ## ND ## ND ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ## ## ## ND 82 ## 98 ## 30 ## ND ND ## NDECA HZ LA GLACE 4-29-74-7 Gordondale Type LaGlace - Nordegg ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## 3 ND ND ND ND ND 1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ND ## ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ## NDMURPHY 16-31HZ S280 SEAL 16-32-82-14 PROS Seal Lake - Bluesky-Gething ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ND ND ND ND ND 16 ND 25 ND 2 2 16 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ND ND ## ## ND ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMURPHY SEAL 12-17-82-13 PROS Seal Lake - Pekisko ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ND 1 ND ND 4 ND ND 4 ND ND 38 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDPENN WEST HZ PEACE RVR 2-1-83-18 PROS Walrus - Bluesky-Gething ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ND ND ND 2 ND 6 5 3 ND 1 1 2 ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ND ## ND ## ND ND ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ## NDSCL HZ S343 CLIFFD 16-26-84-17 PROS Three Creeks - Bluesky-Gething ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ND 1 ND 16 ND 48 ## 14 29 ND 25 7 98 60 ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ND 87 ## ND ND 70 ND ND ND ND ND ## ## 55 ## ND ND ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ## ND 49 ND ND ## NDVH1 ALEXIS 8-35-55-5 Exshaw Type St.Anne - Banff ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## 6 ## ND ND ND 33 ND ## ND 28 9 60 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ## ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ND ## ND ND ## ## ND ## ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ## ND
C1-C4 Inert RSC VOC
Units ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
ppbv
25-Flash Gas Data Method Detection Limit 8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
28.
392
8.39
2
Odour Threshold* 120
170
230
360
140
100
670
2000
042
045
0094
011
042
070
0015
0084
089
0042
000
3.6
2700
210
4600
3800
2500
520
870
170
1300
48 2600
08.
470 24 44
017
021
015
017
0018 1E
+06
620
110
670
1500
2200
1700
1400
3.8
870
74 380
0.39
8.3
35 770
330
3900
Group
Well Name Area - Fm 1,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
ne1,
3,5-
Trim
ethy
lben
zene
1,3-
Buta
dien
e1-
Bute
ne1-
Hex
ene
1-Pe
nten
e2,
2,4-
Trim
ethy
lpen
tane
2,2-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lpen
tane
2,4-
Dim
ethy
lpen
tane
2-M
ethy
lhep
tane
2-M
ethy
lhex
ane
2-M
ethy
lpen
tane
3-M
ethy
lhep
tane
3-M
ethy
lhex
ane
3-M
ethy
lpen
tane
Acet
one
Acro
lein
Benz
ene
Carb
on d
isulfi
deCa
rbon
tetr
achl
orid
eCh
loro
form
Cycl
ohex
ane
Etha
nol
Ethy
l ace
tate
Ethy
lben
zene
Isop
enta
neIs
opre
neIs
opro
pyl a
lcoh
olIs
opro
pylb
enze
nem
-Die
thyl
benz
ene
Met
hyl b
utyl
ket
one
Met
hyl e
thyl
ket
one
Met
hyl i
sobu
tyl k
eton
eM
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
eM
ethy
lcyc
lohe
xane
Met
hylc
yclo
pent
ane
m-E
thyl
tolu
ene
n-Bu
tane
n-De
cane
n-Do
deca
nen-
Hep
tane
n-H
exan
en-
Non
ane
n-O
ctan
en-
Pent
ane
n-Pr
opyl
benz
ene
n-U
ndec
ane
o-Et
hylto
luen
eo-
Xyle
nep-
Diet
hylb
enze
nep-
Ethy
ltolu
ene
Styr
ene
Tetr
achl
oroe
thyl
ene
Tolu
ene
Tric
hlor
oeth
ylen
e
ANDORA 1L SAWN LK 16-30-91-12 PROS Sawn Lake - Bluesky-Gething nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ## ## nd nd ## ## ## nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ## ## nd ## nd nd ## ## nd ## ## nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ## ndBAYTEX 13D HZ BEAVRDM 13-9-62-3 CLOS Beaverdam - Grand Rapids ## ## nd nd nd ## nd ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## nd ## nd nd ## ndBAYTEX N317 KIMIWAN 1-29-79-20 PROS Reno - Bluesky-Gething ## ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## ## ## nd ## ## nd nd ## ## ## ## ## nd ## nd nd ## ndCVE FCCL E12W04 FISHER 3-17-70-3 ABOS Foster Creek - Wabiskaw-McMurray nd nd nd ## nd ## nd ## ## nd nd ## ## ## nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ## ## nd ## nd nd ## ## nd ## ## nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ## ndECA HZ LA GLACE 4-29-74-7 Gordondale Type LaGlace - Nordegg ## ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## nd ## nd nd ## ndMURPHY 16-31HZ S280 SEAL 16-32-82-14 PROS Seal Lake - Bluesky-Gething ## ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## nd nd ## ## ## ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd nd nd ## ndMURPHY SEAL 12-17-82-13 PROS Seal Lake - Pekisko ## ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## nd nd ## ## nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## ## nd 49 ## nd ## nd nd ## ndPENN WEST HZ PEACE RVR 2-1-83-18 PROS Walrus - Bluesky-Gething ## ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## ## ## nd ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## nd ## nd nd ## ndSCL HZ S343 CLIFFD 16-26-84-17 PROS Three Creeks - Bluesky-Gething ## ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ## ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd ## nd nd ## ## nd nd ## nd nd nd nd nd ## ## ## ## ## nd ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ## ND ND ## NDVH1 ALEXIS 8-35-55-5 Exshaw Type St.Anne - Banff ## ## ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ## ND ND ## ## ND ND ## ND ND ND ND ND ## ## ## ## ## ND ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ND ## ND ND ## ND
VOC
Column Label Label DescriptionWell Name Well name as indicated on the well license
Area - Fm Geographic area of the producing well, followed by the producing stratigraphic unit
Units Unit of measure of reported data
Method Detection Limit
The lowest concentration at which the compound can be distinguised from being absent, measured in the units listed in the “Units” column
Odour Threshold The lowest concentration at which a compound may be detected by olfactory receptors and become odorous
Group The related series of compounds with which the substance was analyzed.
OL Odourless
RSC Reduced sulphur compound
TSA Reduced sulphur compound from trace sulphur analysis
VOC Volatile organic compound
Colour Ramp Colour DescriptionOdourless or Below Odour Threshold
Not Detected
Above Known Odour Threshold (<10x)
Above Known Odour Threshold (10-100x)
Above Known Odour Threshold (100-1000x)
Above Known Odour Threshold (>1000x)
*Odour threshold is below detection limits**Odour thresholds are for single-bonded (alkane) hydrocarbons only
Legend for the gas test results. Table 2. Casing gas results exceeding odour thresholds for C1-C7 hydrocarbons, inert gases, and RSCs.
Table 3. 25-flash gas results exceeding odour thresholds for C1-C7 hydrocarbons, inert gases, and RSCs.
Table 4. 80-flash gas results exceeding odour thresholds for C1-C7 hydrocarbons, inert gases, and RSCs.
Table 6. 25-flash gas results exceeding odour thresholds for VOCs.Table 5. Casing gas results exceeding odour thresholds for C1-C4 hydrocarbons, inert gases, RSCs, and VOCs.