use cases and application scenarios for independent living applications

LST-UPM D2.1.1

Open architecture for Accessible Services Integration and Standardization - G.A. 215754

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OASIS – Open architecture for Accessible Services Integration and Standardization

GRANT AGREEMENT # 215754

Use Cases and application scenarios for independent living applications

Deliverable No. D2.1.1

SubProject No. SP2 SubProject Title Independent living applications

Workpackage No. WP2.1 Workpackage Title Benchmarking, application scenarios and use cases on Elderly independent living

Activity No. A2.1.1-A2.1.3 Activity Title Technological Benchmarking on Independent Living applications

User experience modelling

Use Cases and application scenarios

Authors (per company, if more than one company provide it together)

Silvio Bonfiglio (PHILIPS), Evangelos Bekiaris, Mary Panou(CERTH/HIT), Mª Pilar Sala, Juan Bautista Mocholí Agües (ITACA), María García Robledo (SIEMENS), Karel Van Isacker (MCA), Mª Fernanda Cabrera, Viveca Jiménez Mixco (LST-UPM), Cristina de la Maza (INNOVALIA), Benjamin Staehli (Conncept-Swiss)

Status (F: final; D: draft; RD: revised draft):

F

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File Name: OASIS Deliverable D2_1_1.doc

Project start date and duration 01 January 2008, 48 Months

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Document History

Version Date Comments Author

1.0 24.09.08 Use cases descriptions ITACA, PHILIPS, SIEMENS, CONNCEPT SWISS, INNOVALIA, LST-UPM, CERTH/HIT

1.1 02.10.08 Review and comments MCA

1.2 05.11.08 New use cases definitions. Comments to the previous version added

LST-UPM

1.3 29.12.08 Use cases descriptions and UMLs diagrams

ITACA, PHILIPS, SIEMENS, INNOVALIA, LST-UPM, CERTH/HIT

1.3 30.12.08 Section “Overview of the SP2 UCs in terms of users interests added”

LST-UPM

1.4 23.01.09 Review and comments MCA

1.5 01.02.09 Draft version of D2.1.1 LST-UPM

2.0 05.03.09 Results from Local User Forums added.

MCA, LST-UPM

3.0 31.03.09 Final version (after peer review) LST-UPM

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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 12

1.- INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 13

2.- BENCHMARKING ............................................................................................. 14

2.1.- Methodology .................................................................................................. 14

2.2.- Structure of the database .............................................................................. 15

2.3.- Search ........................................................................................................... 16

2.4.- Results ........................................................................................................... 17

3.- USER MODELLING .......................................................................................... 18

3.1.- Independent Living applications survey ........................................................ 19

3.1.1.- Age, gender, education and other information on the participants ....... 19

3.1.2.- Interviews to the primary users, the elderly .......................................... 20

3.1.2.1.- Attitude towards ageing .................................................................... 20

3.1.2.2.- Familiarity with technology ............................................................... 21

3.1.2.3.- Social networking.............................................................................. 22

3.1.2.4.- Health and wellbeing ........................................................................ 24

3.1.2.5.- Interaction with in the home environment ......................................... 28

3.1.2.6.- Working environment ........................................................................ 29

3.1.2.7.- Continuous learning .......................................................................... 31

3.1.3.- Interviews to the caregivers .................................................................. 31

3.1.3.1.- Attitude of the elderly towards the ageing ........................................ 32

3.1.3.2.- The role of ICT .................................................................................. 34

3.1.3.3.- The elderly and work ........................................................................ 38

3.1.3.4.- The “ageing population problem” and the Institutions ...................... 39

3.2.- Summary of User requirements .................................................................... 40

4.- OVERVIEW OF SP2 UCS IN TERMS OF USERS INTERESTS ...................... 42

5.- SP2 USE CASES AND APPLICATION SCENARIOS ..................................... 49

5.1.- Use Cases definitions .................................................................................... 49

5.2.- Methodology .................................................................................................. 50

5.3.- Use cases prioritization ................................................................................. 50

5.4.- Use Cases clustering ..................................................................................... 51

5.5.- Use cases generic diagrams ......................................................................... 54

5.6.- Use Cases analytical descriptions ................................................................. 59

5.6.1.- Category 1: Nutritional advisor ............................................................. 59

5.6.1.1.- Nutritional profile definition & personalization .................................. 59

SP2-1. Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info explicitly .................. 59

SP2-2. Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info implicitly .................. 61

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SP2-3. Managing questionnaires ................................................................ 62

5.6.1.2.- Nutritional Plan builder ..................................................................... 64

SP2-4. Create a nutritional plan .................................................................. 64

SP2-5. Edit a nutritional plan ...................................................................... 66

SP2-6. Accessing to the nutritional plan ..................................................... 68

5.6.1.3.- Nutritional Empowerment & assessment ......................................... 70

SP2-7. Nutritional coaching ........................................................................ 70

SP2-8. Manage Messages.......................................................................... 72

5.6.1.4.- Shopping and cooking assistant ....................................................... 74

SP2-9. Generating the Shopping list .......................................................... 74

SP2-10. Accessing to the Shopping List ..................................................... 75

SP2-11. Going shopping – 1 buying by himself .......................................... 77

SP2-12. Going shopping – 2 buying via e-commerce ................................ 79

SP2-13. Going shopping – 3 an assistant buys .......................................... 81

SP2-14. Updating the shopping list ............................................................ 82

SP2-15. Guide to cook a recipe .................................................................. 84

5.6.2.- Category 2: Activity Coach ................................................................... 85

5.6.2.1.- Activity monitoring multisensory system ........................................... 85

SP2-16. Activity monitoring from sensors ................................................... 85

5.6.2.2.- Activity characterization .................................................................... 88

SP2-17. Recognition of movements ........................................................... 88

SP2-18. Characterization of the activity ...................................................... 90

5.6.2.3.- Activity Management ........................................................................ 92

SP2-19. Consultation of the user activity profile ......................................... 92

SP2-20. Characterization of user status ..................................................... 95

SP2-21. Exercising for overall wellbeing and better quality of life .............. 97

SP2-22. Coaching/training for diabetes and/or CVD ................................ 102

5.6.2.4.- Rehabilitation support system ........................................................ 107

SP2-23. Monitorisation of physical exercise ............................................. 107

SP2-24. Coaching for rehabilitation .......................................................... 109

5.6.2.5.- Fall and other accidents detection .................................................. 113

SP2-25. Fall prevention and detection ...................................................... 113

SP2-26. Feedback to the user .................................................................. 117

SP2-27. Feedback to the medical centre .................................................. 118

SP2-28. Warning ....................................................................................... 120

5.6.3.- Category 3: Brain and skills trainer ..................................................... 123

5.6.3.1.- Specific cognitive training exercises and activities ......................... 123

SP2-29. Memory and mental exercises .................................................... 123

SP2-30. Training plan ............................................................................... 127

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5.6.3.2.- Stress Management exercises ....................................................... 129

SP2-31. Measurement of stress level ....................................................... 129

SP2-32. Stress reduction exercises .......................................................... 132

SP2-33. Education for stress management .............................................. 134

5.6.3.3.- Daily activities simulation ................................................................ 136

SP2-34. Improving skills in daily activities (preparing the meal shopping, transport and buying tickets) ................................................................................. 136

SP2-35. Training reminder ........................................................................ 139

5.6.4.- Category 4: Social communities platform ........................................... 141

5.6.4.1.- Enhanced Web Experience ............................................................ 141

SP2-36. Experience and competence sharing ......................................... 141

SP2-37. Feeling secure (Collective security feeling) ................................ 143

5.6.4.2.- Collaborative Web Experience ....................................................... 145

SP2-38. Personal behaviour extraction .................................................... 145

SP2-39. Matching behaviour..................................................................... 147

SP2-40. Alarm in case of no match or strange behavioural pattern ......... 149

5.6.4.3.- E-learning and Infotainment Environments .................................... 151

SP2-41. Connected family and friends ..................................................... 151

SP2-42. Travelling partner ........................................................................ 153

5.6.4.4.- Recreation for the elderly ............................................................... 155

SP2-43. Leisure and social activity co-creation ........................................ 155

5.6.5.- Category 5: Health monitoring ............................................................ 159

5.6.5.1.- Health profile definition and personalisation ................................... 159

SP2-44. Create the health profile implicitly ............................................... 159

SP2-45. Create the health profile explicitly ............................................... 161

SP2-46. Health profile input by the medical doctor .................................. 163

5.6.5.2.- Health remote monitoring ............................................................... 165

SP2-47. Recording activity........................................................................ 165

SP2-48. Vital signs monitoring (body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure…) .......................................................................................... 167

5.6.5.3.- Health Coach .................................................................................. 169

SP2-49. Your physician on line ................................................................. 169

SP2-50. Medication manager ................................................................... 172

SP2-51. On demand information service .................................................. 174

SP2-52. Health coach ............................................................................... 176

SP2-53. Planning activity .......................................................................... 178

5.6.5.4.- Alerting and assisting applications ................................................. 180

SP2-54. Alerting and assisting the user .................................................... 180

SP2-55. Alerting the medical doctor ......................................................... 183

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SP2-56. Alerting the relatives ................................................................... 185

5.6.6.- Category 6: Environmental control ..................................................... 187

5.6.6.1.- In-door user localisation ................................................................. 187

SP2-57. Automatically detect the user in the house and his/her exact position 187

5.6.6.2.- Environmental control applications ................................................. 190

SP2-58. Check the status of home appliances ......................................... 190

SP2-59. Change the status of home appliances ...................................... 191

5.6.6.3.- Intelligent home Management ........................................................ 193

SP2-60. Monitoring and automatically change of the status of home devices 193

5.6.7.- Cross SP use cases............................................................................ 196

6.- USER FORUMS .............................................................................................. 197

6.1.- Methodology ................................................................................................ 197

6.2.- User forum feedback ................................................................................... 198

6.2.1.- Belgium ............................................................................................... 198

6.2.1.1.- Nutritional Advisor........................................................................... 198

6.2.1.2.- Activity Coach ................................................................................. 198

6.2.1.3.- Brain and skills trainer .................................................................... 199

6.2.1.4.- Social Communities Platform ......................................................... 199

6.2.1.5.- Health Monitoring............................................................................ 200

6.2.1.6.- Environmental Control .................................................................... 200

6.2.2.- Comparative results from local user forums ....................................... 201

6.2.2.1.- Nutritional Advisor........................................................................... 201

6.2.2.2.- Activity coach .................................................................................. 202

6.2.2.3.- Brain and skills trainer .................................................................... 202

6.2.2.4.- Social communities platform ........................................................... 203

6.2.2.5.- Health monitoring............................................................................ 203

6.2.2.6.- Environmental control ..................................................................... 204

6.2.3.- Conclusions ........................................................................................ 205

7.- CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 206

8.- REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 207

ANNEX 1: BENCHMARKING TEMPLATE ................................................................ 208

ANNEX 2: DATABASE MANUAL .............................................................................. 213

ANNEX 3: SP2 UCS TEMPLATE ............................................................................... 214

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List of figures

Figure 1. Structure of OASIS database ............................................................... 15

Figure 2. Database entry form- selection of Area ................................................ 16

Figure 3. Distribution of entries per type and per domain .................................... 17

Figure 4. Age of the interviewed elderly ............................................................... 19

Figure 5. Education level ...................................................................................... 19

Figure 6. Marital status ......................................................................................... 20

Figure 7. Approach towards ageing ..................................................................... 20

Figure 8. Approach to ageing per country of origin .............................................. 21

Figure 9. Use of main ICT devices/applications per country .............................. 21

Figure 10. Problems in using the PC ..................................................................... 22

Figure 11. Loneliness perception in the elderly (per country) ................................ 22

Figure 12. Elderly and socialization (per country) .................................................. 23

Figure 13. “Virtual community” experience (per country) ....................................... 23

Figure 14. Elderly and the perception of their physical status ............................... 24

Figure 15. Elderly and the perception of their mental status ................................. 24

Figure 16. Concern for the worsening of the health status (per country) ............. 25

Figure 17. Check of the blood pressure (per country) ........................................... 25

Figure 18. Check of the body’s weight (per country) ............................................. 26

Figure 19. Frequency in visiting the family doctor (per country) ............................ 26

Figure 20. Health and lifestyle (opinions of the elderly per country) ...................... 27

Figure 21. Physical exercises per country ............................................................. 27

Figure 22. Willingness to subscribe health-related services per country ............... 28

Figure 23. The interaction with the domestic environment .................................... 28

Figure 24. Interviewed elderly still working (per country) ...................................... 29

Figure 25. Interviewed older adults willing to continue to work (per country) ........ 29

Figure 26. Interest in tele-working (per country) .................................................... 30

Figure 27. Interest to a “on-line collaborative project” (per country) ...................... 30

Figure 28. Interest to remote learning per country ................................................. 31

Figure 29. Preferred disciplines (per country) ........................................................ 31

Figure 30. Interviewed caregivers per country ....................................................... 32

Figure 31. Top six concerns for the elderly (per country) ...................................... 33

Figure 32. Approach to the ageing (per country) ................................................... 33

Figure 33. Approach to the ageing (per country) ................................................... 34

Figure 34. Where ICT can help (answers per country) .......................................... 35

Figure 35. Main concerns of the elderly and ICT effectiveness ............................. 35

Figure 36. Impact of ICT per country ..................................................................... 36

Figure 37. Impact of ICT per country ..................................................................... 36

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Figure 38. Top 6 ICT services (per country) .......................................................... 37

Figure 39. Top six barriers in the uses of ICT by elderly ....................................... 38

Figure 40. Elderly and work (per country) .............................................................. 39

Figure 41. User needs ............................................................................................ 40

Figure 42. A model of segmentation of the older population ................................. 41

Figure 43. Nutritional Advisor generic Representation Diagram ............................ 55

Figure 44. Activity Coach generic Representation Diagram .................................. 56

Figure 45. Brain and Skills Trainer generic Representation Diagram.................... 56

Figure 46. Social Communities Platform generic Representation Diagram .......... 57

Figure 47. Health monitoring generic Representation Diagram ............................. 57

Figure 48. Environmental Control generic Representation Diagram ..................... 58

Figure 49. SP2-1 Representation diagram ............................................................ 60

Figure 50. SP2-2 Representation Diagram ............................................................ 62








Figure 58. SP2-10 Representation Diagram .......................................................... 77











Figure 69. SP2-21 Representation Diagram ........................................................ 102








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Figure 100. SP2-52 Representation Diagram ...................................................... 178









Figure 109. Nutrional advisor - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium .......................... 198

Figure 110. Activity coach - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium ............................... 199

Figure 111. Brain and skills trainer- User Forum, Brussels, Belgium .................. 199

Figure 112. Social communities platform - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium ........ 200

Figure 113. Health monitoring - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium ......................... 200

Figure 114. Environmental control - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium .................. 201

Figure 115. Nutrional advisor - User Forums, Consolidated results .................... 202

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Figure 116. Activity coach - User Forums, Consolidated results ......................... 202

Figure 117. Brain and skills trainer - User Forums, Consolidated results ............ 203

Figure 118. Social communities platform - User Forums, Consolidated results .. 203

Figure 119. Health monitoring - User Forums, Consolidated results ................... 204

Figure 120. Environmental control - User Forums, Consolidated results ............ 204

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The overall aim of OASIS project is to develop an open and innovative reference architecture, based upon ontologies and semantic services, that will allow plug and play and cost-effective interconnection of existing and new services in all domains required for the independent and autonomous living of the elderly and their quality of life enhancement. More specifically, OASIS will develop a set of services oriented to maintain the independence of the ageing persons by means of sharing of a common living context.

This document presents the definition of relevant scenarios and use cases (UCs) for the Independent Living Applications (ILA) in the context of OASIS project. The work has been performed within SP2, more specifically in WP2.1. “Benchmarking, application scenarios and use cases on Elderly independent living”. The methodology followed to extract and define the use cases is based on the global User-Centred Design concept used for the whole project and defined in SP5. The different steps of the methodology are similar to the ones used in SP3 for defining use cases for “Autonomous Mobility and Smart Workplaces applications”, but with the necessary changes and alignments due to the differences between the application areas.

The process for defining use cases has followed several phases. First, a technological benchmarking of the relevant technological systems, projects and services in the domain of Independent Living has been conducted. Then, for the user modelling phase, a set of interviews has been carried out in five European countries in order to extract users needs and preferences. The result of these interviews has been the basis for the definition of the initial use cases. Then, different user forums have been held in 7 countries to get feedback from users and evaluate the preliminary defined use cases.

As result of the whole process, 60 final use cases have been defined for the area of Independent Living Applications, as well as 3 cross-SP use cases, which relate SP2 use cases (“Independent Living Applications”) with SP3 ones (“Autonomous mobility and Smart Workplaces Applications”). The ILA use cases have been clustered in categories according to the 6 domains covered (Nutritional Advisor, Activity Coach, Brain and Skills trainer, Social Communities Platform, Health monitoring and Environmental Control) and prioritized based on a three level scale (essential, secondary, and supportive). These UCs will be the basis for further developments and pilots deployments within the project.

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1.- INTRODUCTION

OASIS Subproject 2 (SP2) is focused on the development of services oriented to maintain the independence of the ageing persons by means of sharing of a common living context. This document focus on the work performed in WP2.1. “Benchmarking, application scenarios and use cases on Elderly independent living”, in which relevant scenarios and use cases for independent living applications have been defined. The document is structured as follows:

• Chapter 1 is an introduction that locates this documentation in the context of OASIS and summarizes the scope of the work.

• Chapter 2 presents the OASIS on-line database, which contains information on state of the art systems, projects and services in the area of Independent Living Applications.

• Chapter 3 summarizes the methodology and the results obtained from the interviews that took place in 5 countries in order to extract preliminary user requirements.

• Chapter 4 gives an overview on the use cases in term of user interests, based on the results from the interviews (Chapter 2).

• Chapter 5 is a detailed description of the Use Cases and application scenarios.

• Chapter 6 describes the results of the local user forums carried out in 7 countries in order to get feedback from users on the use cases and scenarios.

• Chapter 7 summarizes the conclusions, and chapter 8 includes the references used in the deliverable.

• Annex 1 presents the Database template.

• Annex 2 provides the database manual.

• Annex 3 presents the UCs template.

The process for defining use cases and application scenarios has followed the same steps in Subprojects 2 and 3, both for the Independent Living Applications and Autonomous mobility and Smart Workplaces Applications. Therefore, the reader will find similarities between this document and Deliverable D3.1.1. “Use cases and application scenarios for mobility and smart workplaces”. Some information has been considered significant enough to be included in both documents, in order to facilitate reading.

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2.- BENCHMARKING

This section presents the Technological benchmarking on Independent Living Applications that has been performed within OASIS. A thorough investigation was carried out on the relevant technological aids, systems and services able to support independent living, as well as the lack or existence of relevant ontologies in the different domains. A similar benchmarking was conducted in parallel in the Autonomous Mobility and Smart Workplaces area, and a common template was defined including all the relevant information for both surveys.

As result, an online database has been implemented to facilitate the compilation of information and analysis of all the identified Products, Services and Research Projects in the area of Independent Living Applications that are appropriate for elderly people. The database interface was implementedd in MS SQL Server 2005. It can be accessed through the project web site (www.oasis-project.eu), and it can be considered as an active tool, where the user is able not only to search on-line for entities that he is interested in, but also to insert new ones. In other words, the “edit” and “search” functions are supported.

The database does not require installation of specific software on the computer of the user, which increases significantly both its accessibility and the usability. While in order to add, edit or delete an entry, a specific username and password is needed, the database contents are public and can be viewed by all, without the need of access codes.

The methodology used to define the template and the implementation of the database, as well as a summary of the findings per ILA area is detailed below.

2.1.- Methodology

The objective of the benchmarking was to perform a desktop research on products/solutions, services and research projects aiming at offering independent living applications to elderly, or that could be applied to address elderly needs. The aim was to define the context framework in which the UCs of OASIS Independent Living Applications would be specified.

The first step was to create a template in order to determine the most relevant information needed. The template is included at the end of this deliverable (see Annex 1).

Based on the template, the structure of a common database was defined. This database was implemented as an online tool to help with the gathering of information, and will be kept online for quick reference and continuous update.

There are 3 main areas and more sub-areas defined, based on which results are clustered. These areas cover all the main development workpackages of OASIS (i.e. the WPs where innovative systems are to be developed). These areas are listed below:

- User monitoring

• Activity monitoring (WP2.3)

• Health remote monitoring (WP2.6)

- Assistive applications

• Home automation (WP2.7)

• Personal sustaining program (e.g. memory trainer, etc.) (WP2.2, WP2.4)

• Support @ work (WP3.5)

• Leisure and social events (WP2.5, WP3.4)

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- Mobility support

• Travel information services (WP3.2, WP3.4)

• Route guidance (WP3.3, WP3.4)

• Driver support services (WP3.4)

- Other (define categories and sub-categories if a database entry is not covered by the above areas)

For each entry, several data files are included, such as description, technical specifications, product and manufacturer name, indicative cost, technical limitations, specification of ontology communication interface, end-user category, etc.

The database contains also some fields with business and market issues questions, such as ‘Which companies could benefit from the technology/product/service/R&D-Projects?’, ‘Who could be the possible end users from the technology/ product/ service/ R&D-Projects?’, etc..

2.2.- Structure of the database

The database, as explained before, has been implemented as an online tool to help with the gathering of information. It was designed in order to include also information about the existing ontologies, thus covering also WP1.1. The template is divided in 3 areas: products, services and research results. Most fields are common for these 3 categories, but there are also some different fields for each. In addition, certain areas are defined, according to the services offered by the project, which are common for the 3 categories. Finally, the search options (by which the users can search the content of the database) are provided.

The following figure shows the structure of the database.

Figure 1. Structure of OASIS database

According to the figure above, the database consists of five main tables, i.e.:

- User table (restricted): list of users details plus each username and password.

- General Questions table (public): table where the answers of the general questions form are stored.

- Products table (public): table where the answers of the products form are stored.

- Services table (public): table where the answers of the services form are stored.

- Research Results table (public): table where the answers of the research Results form are stored.

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2.3.- Search

A user can search the database according to the following criteria, common for all 3 categories:

- Keyword

- Name of product/service/project

- Area

- Manufacturer

- End-user category (drop-down list):

• Elderly

• Family members

• Formal care givers

- Types of aging-related problems covered (e.g. visual, physical, cognitive)

- Ontology existing (Yes/No)

- View all

The following figure is a screenshot of the database entry form where the user is required to select one of the defined areas:

Figure 2. Database entry form- selection of Area

More screenshots are included in Annex 2, where the manual for using the database is

provided.

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2.4.- Results

As a result of this activity, a total of 121 entries have been inserted in the database related to the different IL domains, out of which 58 correspond to products, 15 to services and

48 to research projects.

Figure 3. Distribution of entries per type and per domain

The detailed results can be found in OASIS IR 2.1.1.Technological Benchmarking on Independent Living Applications. [1]

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3.- USER MODELLING

In order to model the users’ experience and define their needs and preferences, two surveys were conducted among elderly and caregivers in five European countries (Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Romania and Spain) in the context of task A2.1.2. The surveys were related to the approach of older adults towards ageing. More specifically:

- how the older adults deal with the ageing process, - the familiarity and the perception they have about technology, - Their desires and needs with regard to services helping them to maintain

independent living.

The involved people cover a wide spectrum of primary and secondary users (elders and carers respectively) by including older adults living both in sheltered homes and at their homes (alone, in pair or with relatives) and carers with various responsibilities and roles.

In Bulgaria the interviews were carried out with a total of 35 participants (25 elders and 10 carers) in the elderly care house in Glavinitza village –Pazardzhik-, the daily care home for elderly people in Plovdiv and Sliven and people who live alone in Plovdiv, Sliven and Panagiurishte.

In Germany, elderly living alone were interviewed in large cities (Berlin, Dusseldorf) and in

small towns in eastern Germany (Chemnitz and other towns and villages in the Rhein/Main

area such as Aschaffenburg and Hochheim). Elderly living in elderly homes and carers were

interviewed at the Westpfalz-Klinikum Seniorenresidenz in Kaiserslautern. A total of 89

interviews were carried out (50 elders and 39 carers).

In Italy 106 persons (84 elders and 23 carers) were interviewed. The interviews to the elderly

living alone were carried out in Buscate, a small town near Milan, and in Florence. All the

elderly living in sheltered homes were interviewed at the Elderly Care Home “Il Nuovo

Focolare”, located in Milan.

In Romania 20 people (10 elders and 10 carers) were interviewed in Bucharest and Calarasi, a small city located 100 Km far from Bucharest.

Finally, in Spain, 116 interviews (88 elders and 28 carers) were carried out in the area of Valencia, Madrid, Leon and Bilbao.

The participation to the survey was on a voluntary basis; the contacted persons were informated about the purposes of the survey and the high level of confidentiality ensured with regard to the information received from the interviewed people. All the respondents signed a “consensus declaration”.

This section gives an overview of the results obtained from all the interviews through a comparative study. Additional data can be found in the correspondent report, OASIS IR2.1.2 Preliminary set of user requirements [2].

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3.1.- Independent Living applications survey

3.1.1.- Age, gender, education and other information on the participants

A good mix in the age of the interviewed elderly was achieved: 33 % of “young elderly” (55-65 years old), 37% of elderly (66 to 75 years) and 30% of “old elderly” (76 years and older).

Age of the respondents

33%

37%

29%

1%

55 to 65 years old 66 to 75 75+ over 85

Figure 4. Age of the interviewed elderly

56% of the elderly were female and 44% male; the percentage of women was higher among the elderly living in sheltered homes (64%) and was balanced by a lower percentage among the elderly living alone (50%).

A good mix was also achieved in terms of education level: 45% of the elderly had a primary school degree, 28% a secondary school degree and 27% an university degree.

Education level

45%

28%

27%

Primary school Secondary school University

Figure 5. Education level

Less than 20% of the participants were affected by some kind of significant disability; the percentage was larger among the elderly living in sheltered homes (33%). Only 13% of the interviewed persons were still working (10% still on a full time basis).

With regard to marital status, 50% of the elderly was married (of them 78% were living at their home together with the wife or the husband), 38% widowed and 12% was divorced or single.

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Marital status

50%

38%

7%5%

Married Widowed Divorced Single

Figure 6. Marital status

3.1.2.- Interviews to the primary users, the elderly

3.1.2.1.- Attitude towards ageing

Generally, the interviewed elderly showed a “positive” approach to ageing: More than 80% of them feel reasonably well and they see some positive aspects in ageing: more time to take care of themselves (61%), new interests (54%), and more time to read (71%). More than 50% of them like to stay active; 60% of them disagree on the statement that “after having done a lot during the life, it is now time to have a rest”.

8261 54

71

40

0

20

40

60

80

100

I feel

reasonablywell

Now I can

take care ofmyself

I have a lot of

interest

Now I have

time to readand to learn

Now it is time

to have arest

Level of agreement in %

Figure 7. Approach towards ageing

LST-UPM D2.1.1


21

12

88

58

80

20

8085 84

72

100

54

64

54

12

90

0

20

40

60

80

100

I have a lot of interest I feel reasonably well It is not the time to rest

Percentage of respondents in agreement

Germany Spain Italy Bulgaria Romania

Figure 8. Approach to ageing per country of origin

3.1.2.2.- Familiarity with technology

We listed a series of ICT devices and asked the older adults to indicate their level of familiarity with these devices; obviously – as we expected – television, radio and fixed phone were the most popular ones.

The percentage of the interviewed elderly using the mobile phone was surprising:in total 75% with 64% among the elderly living in sheltered homes and 84% among the elderly living alone at home. This finding is certainly encouraging for the introduction of “mobile services” for older adults.

The use of the PC and of Internet appears to be less popular: a. The personal computer was used by 35% of the interviewed persons, mainly by those

living at home (49%) rather than by the guests of Elderly Homes (just 16%); b. the average percentage of elderly being capable to use the PC is even higher (44% in

total with a 25% among the elderly living in sheltered homes and a 58% among the elderly living at home);

c. Internet was used by 30% of the elderly (42% among the elderly living alone and 14% among those living in sheltered homes).

The following graph shows the differences per country with regard to the use of the PC, the Internet and the mobile phone:

28

44 40

12

70

22

37 33

4

40 38

9889

56

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Percentage of

respondents

Use of PC / PDA Use of Internet Use of mobile

phone


Figure 9. Use of main ICT devices/applications per country

LST-UPM D2.1.1


22

Obviously, there are some problems that older adults face in using the ICT: the mostly mentioned ones are the fast advance of technology and the continuous introduction of new software releases or new software applications. Complexity in interaction with the PC (graphic user interfaces, keyboard, mouse, small screen) represents another main problem evidenced by the older PC users.

Problems in using the PC10%

6%

18%

6%

30%

3%

11%

6%

10%

Keyboard

mouse

GUIs

no problem with GUIs

Iwould prefere new HCI

methods

new SW appl. complex

new SW appl. are easy

Screen too small

Other

Figure 10. Problems in using the PC

3.1.2.3.- Social networking

The elderly we interviewed showed a good level of Socialization: only 36% feel isolated (this percentage was just 9% among the guests of the elderly homes);87% indicated that they have a lot of friends and enjoy being in touch with them. Figures 11 and 12 show the results per country:

2

98

0

13

87

0

12

86

2

16

84

0

0

100

0

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage


I feel isolated (per country)

Agreement Disagreement No answer

Figure 11. Loneliness perception in the elderly (per country)

LST-UPM D2.1.1


23

82

18

0

94

42

89

110

64

32

4

100

00

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage of

rerspondents


I have a lot of friends (answers per country)

Agreement Disagreement No answer

Figure 12. Elderly and socialization (per country)

Only few people showed a pessimistic and skeptical behavior, as shown by the following examples:“each one is living for himself” (14%), “I do not need to keep relationship with persons other that the few living with me” (28%), “I prefer to have contacts with younger people” (23%) .

For the elderly we interviewed the telephone remains the most common communication tool with friends and relatives; they do it frequently ( 72% of them at least once a week).

People living at home have daily contacts with their neighbors; less frequent are the personal contact with relatives.

In average, 21% of the elderly we interviewed showed an interest in participating through the Internet to a “virtual community”, but another 29% - even if they do not know what this means – indicated their availability to try this new experience.

19

79

2

16

40

43

1

18

56

21

5

32

24

44

0

60

0

40

0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Percentage


Interest in participating to a "virtual community" experience

(per country)

Yes No I do not know, I can try Other

Figure 13. “Virtual community” experience (per country)

LST-UPM D2.1.1


24

3.1.2.4.- Health and wellbeing

In general, the older adults we interviewed feel reasonably well:

- 60% of them have no or small concern about the limitations they have in their

daily life because of their health status; - Only 28% have hearing problems, 36% visual impairments and 42% have a

medium / high concern in being obliged to stay at home, - Approx. 30 to 40% are concerned about their mental status (27% feel confused,

34% start to “forget everything”, 41% admit a cognitive decline, only 19% feel stressed).

60

37

3

70

28

2

63

36

1

55

42

3

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage

Limitation in daily

life

hearing problems visual problems obliged to stay at

home

Concerns of the elderly

No, small concern medium / high concern no answer

Figure 14. Elderly and the perception of their physical status

69

27

4

62

34

4

56

41

3

77

19

4

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage

I feel confused I forget everything Cognitive decline I feel stressed

Concerns of the elderly


Figure 15. Elderly and the perception of their mental status

LST-UPM D2.1.1


25

70

24

6

60

37

3

70

24

6

44

56

0

0

100

0

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage


My health status is worsening


Figure 16. Concern for the worsening of the health status (per country)

The generally satisfactory health status (or at least its perception) is probably the reason of a lack of discipline in regularly checking important physiological parameters such as blood pressure (only 50% do it) and body’s weight (only 34%). In the same way, the elderly we interviewed are not visiting or receiving the visit of their family doctor not on a regular basis (36% of them meet the doctor only when ill).

Differences were found among the various countries where the interviews were carried out :

24

12

64

74

17

9

55

28

17

12

4

84

30

0

70

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage


Frequency in checking blood pressure

Regularly Sometimes Never

Figure 17. Check of the blood pressure (per country)

LST-UPM D2.1.1


26

6

20

54

20

5

35

60

0

11

35

54

0

00

100

0

00

100

0

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage


Frequency in checking the body's weight

Every day Once a week not regularly never

Figure 18. Check of the body’s weight (per country)

8

44

10

38

1

54

21

24

1

20

23

56

0

84

12

4

00

50

50

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage


Frequency in visiting the family doctor

Once a week Once a month 1-2 times a year Only when ill

Figure 19. Frequency in visiting the family doctor (per country)

The large majority (82%) of the people interviewed thinks that healthier habits could enhance wellbeing and prevent complications, but 13% of them recognize the need of training and continuous motivation to keep adherence to healthier lifestyle.

Only 13% of the interviewed elderly feel that health decline is an unavoidable consequence of the ageing and that nothing will modify the degeneration of their own health status.

44% of the interviewed persons are willing to subscribe to an on-line Health Monitoring service, and among them 57% would like to complement it with a Health Coach service.

LST-UPM D2.1.1


27

The persons who were not interested justified their answer with the absence of a specific need (“I hope to stay healthy and active”) or with their poor capability of using PC and Internet.

67% of the elderly we interviewed indicated that they do physical exercise; 33% of them do it at home, 24% of them frequents a gym and 43% does other physical activities such as swimming, bicycling, etc.

27% of the interviewed people showed an interest in subscribing to an on-line Activity Coach Service. The unavailability of a PC and the lack of capability in using the Internet was one of the mostly mentioned problems, together with the preference to keep a physical contact with a trainer and with other persons in a gym.

Only 33% of the interviewed elderly were on a diet; the lack of a variety of foods, the lack of knowledge about the caloric content of each food and the need of a lot of self-discipline were mentioned among the main problems in following a dietary regimen. 41% of the persons indicated their interest in subscribing to a Nutritional Coach on line service.

The following figures give an overview of the attitude of the older adults towards health in relation to their country of origin.

Once again – given the reduced sample – it is hard to derive general conclusions from the reported data.

70

0

72

14

70

10

64

32

40

60

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percentage


Healthier lifestyle prevents complications

Yes, I'm convinced Yes but I need to be motivated and trained

Figure 20. Health and lifestyle (opinions of the elderly per country)

50 47

83

41

63

19

60

2420 20

Gemany Spain Italy Bulgaria Romania

Percentage

Elderly doing physical exercises and being in diet

(percentage among the interviewed persons)

Doing physical exercises Being in diet

Figure 21. Physical exercises per country

LST-UPM D2.1.1


28

20

48

41

64

100

16

45

22

56

100

13

42

18

32

10

36

55

26

33

80

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percentage of

respondents

Remote monitoring Health Coach Activity Coach Nutritional Coach

Willingness of subscribing an on-line service


Figure 22. Willingness to subscribe health-related services per country

3.1.2.5.- Interaction with in the home environment

All the elderly we interviewed feel safe at home, not only those living in a sheltered home but also the older adults living at their home regardless if alone or with relatives.

Few of them have some worries but – in any case – with a limited influence on their safety-related behaviour. Among these worries:

- the doubt of having left the door and the windows open, - some difficulties in controlling various domestic appliances, - some problems with the TV remote control.

Worries at home

31%

11%

4%30%

20%

1% 3%

Door and windows Heating systemair conditioning system other domestic appliancesTV lightsother

Figure 23. The interaction with the domestic environment

LST-UPM D2.1.1


29

3.1.2.6.- Working environment

In average, only 17% of the interviewed people are still working, and roughly half of them on a full-time basis. This percentage varies depending on the specific country (see figure).

6

94

30

70

14

86

0

100

30

70

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Percentage


Still working

Yes No

Figure 24. Interviewed elderly still working (per country)

Only 20% of the elderly we interviewed showed interest in continue working after retirement or to start again to work even if on a part-time basis.

The negative attitude toward having a job was explained with health problems, other interests, the desire of more freedom, and the belief that - after having worked a lot during life - “it is now time to rest”.

The next figure shows the different answers received depending on the country of origin of the interviewed persons.

15

85

22

78

10

90

33

67

60

40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage


Willing to continue to work

yes no

Figure 25. Interviewed older adults willing to continue to work (per country)

LST-UPM D2.1.1


30

For those with a more positive approach, several reasons justify a continuation of the working activity (regardless of their willingness to continue or not); the reasons mostly mentioned during the interviews were: to feel useful and offer his own experience to the community, to be busy, to establish new relationships.

The benefit of having an additional income was not among the top motivations.

Only 15% of the interviewed persons were interested in tele-working, but 35% indicated an interest to participate to an on-line “collaborative project” experience mainly if related to topics of their interest (economy, sales, administration and accounting, etc.). Differences were found in the different countries.

9

91

16

84

9

91

20

80

60

40

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percentage


Interested to teleworking

YES NO

Figure 26. Interest in tele-working (per country)

15

85

49

51

23

77

48

52

60

40

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percentage


Interest to participate to an on-line "collaborative project"

YES NO

Figure 27. Interest to a “on-line collaborative project” (per country)

With the only exception of Romania, there is a small interest in continuing to work even at home by using teleworking tools. On the contrary, there is a certain interest (again with some exceptions such as Germany and Italy) in participating to a collaborative project. Probably the “socializing” aspect of a collaborative on line activity, the much higher freedom and the limited commitment are the reasons of the preference for being involved – together with other persons - in a project on topics of common interest rather than being forced to a more structured and binding remote work.

LST-UPM D2.1.1


31

3.1.2.7.- Continuous learning

In average, 48% of the elderly we interviewed showed an interest to follow – through the Internet – remote training programs. Use of computer, Travels and Geography, and history were the top 3 preferred disciplines. From a geographical point of view, this interest in continuous learning is common to all the countries, with the only exception of Germany.

Once again the highest levels of acceptance were found in Spain and Romania.

27

73

63

37

40

60

44

56

70

30

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percentage


Interest in on line learning

YES NO

Figure 28. Interest to remote learning per country

3

23

13

26

36

10

160

18

15

3

20

7

13

6

126

22

13

6

15

15

12684

18

20

8

13

10

10

10

130

27

88

19

31

0080

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percentage


Preferred disciplines

Use of the Computer History Foreign Languages Geography, travels

Nature Art Music Literature

Other; please specify:

Figure 29. Preferred disciplines (per country)

3.1.3.- Interviews to the caregivers

The survey - carried out in the same five countries selected for the interviews to the elderly, i.e. Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Romania and Spain – involved carers with various roles (from medical doctors to assistants, nurses, managers of Elderly Care Homes and Elderly Centers, administrative personnel and other).

The following graph and table show the participation in the different countries.

LST-UPM D2.1.1


32

39

4

11

3

1

5

4

13

2

3

1121

1111

3

1011

2

3

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Germany Spain Italy Bulgary Romania

Interviewed caregivers per country (number)

Not specif ied

Driver

Nurse / hospital attendant

Psychologist

Medical Doctor

Administration personnel / cashier

technical support and Technical

Manager

kitchen chef

social initiatives promoter /w orker

General employee / Assistant

Manager of elderly care home

rehabilitation therapist

Figure 30. Interviewed caregivers per country

The interviews were carried out directly by the involved Partners or through third party organizations, and addressed four main areas:

- The attitude of the elderly towards the ageing process, - The impact of ICT technology on ageing, - The elderly and work, - The awareness of the problem and the actions plan of public Institutions.

Several questions were similar to those asked to the elderly; the purpose was to get the perspective of the carers on some key topics.

3.1.3.1.- Attitude of the elderly towards the ageing

According to the carers, the main concerns of the persons entering into or being already in the “elderly age” are related to the perception of a bad health status, physical and mental decline, feeling of being alone, and lack of self-esteem.

As indicated in the following graph, the ranking of the main concerns was slightly different in the various countries where we conducted the survey among the caregivers.

LST-UPM D2.1.1


33

Depression

Lack of hope in the future

Lack of self-esteem; to feel not

useful

Cognitive / mental decline

Being / feeling alone

Physical decline

Being / feeling to be in a bad health

status

RO-

MA-NIA

BUL-

GA-

RIA

ITALYSPAINGER-

MA-NY

1 2 3 4 5 6

TOP SIX CONCERNS FOR THE ELDERLY (per country)

Figure 31. Top six concerns for the elderly (per country)

The carers were less optimistic than the elderly themselves in judging the approach of the older adults towards ageing. According to the carers, only a minority of them has a positive attitude with regard to self-esteem (feeling useful), involvement in the community, desire of being continuously updated on what is happening around them, acceptance of ageing, confidence about the future, and openness to change.

Some differences emerged among the various countries as shown in the following graphs.

Percentage of older adults with a positive approach towards the ageing

43 39 40 3942

27 29 30

5245 46

33

7368

38

58

38 40

83

40

0

20

40

60

80

100

They take care of their

health in a proactive way

They feel useful They keep them

continuously up-to-date

with regards the news

They accept their ageing

Percentage


Figure 32. Approach to the ageing (per country)

LST-UPM D2.1.1


34

Percentage of older adults with a positive approach towards the ageing

3831

242620

2834 34 34

58

40

28

58

2318

0

20

40

60

80

They continue to be involved in

the local community

They feel relatively confident

about the future

The are open to the changes

Percentage


Figure 33. Approach to the ageing (per country)

3.1.3.2.- The role of ICT

According to the carers, ICT can support the ageing process and mitigate the concerns of the elderly; according to the carers, the main areas of intervention are:

- generation of new interests or avoidance of the lack of interests by the older adults,

- avoidance or reduction of loneliness and promotion of a more active involvement in the society,

- slowing down of cognitive / mental decline,

- enhancement of the health status of the elderly or avoidance of the perception of a bad health.

The following graph highlights the differences among the answers collected in the various countries.

Where ICT can help

62

23

28

26

86

29

68

71

91

57

70

74

70

60

80

60

40

0

100

60

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Being and/or feeling

alone

Lack of hope in the future

Depression

Lack of self esteem; to

feel not useful

Percentage of respondents (per country)


LST-UPM D2.1.1


35

Where ICT can help

62

46

41

62

82

71

61

79

87

52

65

78

50

70

60

20

100

100

0

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Lack of interests

Being and/or feeling to

be in a bad health status

Physical decline

Cognitive/mental decline

Percentage of respondents (per country)


Figure 34. Where ICT can help (answers per country)

By combining the data regarding the main concerns for the elderly with those of the figure “Where ICT can help”, we can identify the most effective and useful intervention of ICT solutions and services in supporting the ageing process (see graph in the following figure).

EFFECTIVE-NESS OFICT

LOW HIGHCONCERN OF THE ELDERLY

LOW

HIGH VERY

HIGH

HI

GH

MEDIUM

L

OW

VERY

LOW

VERY LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH

LONELINESSLACK OF INTERESTS

COGNITIVEDECLINE

BADHEALTH

STATUS

DEPRESSION

LACK OF SELFESTEEM

PHYSICALDECLINE

LACK OF HOPEIN THE FUTURE

Figure 35. Main concerns of the elderly and ICT effectiveness

The interviewed persons identified the following new technologies as those with the higher impact in the management of the ageing process and in general in healthcare:

- Assistive ICT technology in general, - Mobile Point of Care, - Sensors technology, - Wireless communications, - Digital hospital and Electronic Medical Record,

LST-UPM D2.1.1


36

- RFID

The following graphs indicate the differences among the countries of origin of the interviewed carers.

70

59

81

57

73

59

88

7073

62

88

61

83

74

96

7065

44

81

57

72 74

88

61

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Wireless

communication

Mobile Point of

Care

Sensors

technology

Assistive ICT

Technology

RFID Digital Hospital

and EMR

Impact of ICT in supporting the ageing process (percentage of "high / very high"

judgements)

Overall Germany Spain Italy

Figure 36. Impact of ICT per country

70

90

100

73

100

7073

80

100

83

100100

65

90

100

72

100

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Wireless

communication

Mobile Point of

Care

Sensors

technology

Assistive ICT

Technology

RFID Digital Hospital

and EMR

Impact of ICT in supporting the ageing process (percentage of "high / very high"

judgements)

Overall Bulgaria Romania

Figure 37. Impact of ICT per country

According to the interviewed caregivers, the Internet is a powerful tool and could support the ageing process of older adults with services specifically designed for them, such as (in order of expected benefits):

- Medication Planner - Health Monitoring - Brain Trainer - E-mail - Internet browsing - Domotics

LST-UPM D2.1.1


37

- Activity Coach - Health Coach - Relaxing, gaming - News - Chatting - Nutritional Coach - Travel Planning - Shopping.

Some differences emerged among the countries (see graph)

NEWS

SHOPPING

ACTIVITY COACH

RELAXING, GAMING

MEDICATION PLANNER

Overall

HEALTH COACH

NUTRITIONAL COACH

E-MAIL

DOMOTICS

INTERNET BROWSING

BRAIN TRAINER

HEALTH MONITORING

RO-

MA-NIA

BUL-

GA-

RIA

ITALYSPAINGER-

MA-NY

1

2

3

4

5

6

Figure 38. Top 6 ICT services (per country)

By considering specifically the services of Remote Health Monitoring and Health Coach, the caregivers we interviewed highlighted the following benefits:

- Timely alerting in case of degenerative episodes - Huge availability of medical data for the Medical Community - Better adherence to keep under control important health indicators - Better adherence to treatments and medications - Reduction in the number of ambulatory visits and hospitalization (prevention) - Enhanced quality-of-life for the elderly - Cost saving in healthcare (through prevention) - Personalization in healthcare - Empowerment of the patients in managing their own health.

All the caregivers we interviewed recognized the existence of barriers in the use of ICT by the older population. Among them, the most frequently mentioned were:

- poor digital literacy of older adults

LST-UPM D2.1.1


38

- poor usability of ICT devices / solutions

- difficulties of the elderly in following the fast and continuous advance of technology

- lack of ICT services specifically addressed and designed for the elderly,

- high cost of the proposed solution

- lack of personalization

- lack of interoperability of the solutions available in the market.

It is interesting to note the low concern about security / privacy; this is contradictory with the general opinion of experts indicating serious concerns about the infringement of the privacy of the users by assistive services and health services requiring the exchange of patients’ data. Moreover, experts think that “full respect for the personal autonomy of a potential ILS (Independent Living Service) user requires that they ensure the right to overrule the service: switch off features should be built in, potential users should be given the choice not to use these services if that is their wish” (see report “User needs in ICT Research for Independent Living, with a focus on health aspects”, issued by the European Commission in 2006).

Some differences were found in the answers received from the various countries, as shown in the following graph where for each country we reported the top 6 barriers to the use of ICT by the elderly.

LACK OF ICT INFRASTRUCTURES

LACK OF STANDARDIZATION AND

INTEROPERABILITY

DIFFICULTIES IN THE INTERACTION WITH

ICT DEVICES

Overall

LACK OF PERSONALIZATION

NOT DESIGNED FOR THE ELDERLY

COST

TOO FAST ADVANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

LACK OF SERVICES FOR THE OLDER

POPULATION

POOR DIGITAL LITERACY OF THE

ELDERLY

RO-

MA-

NIA

BUL-

GA-

RIA

ITALYSPAINGER-

MA-

NY

1

2

3

4

5

6

TOP SIX BARRIERS IN THE USE OF ICT BY ELDERLY

Figure 39. Top six barriers in the uses of ICT by elderly

3.1.3.3.- The elderly and work

The majority of the carers we interviewed (70%) were in favour of the continuation of the working activities by older adults:

33% of them see in any case a positive impact and a way to keep motivated the elderly; another 23% is in favour but under a tight control by the carer to prevent negative effects; and finally,14% are in favour of the extension of the working age but only for no more than 2 hours a day and without a firm commitment by the elderly.

LST-UPM D2.1.1


39

Some differences were found in the answers received from the various countries (see following graph):

Eldery and work (per country)

8 90 0

1218

0

23

27

30

0

23

23 70

35

23

0 0

18

4010

26

6028

18

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%


Pe

rce

nta

ge

No, too stress for them Yes, but for few hours Yes, but under medical control Yes Other

Figure 40. Elderly and work (per country)

3.1.3.4.- The “ageing population problem” and the Institutions

We asked the interviewed carers to give their judgement on the policies that Institutions at various levels (European Community, National Government, Regional Government and Local Institutions) have with regard to the “ageing population problem” in terms of

a. Attention /awareness b. allocated budget c. action plans.

Several of the interviewed persons were unable to judge.

The average picture resulting from the received answers is the following one:

In terms of attention and awareness, the level of the approach was judged of medium or high/very high level of impact by

• 83% of the respondents with regard to the European Commission,

• 57% w.r.t. the National Governments

• 61% w.r.t. the Regional Governments

• 59 % w.r.t. the Local Institutions. In terms of committed budget, the judgement level was medium or high/very high for

• 54 % of the respondents with regard to the EC

• 37 % w.r.t.the National Governments

• 32 % w.r.t. the Regional Governments

• 33% w.r.t. the Local Institutions. In terms of action plans, the judgement of a “medium level of impact” was achieved or exceeded

• by the EC according to 62 % of respondents

• by the National Governments according to 38 % of respondent

LST-UPM D2.1.1


40

• by the Regional Governments and by the Local Institution according to 37% of the respondents.

All the institutions – according to the interviewed persons – show a satisfactory level of awareness and attention to the problem of the ageing of the population, but it is mainly the European Community that puts in place action plans and makes available a suitable budget to solve the problem.

3.2.- Summary of User requirements

- Designing for the elderly: Generally, the elderly interviewed were open towards ICT and available to use new devices / services. Nevertheless the older adults we interviewed indicated that they are facing problems in the use of ICT devices / services. The fast updating of S/W applications asking for continuous training, and the complexity of Graphic User Interfaces and in general of the interaction with the PC were the main barriers mentioned by the older adults we interviewed. Usability, personalization and adaptability to the characteristics of the older adults are key requirements in order to improve technology acceptance for this sector of the population.

- Personalization: Personalization will become a central component of future ICT devices and information access services; personalization can address three layers: interaction of disabled and elderly people with ICTs, provision of content and information search.- The role of ICT in the ageing process: On the basis of the outcomes of the two surveys (the survey involving the elderly and the second one with the carers) we can identify four clusters of needs as indicated in the following graph; for each of them, ICT services could have a relevant role.

Help people in being secure

REASSURANCE &

REMINDING

STIMULATION &

ENABLING

Being and feeling “medically”

controlled

Stimulate a healthier lifestyle

Foster hope in the future, self-esteem and active involvement in the society

Enabling physical / mental wellness

Stimulate physical / mental wellness

Stimulate new interests

BELONGING & PARTICIPATION

Enable and stimulate social wellness

SAFETY & PROTECTION

Figure 41. User needs

- Consumer behaviour of the elderly: The consumer behaviour of the elderly can be predicted thorugh a “gerontographic model” [3] that combines physiological, psychological and social ageing variables. On the basis of this model the elderly population can be

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segmented into four groups according to two axes related to health status and to social mindset (see figure). Often the social mindset is linked to a positive approach towards technology so – regardless of the health status – the market potential for ICT assistive devices / services is larger when addressing the “healthy indulgers” and the “ailing outgoers” that jointly represent the 47% of the older population.

In this model, the older participants in our interviews can be classified mainly as “ailing outgoers” or “healthy indulgers”, as their answers show a general positive approach towards ageing match these profiles.

AILING OUTGOERS

HEALTHY HERMITS

HEALTHY INDULGERS

FRAIL RECLUSES

Social

mindset

Health

status

BAD GOOD

INTROVERTED

OUTGOING

18%

17% 36%

29%

Figure 42. A model of segmentation of the older population

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4.- OVERVIEW OF SP2 UCS IN TERMS OF USERS INTERESTS

As explained in the previous Chapter, two surveys were conducted among elderly and caregivers in five European countries (Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Romania and Spain) in order to extract preliminary user requirements. These surveys were related to the approach of older adults towards ageing, including:

- how older adults deal with the ageing process,

- familiarity with and perception they of technology,

- desires and needs with regard to services helping older adults to maintain independent living.

The outcomes of these surveys were the basis for the definition of the SP2 use cases. The objective of this section is therefore to explain the rationale behind the definition of each category of use cases.

The following table shows the categories of use cases, the general context of use/objective

and the explanation of the linkage to the survey’s findings.

Nutritional Advisor

Use case Explanation of use case

Explanation of linkage to interview findings

Nutritional profile definition and personalisation

Create a nutritional profile that describes the nutritional habits (cultural, religious, etc.) and preferences of the person.

Interviews results show that an increasing number of people are becoming interested in subscribing to a Nutritional Coach online service.

There is a variety of reasons for this interest, and, therefore, personalisation becomes essential in order to address a diversity of needs and preferences.

Contents need to be customized to the individual end user based on the analysis of his evolving user profile. Only the topics of main interest should be highlighted, and information filtering techniques should be applied in order to provide the user with only the information that is meaningful for him. Otherwise, users will lose interest, and; especially elder persons, who have more difficulties when using new technologies.

Nutritional plan builder

Provide the user with a nutritional plan that fulfils the requirements established by his nutritional profile. The system generates a nutritionally well-balanced diet composed by menus.

There are several problems that older people identified regarding following a diet, or aiming to maintain a well-balanced nutrition: lack of knowledge of the caloric content of the food and its nutritional value, lack of variety of food, etc. For these reasons, the majority of the interviewed stated that they were not following any kind of diet. This use case intends to facilitate the elderly to overcome the difficulties they may have, defining possible menus based on the requirements of their nutritional profile (including needs and preferences).

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Nutritional Empowerment &assessment

Keeping the person advised and more involved with his nutrition and health is a good goal to achieve. To this end, a set of messages, warnings and recommendations are showed during the day.

Even if they know all the elements and the characteristics of a healthy nutrition, usually the elderly don’t make an effort to include them in their daily diet, because they need a lot of self-discipline, or because they don’t feel motivated to do so, mainly when they live alone at home. Providing them with of advice, recommendations and motivational messages can be part of the solution to this attitude.

Shopping & cooking assistant

The system suggests to the user what and when to eat, what supplies they need to purchase and how to cook, on a daily or weekly basis, so as to achieve optimal alignment with the nutritional plan.

Besides the difficulties stated above that the interviewed people usually encounter to keep a healthy nutrition, there is also the problem that not all of them know how to cook, and therefore, they don’t have all the products needed at home, or not in the correct quantity. This use case has been defined in order to help the elderly in this sense.

Activity Coach

Activity monitoring multisensory system

Monitoring the activity of the user with different sensors.

There is clear scientific evidence that regular physical activity has powerful positive effects on both psychological and physical well-being. It can help to reduce many effects on age on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. It can also prevent the need for medical treatment, or help to reduce the need of such medical treatment. Physical regular activity also improves mental health.

Elderly people are aware of these benefits, as it is confirmed by the interviews; the large majority of the people interviewed think that healthier habits could enhance well-being and prevent complications.

The way older adults do physical exercise is distributed among: doing it at home, frequenting a gym or doing other physical activities such as swimming, bicycling, etc.

These use cases have been defined in order to assess and recognize the physical activity of the elderly so that the system can design (when needed) a tailored physical exercise program.

Activity Characterization

Recognition of the activity and the level of difficulty to prevent both under and over exercise.

Activity management

According to the activity monitoring and the user profile, proposal of exercises and coaching activities for the overall wellbeing of the elderly and a better quality of life.

Even though most of the people interviewed agreed that healthier habits would enhance their well-being, some of them admitted not to do physical exercise regularly. They recognized the need of training and continuous motivation to keep adherence to healthier lifestyle.

Moreover, when asked about the possibility of subscribing to an on-line activity coach service, the main reasons reported for a negative answer were the difficulties in using a PC and the preference for keeping a physical contact with other people, e.g. a physical trainer.

The activity coaching proposed will integrate the results of the activity monitoring with the user profile, to offer

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the user a personalised set of exercises and activities, as well as guidelines to perform the exercises, advices and warnings; the user will always be informed whether he is over or underperforming, if he should take a break or try harder, etc. The system will then minimise the risk and maximise the benefits for the user. The objective is also to offer a personalised, easy-to-use and unobtrusive service to help users to overcome the lack of motivation stated in the interviews.

Rehabilitation support system

According to the activity monitoring, to coach physical exercise for rehabilitation purposes.

Older people are concerned about maintaining good fitness and stability in walking stable, in the latter case with the intent to reduce the risk of falling. Moreover, they are eager to improve where possible their ability to undertake activities of daily living without falling.

Fall and other accidents detection

To detect an increased risk of falling, to interact with the user to encourage him to rest and to call for help in case of a dangerous event.

To give feedback to the medical centre for a further analysis and, when necessary, for the activation of appropriate intervention.

As indicated in the interviews, falling is a major concern among older people. Avoiding or solving dangerous situations (e.g. prolonged inertia, falls, etc.) is therefore much desirable.

Brain and skills trainer

Specific cognitive training exercises and activities

To propose memory and mental exercises as well as a training plan to the user.

According to the interviewed carers, ICT can support the ageing process and mitigate the concerns of the elderly; one of the main areas of intervention is slowing down of the cognitive / mental decline. This service will go deep in this sense, to maintain elder’s mental activity and memory.

Stress management exercises

According to the detected stress level, to propose stress reduction exercises and education for stress management.

In general the older adults we interviewed do not feel stress (only 19% felt so).

However, the latest trends show that there is an increasing number of people that become stressed for various reasons, physiological, social, psychological, environmental, etc.

Preventing stress processes and reduce their impact on the mental status of the elderly was highlighted by older people themselves, as well as carers..

Daily activities simulation

Improving the user’s skills in daily activities (shopping, transport, travelling…) where he could feel frightened through immersion in different simulated scenarios.

To remind the user to continue the training

As stated above, the interviewed elderly feel generally well, only some of them were worried about their mental status: feeling confused, forgetting everything, admitting a cognitive decline, etc.

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Social Communities platform

Enhanced Web experience

To facilitate the user to find out new social networks, and to be an active participant in the community, by exploiting their experience and competence.

Most of the interviewed carers agreed that ICT can support the ageing process and mitigate the concerns of the elderly, specifying the following as two of the most important areas of intervention: a. generation of new interests or avoidance of the lack of interests by older adults; b. avoidance or reduction of loneliness and promotion of a more active involvement in the society.

On the other hand, from the results of the interviews to elderly people, we can state that, even though they are not used to new technologies, there is an increasing number of people that admit their willingness to try the new experience of participating in virtual communities.

Collaborative Web experience

To detect systematic behaviour patterns of members in making use of social communities.

To detect and help the users to overcome possible problems related to weird behaviours when making use of social communities.

Older people expressed interest to participate in social communities and exchange experience and knowledge. They also consider it important inj order not to feel isolated or alone, thus reducing a possible depression and associated stress.

E-learning and Infotainment Environments

To permit cross community collaboration.

To facilitate the user to keep in contact with his family and friends.

To provide the user with support when travelling.

In our survey , the interviewed older adults showed a good level of socialization; the majority of them indicated that they have a lot of friends and enjoy to be in touch with them;

For the elderly the telephone remains the most common communication tool with friends and relatives; they do it frequently, mainly at least once a week.

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Recreation for the elderly

To show information about occasional events, social networking, informal -formal networks, associations, etc.

As a complement to the service, the system will offer the user information that promote the contact of the elderly with the world, including elderly with the same habits or preferences, friends, family, etc.

Health monitoring

Health profile definition & personalisation

Definition of the current health conditions of the user.

The majority of the interviewed carers agree that one of the main areas where ICT can support the elderly is the enhancement of their health status or the avoidance of perception of a bad health.

From the point of view of the elderly, there is a great interest on healthcare-related services: the majority of the interviewed people are convinced that a healthier lifestyle is beneficial and can avoid the occurrence of degenerative episodes and complications in their health status. The people who were not interested justified their answer with the absence of a specific need (“I hope to stay healthy and active”) or with their poor capability of using PC and Internet.

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Health remote monitoring

The system records details of the user health status (body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate and blood pressure) as well as daily activities performed.

The results from the interviews show that elderly people have a generally satisfactory health status (or at least its perception), and that is probably the reason of the lack of discipline in regularly checking important physiological parameters, such as blood pressure and body’s weight. In the same way, the elderly we interviewed are not visiting or receiving the visit of their family doctor on a regular basis.

On the other hand, the carers think that, even if elderly have a positive perception of their general health status, there is a real need to keep control on it to prevent or reduce the results of health complications.

By considering specifically the service of Remote Health Monitoring, the carers we interviewed highlighted the following benefits:

• Better adherence to keep under control

important health indicators

• Better adherence to treatments and

medications,

• Reduction in the number of ambulatory visits

and hospitalization (prevention),

• Enhanced quality-of-life for the elderly,

• Cost saving in healthcare (through prevention).

Health Coach To advice and suggest activities in relation to the user’s health status.

To enable the communication between patient and doctor.

To provide the user with information related to health.

Considering specifically the Health Coach service, the carers pointed out several benefits:

Enhanced quality-of-life for the elderly, Cost saving in healthcare (through prevention), Reduction in the number of ambulatory visits (when the service enables the communication between patient and doctor) Empowerment of the patients in managing their own health.

Personalisation is essential here.

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Alerting and assisting applications

To generate health alerts to warn users, their relatives and carers about possible dangerous situations for the health or well-being of the elder users

More than half of the interviewed elderly showed small concern about the worsening of their health with the age, and there was no concern or just a small concern about the fear that nobody would assist them in case of an emergency. The reason is that, most likely, the elderly are very close to their families or they are often in contact with them, so they don’t feel lonely or unsafe. An alerting service would act then as a complement to facilitate the communication with carers in case of dangerous situations.

Environmental Control

In-door user localisation

To detect the presence of the user while in the home.

Almost everyone we interviewed feels safe at home, not only those living in a sheltered home but also the older people living at their home, regardless if it is alone or with relatives. They don’t usually have problems managing themselves, but do have some worries:

• The doubt of having left the door and the windows open,

• Difficulties in controlling the various domestic appliances,

• Problems with handling the TV remote control,

• Heating system, air conditioning system, etc.,

• Knowing where their partner is in the house in case this partner triggers an alarm (if s/he fell).

Environmental control applications

To enable the user to check domotic appliances through a control unit and to change their status while the user is at home or outside.

Intelligent home management

To automatically monitor and change the status of domotic appliances while the user is inside or outside home.

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5.- SP2 USE CASES AND APPLICATION SCENARIOS

5.1.- Use Cases definitions

What is meant by the term ‘use case’? Different definitions are presented below, that help understanding the need for developing the Use Cases, as a requirements-gathering tool, prior to the development of any tool or system.

Use Cases can be defined as what happens when actors interact with the system. By recording all the ways the system is used (use cases) we accumulate the requirements of the system. Therefore, a Use Case is a collection of possible sequences of interactions (scenarios) between the system under discussion and its users (or actors), relating to a particular goal [4].

A Use Case is a description of a system’s behaviour, written from the point of view of a user who has told the system to do something particular. A Use Case captures the visible sequence of events that a system goes through in response to a single stimulus. This means also that Use Cases only describe those things that a user can see, not the hidden mechanisms of the system [5].

A Use Case, as a description of an actor’s interaction with the system-to-be, is both a description of the system’s user interface and an indirect description of some function that the system will provide. A set of Use Cases is a description of the system to be designed, the thing to be built, the solution to the problem [6].

A Use Case is a description of a set of sequences of actions, including variants, that a system performs to yield an observable result of value to an actor. [7].

When specifying Use Cases, it is important to keep in mind that Use Cases are not a methodology. In fact, they are a powerful description tool to preview and analyze the functionality of a system. It is essential to capture the interaction between the user and the system being developed. Also, Use Cases can be an effective tool, if they are developed in a disciplined (systematic) and coherent manner, as part of a methodology that first creates a well defined domain-model. Thus, Use Cases can be very useful when used properly.

Another aspect to consider is that Use Cases can be used during many stages of a system development, being associated with different objectives. During the analysis stage, they can be used to prevent the occurrence of costly error correction at later stages of the development cycle. At this initial phase of OASIS development, Use Cases have the objective of capturing the system requirements. Use Cases are not object-oriented, they are a broadly applicable requirements analysis tool that can be applied also to non-object-oriented projects, which increases their usefulness as a requirements method [8]; they resemble functional decomposition and show aspects of behaviour.

Use Cases are generated using a goal-oriented methodology: examining all the actor’s goals that the system satisfies yields the functional requirements. Use Cases are goals that are made up of scenarios. Scenarios do not just refer to what the system can do, but also refer to those interactions that the system must be able to identify as invalid (e.g. error conditions and exceptions). Scenarios consist of a sequence of steps to achieve the goal, which define the interaction level between the user and the system; each step in a scenario is a sub goal of the use case. As such, each sub-goal represents an autonomous action that is at the lowest level desired by our use case decomposition. This hierarchical relationship is needed to properly

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model the requirements of a system being developed. In addition, it helps avoid the explosion of scenarios that would occur if we were to try to simply list all possible ways of interacting with the system. [9]

5.2.- Methodology

The main issue before extracting the Use Cases for OASIS was the development of an adequate format to describe them. Thus, an analytic template has been developed in order to identify and describe as thoroughly as possible the Use Cases, and the way they should be formally described.

The UCs are partially based upon the aims of the 6 Workpackages of Subproject 2 (SP2), where innovative developments are to be carried out:

Nutritional Advisor

Activity Coach



Health monitoring

Environmental control

Thus, the UC falling in each one of the above categories, are addressed to one of their modules. However, several of these modules are covered also through UCs of different categories.

The OASIS UCs template is constructed according to the project objectives. The template, together with the elements that are usually included in this kind of UC description (actors, goals, scenarios, etc.) is presented in the Annex of this document.

5.3.- Use cases prioritization

In order to distinguish Use Cases in terms of value or primacy for OASIS stakeholders (users, users’ representatives or other interested entities) as well as in terms of importance for system operation, 3 priority categories have been set:

1. Essential

2. Secondary

3. Supportive

Each Use Case description is assigned a priority level. The ‘essential’ and ‘secondary’ UCs wil be tested in the pilots of Subproject 4 (SP4), while the ‘supportive’ ones will be tested only if the specific UC is not covered/tested through another UC. The justification of assigning a specific priority level to the UCs has is provided per UC (fields 18 and 19 in the UCs template).

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5.4.- Use Cases clustering

An important feature of the Use Cases is that their “names” should reflect users’ goals and should immediately convey meaning. Taking this into consideration through all processes, Use Cases provide a number of examples containing scenarios of use for OASIS, which should be of great utility for the work of developers, but also for stakeholders and users.

Use Cases categorisation will help dealing with the expected large number of Use Cases for OASIS. This is considered as a clustering technique that separates UC’s by subject area. The subject areas are classified according to the activities of SP2 (as mentioned in section 5.2 above). The detailed list of the SP2 UCs is given below:

Category 1: Nutritional Advisor

-Nutritional profile definition & personalization

SP2-1 Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info explicitly

SP2-2 Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info implicitly

SP2-3 Managing questionnaires

-Nutritional Plan builder

SP2-4 Create a nutritional plan

SP2-5 Edit a nutritional plan

SP2-6 Accessing to the nutritional plan

-Nutritional Empowerment & assessment

SP2-7 Nutritional Coaching

SP2-8 Manage messages

-Shopping and cooking assistant

SP2-9 Generating the shopping list

SP2-10 Accessing to the shopping list

SP2-11 Going shopping-1 buying by himself

SP2-12 Going shopping-2 buying via e-commerce

SP2-13 Going shopping-3 an assistant buys

SP2-14 Updating the shopping list

SP2-15 Guide to cook a recipe

Category 2: Activity Coach

-Activity monitoring multisensorial system

SP2-16 Activity monitoring from sensors

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-Activity characterization

SP2-17 Recognition of movements

SP2-18 Characterization of the activity

-Activity Management

SP2-19 Consultation of the user activity profile

SP2-20 Characterization of the user status

SP2-21 Exercising for overall wellbeing and better quality of life

SP2-22 Coaching/training for diabetes and/or CVD

-Rehabilitation support system

SP2-23 Monitorisation of physical exercise

SP2-24 Coaching for rehabilitation

-Fall and other accidents detection

SP2-25 Fall prevention and detection

SP2-26 Feedback to the user

SP2-27 Feedback to the medical centre

SP2-28 Warning

Category 3: Brain and skills trainer

-Specific cognitive training exercises and activities

SP2-29 Memory and mental exercises

SP2-30 Training plan

-Stress management exercises

SP2-31 Measurement of stress level

SP2-32 Stress reduction exercises

SP2-33 Education for stress management

-Daily activities simulation

SP2-34 Improving skills in daily activities

SP2-35 Training reminder

Category 4: Social Communities platform

-Enhanced web experience

SP2-36 Experience and competence sharing

SP2-37 Feeling secure (Collective security feeling)

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-Collaborative web experience

SP2-38 Personal behaviour extraction

SP2-39 Matching behaviour

SP2-40 Alarm in case of no match or strange behavioural pattern

-E-learning and Infotainment environments

SP2-41 Connected family and friends

SP2-42 Travelling partner

-Recreation for the elderly

SP2-43 Leisure and social activity co-creation

Category 5: Health monitoring

-Health profile definition& personalisation

SP2-44 Create the health profile implicitly

SP2-45 Create the health profile explicitly

SP2-46 Health profile input by the medical doctor

-Health remote monitoring

SP2-47 Recording activity

SP2-48 Vital signs monitoring

-Health Coach

SP2-49 Your physician on line

SP2-50 Medication manager

SP2-51 On demand information service

SP2-52 Health coach

SP2-53 Planning activity

-Alerting and assisting applications

SP2-54 Alerting and assisting the user

SP2-55 Alerting the medical doctor

SP2-56 Alerting the relatives

Category 6: Environmental Control

-In-door user localisation

SP2-57 Automatically detect the user in the house and his exact position

-Environmental control applications

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SP2-58 Check the status of home appliances

SP2-59 Change the status of home appliances

-Intelligent home management

SP2-60 Automatically monitoring and change of the status of home devices

As explained before, the UCs form the basis of all developments within SP2 and describe the IL application areas for which ontologies will be connected or developed. Following sections in this document will describe users feedback regarding the use cases obtained in different user forums carried out from October ‘08 until February’09. Also, important input to the use cases was given by experts during the 1st project Workshop and the Scientific Advisory

Group meeting, which were held on October ’08.

Cross SP UCs

This last category includes use cases that relate both SP2 “Independent Living Applications” and SP3 “Autonomous Mobility and Smart Workplaces Applications”.

These use cases have been included in OASIS Deliverable D.3.1.1 “Use Cases and application scenarios for mobility and smart workplaces applications” [9].

Finally, there are also some generic UCs that cover the system administration from the user’s side, i.e. all the elements the user must introduce in the system that can be managed at any time. This includes personal user data, such as age, gender, activity limitations, etc., so the system can create the users profile. These UCs are listed below:

• Register

• Login

• Manage user’s profile

• Change account details

• Log out

• Unregister

• Download application

• Administration of OASIS system

• User feedback exploitation.

These generic UCs fall in a separate category, as they don’t represent users’ goals, but steps to be carried out by the users to allow an optimal use of OASIS services. Therefore, these are not described in detail, as the rest.

5.5.- Use cases generic diagrams

The figure below represents graphically all the set of SP2 Use Cases of OASIS, in generic diagrams corresponding to each of the categories defined: Nutritional Advisor, Activity Coach, Brain and Skills trainer, Social Communities Platform, Health monitoring and

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Environmental Control. For this purpose, the Unified Modelling Language (UML) standard has been adopted.

UML is a graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software-intensive system.UML offers a standard way to write a system's blueprints, covering conceptual aspects, such as business processes and system functions, as well as concrete aspects, such as classes written in a specific programming language, database schemas, and reusable software components. [7]

Figure 43. Nutritional Advisor generic Representation Diagram

.

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Figure 44. Activity Coach generic Representation Diagram

OASIS User

Memory and mental

exercises

Training plan

Measurement of

stress level

Education for

stress management

Improving skills in

daily activities

Training reminder

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stress reduction

exercises

*

*

Brain and Skills trainer

Figure 45. Brain and Skills Trainer generic Representation Diagram

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Experience and

competence sharing

Feeling secure

Personal behaviour

extraction

Matching behaviour

Alarm in case of no match

or strange behavioural

pattern

Connected family

and friends

Travelling partner

Leisure and social

activity co-creation

OASIS User

*

*

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

**

*

*

**

Social Communities Platform

Figure 46. Social Communities Platform generic Representation Diagram

Figure 47. Health monitoring generic Representation Diagram

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Figure 48. Environmental Control generic Representation Diagram

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5.6.- Use Cases analytical descriptions

Following, the analytical Use Cases are described, according to the template (see Annex 3).

5.6.1.- Category 1: Nutritional advisor

5.6.1.1.- Nutritional profile definition & personalization

SP2-1. Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info explicitly

1.Title Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info explicitly

2.Context of use (aim)

In order to create a nutritional plan that fits as much as possible with the nutritional needs and the preferences of the person, a nutritional profile needs to be created, in which the nutritional habits are described (cultural, religious, etc.) and preferences. Existing illnesses or medical conditions will also be considered (e.g. diabetes, high level of cholesterol, etc.)

3.Primary actor

Young elderly (ages 55-65)

Elderly (ages 65-75)

Old elderly (ages 75+)

4.Secondary actor(s)

Family members

Informal care-givers (i.e. volunteers, neighbours, etc.)

Formal care-givers (both inpatient and outpatient)

Public / private Social security service providers and insurance companies

5.Connected UCs -

6.Priority Level Essential

7.Scenario(s)

Two or more scenarios could be possible:

The person wants to inform about his habits about time for eating, foods, meals, diseases, cooking, OR

The general practitioner or the nutritionist wants to know about the habits the person has about foods, meals, cooking, etc.

8.System output

The system presents a questionnaire to the person (in case a special condition of the person is known e.g. diabetes, a special questionnaire relevant to that condition could be presented). The answers to this questionnaire will be the basis for the nutritional profile. These answers also allow to determine which and when additional questionnaires will be presented to the person.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.2

10.Services involved Nutritional Advisor

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11.Devices & restrictions

11.a. User Interaction devices & restrictions

PCs or laptops.

12.Critical success parameters

Services Success parameters

Nutritional Advisor A nutritional profile for the person

13.Environmental restrictions -

14.Interaction level

Step 1 – The person is required to fulfil a questionnaire about nutritional habits and also about diseases, physical activities, cultural and religious information

Step 2 – The system gets the answers to the questionnaire.

15.Personalisation/ adaptation level

No

16.Quality of service indicators -

17.Potential input from other UCs

Energy expenditure from the activity coach

Latest health measurements. 18.Important accessibility attributes (per UG)

-

19.Background info/ reason on selection and on assigning the priority level

It is very important to know about nutritional habits and customs of the person, as well as to know about the personal nutritional needs. All these information are used when creating a nutritional plan: in order to fit as much as possible with the preferences of the person it is necessary to know what foods s/he eats typically for breakfast, which is the main meal in the day, etc.

20.References

21.Comments

Figure 49. SP2-1 Representation diagram

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SP2-2. Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info implicitly

1.Title Create a nutritional habits profile, collect info implicitly


In order to not saturating or tiring with a big amount of questionnaires, this UC is in charge of automatically collecting information related to the nutritional profile without asking directly to the person but getting the responses, acts and interactions with other parts of the system like the activity coach and the health monitoring applications.

3.Primary actor





5.Connected UCs

6.Priority Level Secondary

7.Scenario(s)

The system wants to complete the nutritional profile and the person is bored about answering a lot of questionnaires, so it collects that info from other modules and applications: Activity coach, Health monitoring, Social communities, etc.

8.System output The system completes the information of the nutritional profile of the person.


10.Services involved

Nutritional Advisor

Activity Coach



Health monitoring

Environmental control




Nutritional Advisor A nutritional profile for the person

13.Environmental restrictions

14.Interaction level Step 1 – The system automatically gets answers, acts or interactions with/from other modules and applications and uses them to complete the nutritional profile.

15.Personalisation/ adaptation level No



A draft or a complete nutritional profile. Last health measurements. Last physical activities performed.

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18.Important accessibility attributes (per UG)


In order to prevent that the person will get tired about answering a lot of questionnaires, it is important that the system checks all the interactions s/he does and checks if there is any information relevant to be used in the nutritional profile.

20.References

21.Comments

Create a nutritional

habits profile, collect info

implicitly

System

**

The system wants to complete the nutritional

profile and the person is bored about answering a lot of

questionnaires, so it collects that info from other

modules and applications: Activity coach, Health

monitoring, Social communities, etc

The nutritional profile is

completed or updated with

new info

*

*

*

*

The SYSTEM retrieve

info from other OASIS App

«uses»

«uses» Select the Person ID that

will receive the operation to

be performed

Figure 50. SP2-2 Representation Diagram

SP2-3. Managing questionnaires

1.Title Managing questionnaires


Collecting information from the person is very important in order to know more about this person. Therefore, an interface to create and modify questionnaires is necessary if the set of questions and answers have to be updated/ modified individually for a person.

3.Primary actor Nutritionist, General practitioner

4.Secondary actor(s) Formal care-givers (both inpatient and outpatient)

5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The expert (a nutritionist or a general practitioner) wants to collect some

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information from the person, then creates a set of questionnaires to be answered by the person.

8.System output The system presents an interface to create questionnaires.



Nutritional Advisor



PCs or laptops



Nutritional Advisor A complete questionnaire is created.



Step 1 – the user wants to compose a new questionnaire for the person.

Step 2 – the system presents an interface to build questionnaires. Also presents a repository of Questions-Answers.

Step 3 – the user creates questions and possible answers and finalizes the questionnaire.

Step 4 – the system stores the questionnaire.


16.Quality of service indicators




In order to use questionnaires in the system, a set of facilities to manage their creation and updating is necessary

20.References

21.Comments

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5.6.1.2.- Nutritional Plan builder

SP2-4. Create a nutritional plan

1.Title Create a nutritional plan


The main aim of this UC is to provide the user with a nutritional plan that fulfils the requirements established by the user’s nutritional profile. The system automatically generates a nutritionally well-balanced diet composed of dairy menus.

3.Primary actor





Family members



5.Connected UCs Use cases related to the nutritional profile.


7.Scenario(s)

The person desires to improve his/her diet, or

The general practitioner or the nutritionist wants the person to change the diet s/he has.

8.System output The system creates a new diet taking into account the person’s nutritional profile (caloric intake, physical activity, etc.), preferences regarding foods and recipes s/he likes or dislikes as well as any diseases, allergies and

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intolerances the person may have.



Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach

Health monitoring



Devices that allows to interact with the system, PCs, PDAs or mobile phones, as it’s only a request to the system



Nutritional Advisor A well-balanced nutritional plan for the person.



Step 1 – Many possibilities:

(Alt. 1) The person wants to create new nutritional plan for X days,

(Alt. 2) The general practitioner, or the nutritionist, wants to create a new nutritional plan for the person.

(Alt. 3) The system automatically creates a new plan for the person as it was planned in the agenda.

Step 2 – The system collects the information regarding the person’s nutritional profile, preferences, and diseases, allergies and intolerances the person may have. It finally creates a new diet for X days, and stores the new plan in the person’s DB tables.

Step 3 – If the nutritional plan was requested by the user or the system, the system sends a message to a valid nutritionist or general practitioner in order for the new plan to be checked.


Static parameters: Food preferences.

Dynamic parameters: Number of days for the plan, caloric target, energy expenditure, etc.


A good quality indicator may be how the new plan fits the user’s preferences, but it has also to be taken into account that in order to fulfil the prescriptions about diseases sometimes the plan could differ a little from the user’s preferences.


Energy expenditure from the activity coach.

Health monitoring.

Nutritional profile.

18. Important accessibility attributes (per UG)

-


To fulfil a nutritionally well-balanced diet ensures that the meals the person takes a day are the best choice according to individual background and energy expenditure, and facilitates independent living at home.

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20.References -

21.Comments -

Create a

nutritional plan

OASIS User

Elderly

«extends»

Nutritionist, General Practitioner

«extends»

*

*

The person wants to

create new nutritional plan for

X days

The general practitioner, or the

nutritionist, wants to create a

new nutritional plan for the person

*

*

*

*

Oasis Agenda«uses»

*

*

The system collects the information regarding

the person’s nutritional profile, preferences,

diseases, etc. and creates a new diet for X days,

and finally stores the new plan in the person’s

DB tables

*

*

The system automatically

creates a new plan for the person as

it was planned in the agenda

Select the Person ID that

will receive the operation to

be performed

«uses»

the system sends a message to a

valid nutritionist or general

practicioner in order to advise him to check the

new plan

*

*


SP2-5. Edit a nutritional plan

1.Title Edit a nutritional plan


Although the nutritional plan is based on the person’s nutritional profile and food preferences, s/he is allowed to can change some dish (course) from the plan created by the system. The changes have to be supervised and approved by experts (general practitioner/nutritionist).

3.Primary actor





Family members



5.Connected UCs E.g, “Create a nutritional plan” and “Accessing to the nutritional plan”


7.Scenario(s) (Alt. 1) The person wants to change a course for lunch because s/he is going to do a physical new activity that was not fixed when the plan was

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generated.

(Alt. 2) The person wants to change a course for dinner of personal preferences.

(Alt. 3) The person has a social event (it could be annotated in the agenda or not) and s/he is going to have lunch/dinner outside, so s/he asks for a modification of the nutritional plan.

8.System output

The system offers equivalent foods or recipes to the one to be changed.

The system informs the general practitioner / nutritionist about the changes in the nutritional plan.



Nutritional Advisor



PCs or laptops with a large screen which allow to interact with the system.



Nutritional Advisor A nutritionally well-balanced plan



Step 1 – the user wants to change a course in a meal

Step 2 – the system offers an equivalent alternative to the food or recipe s/he wants to change.

Step 3 – the user choses the recipe that will replace the one selected previously.

Step 4 – the systems stores provisionally the changes and informs the expert.


Static parameters: Food preferences.


17.Potential input from other UCs -


-


Modify the diet proposed is a service needed to be offered to the person. Moreover, offering the possibility of editing a plan created automatically could allow the person to be/feel more involved in personal health management.

20.References

21.Comments

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Edit a nutritional

plan

OASIS User

Elderly

«extends»

Family, Formal and informal care-givers.

«extends»

**

The user wants to

change a course in a meal

**

the system offers an equivalent

alternative to the food or

recipe s/he wants to change

the user choice the recipe

that will replace the one

selected previously

the systems stores

provisionally the changes and

informs the expert

**

**

**


SP2-6. Accessing to the nutritional plan

1.Title Accessing to the nutritional plan

2.Context of use (aim) Access to the nutritional plan has to be offered to the person in order to make it available anytime.

3.Primary actor





Family members



5.Connected UCs E.g, “create a nutritional plan”


7.Scenario(s)

(Alt. 1) The person is at home and wants to check the current plan: a day in the plan, the diet for the current day, the current meal, etc.

(Alt 2) The person is outside and wants to check the current plan.

(Alt3) An expert (nutritionist or general practitioner) wants to check the menu for a person.

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8.System output

The current nutritional plan, allowing the user “to browse” among the different days, meals, courses, etc. It will be shown to the person only if it’s validated by an expert, the expert can access to all the plans.



Nutritional Advisor



PCs or laptops or mobile device with an accessible interface which allow to interact with the diet.



Nutritional Advisor A complete list with the nutritional plan selected.



(Alt1)

Step 1 – the person wants to check the next meal in the day in order to cook it. S/he wants to know the ingredients and the elaboration of the recipes, and depending on whether s/he is at home or not, s/he requests this action by using the home terminal or the mobile device.

Step 2 – the system shows the current nutritional plan.

Step 3 – the person browses through the diet and collects the ingredients and, if s/he is at home, also the procedures to cook the recipes.

(Alt2)

Step 1 – the expert wants to check the current menu for a person.

Step 2 – the system shows the current nutritional plan.

Step 3 – the expert browses through and validates or denies it.



The person only can access to plans that were validated by the experts. The experts can access to the plan in any moment.




This is a mandatory facility to be provided by the system in order to allow the person to retrieve, check and fulfil a diet. Accessing to the shopping list via mobile devices and the info showed in them could be limited due to features of those devices.

20.References

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21.Comments


5.6.1.3.- Nutritional Empowerment & assessment

SP2-7. Nutritional coaching

1.Title Nutritional coaching


Keeping the person advised and more involved with personal nutrition and health is a good goal to achieve. To this purpose, a set of messages, warnings and recommendations are showed during the day. The messages will be showed depending on the person’s profile, motivations and limitations. This “personal” status will be kept by using a simple and tiny workflow that will reflect all the alternatives the system has to advice the person.

3.Primary actor





Family members



5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s) Different messages are showed to the person during the day, reminders to

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eat, to drink, not to use so much salt or oil when cooking etc.

For example, if the person is exercising exercise, the system will suggest a bigger intake of liquids.

8.System output

The system shows messages, recommendations and warnings depending of the different situations the person is and the “status” in his personal workflow.



Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach

Health monitoring




Devices that allow showing messages: PCs, Laptops, PDAs, mobile phones.



Nutritional Advisor The system shows a message as a result of computing a rule


-


Step 1 – the user just come back after doing exercise.

Step 2 – the system suggests to increase the amount of liquids drunk. The message is shown based on the current “status” of the personal workflow.

-- -- ---- -- ---- -- -- Alternative-- -- ---- -- ---- -- ---- -- --

Step1 – It’s 3pm and the “Environmental Control” didn’t detect any activity in the kitchen since hours before.

Step2 – the system ask the person if s/he had lunch. The message is showed based on the current “status” of the personal workflow.


No




-


Suggesting and reminding people to do (or not to do) something is a desirable feature for a system thought to help people to live independently. Feeling supported and supervised could help people to feel better.

Of course, the messages and their frequencies are designed together with

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the desires and profile of the person and are shown based on the “personal” workflow, because they must fit as much as possible with the “emotional” and “motivational” status of the person in order to avoid "intrusive behaviour" by the system..

20.References -

21.Comments -

Nutritional

coaching

System

**

Nutritional Rules Oasis Agenda

*

*

«uses» «uses»

Person's profiles«uses»

The system shows different messages to

the person during the day, remembering him

when to eat, to drink, not to use so much

salt or oil when cooking etc.


SP2-8. Manage Messages

1.Title Manage Messages


In order to present to the person messages, recommendations and warnings, an interface to manage them is needed. This facility will help to introduce new messages and modify existing ones. The messages will be based on rules that will be triggered depending on different situations.

3.Primary actor Nutritionist, General practitioner

4.Secondary actor(s) Formal care-givers (both inpatient and outpatient)

5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The expert (a general practitioner, nutritionist, etc) wants to introduce messages triggered by rules to inform a person about what to do (or not to do), or messages thought to congratulate or warn the person, etc.

8.System output The system presents an interface to create rules and messages associated to them.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP 2.2

10.Services involved Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach

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Health monitoring




PCs or laptops are easier to work with than others.



Nutritional Advisor The user can add a new message or modify a previously added message



Step 1 – the expert wants to create a new message.

Step 2 – the system presents an interface to compose the rules for triggering a message.

Step 3 – the expert creates the rule and the messages to be shown.

Step 4 – the system stores the rule-message.



-



-


To provide an interface facilitating the introduction andand update of messages and rules to help the person is more than desirable, even more if the system is thought to be supervising the living at home of the person

20.References

21.Comments This interface is thought to be used by experts when creating personalized messages for a person


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5.6.1.4.- Shopping and cooking assistant

SP2-9. Generating the Shopping list

1.Title Generating the Shopping list

2.Context of use (aim) Before the person goes shopping, it would be very useful if the system can calculate the amount of foods the person needs to prepare his meals for today and X days in advance.

3.Primary actor




4.Secondary actor(s) -

5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The person wants to buy the items s/he needs to elaborate the recipes of his nutritional plan.

8.System output The system generates a list with the food to buy.



Nutritional Advisor

11.Devices & restrictions 11.a. User Interaction devices & restrictions

PCs, laptops, PDAs, mobile phones, as it’s should be a simple request.



Nutritional Advisor A list with food to buy was generated



Step 1 – the user wants to create a shopping list of food s/he needs for the meals.

Step 2 – the system retrieves the nutritional plan (diet) and calculates the amount of each food needed to satisfy the quantities used in the recipes to be prepared. Finally the system returns the list.



-



-


To assure what to buy and what are the needs of food, a shopping list generated automatically would be very useful, taking into account ingredientsneeded to prepare meals.

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20.References

21.Comments The shopping list doesn’t have rates or prices, it’s about quantities of food


SP2-10. Accessing to the Shopping List

1.Title Accessing to the Shopping List

2.Context of use (aim) The person wants to view the shopping list. Access to the shopping list must be fast and easy through any device the person wants to use.

3.Primary actor




4.Secondary actor(s) Family members


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5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s) The person wants to access the shopping list.

8.System output The system retrieves and presents the shopping list.



Nutritional Advisor



PCs, Laptops, PDAs and mobile telephones.



Nutritional Advisor The complete shopping list is shown to the user



Step 1 – the user wants to check his shopping list, or any of the other actors that have authorization wants to do so.

Step 2 – the system retrieves and shows the shopping list.




-


-


The possibility to retrieve the matching shopping list from everywhere is a desirable feature for the system. It’s the way the user has to check the foods to buy and that will be needed for cooking the meals of the nutritional plan.

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-11. Going shopping – 1 buying by himself

1.Title Going shopping – 1 buying by himself

2.Context of use (aim) The person wants to personally go shopping the food s/he needs.

3.Primary actor





5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s) The person wants to buy the food s/he needs and that are listed in the shopping list.

8.System output The system gives the person the shopping list. S/he can choose between printing the Shopping list or downloading it in a personal mobile device.



Nutritional Advisor

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- PDAs, mobile phones to download the SPL

- PCs, laptops to print the SPL



Nutritional Advisor A copy of the Shopping list is printed on paper or sent to the mobile device of the user



Step 1 – the user wants to buy the foods he needs . Then the person access the shopping list and chooses to print it.

Step 2 – the system prints the shopping list.

-- -- ---- -- ---- -- -- Alternative-- -- ---- -- ---- -- ---- -- --

Step 1 – the user wants to buy the foods he need by himself using his mobile device. Then he access the shopping list and choose to send a copy to his mobile device.

Step 2 – the system connects to the mobile device and sends a copy of the Shopping list.

-- -- ---- -- ---- -- -- Alternative-- -- ---- -- ---- -- ---- -- --

Step 1 – the systems knows that the person is going to somewhere because this event is the person’s agenda, so suggests him to go shopping too.

Step 2 – the person accepts the suggestion of the system.

Step 3 – the system sends to the person the shopping list, and s/he decides either to print it or to download it to his personal mobile device.




-


-


The person should have the possibility of buying foods without any help. For that purpose, he has to be able to access to the shopping list and download or print it.

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-12. Going shopping – 2 buying via e-commerce

1.Title Going shopping – 2 buying via e-commerce

2.Context of use (aim) The person prefers buying food s/he needs for the meals s/he has to cook through e-commerce

3.Primary actor




4.Secondary actor(s) Telematic service providers

5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s) The person is tired or doesn’t feel like going shopping and prefers to order the food of the shopping list directly via e-commerce.

8.System output The system sends the shopping list and the person’s contact data to the e-commerce s/he has selected to buy with.



Nutritional Advisor

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PCs or laptops



Nutritional Advisor A complete shopping list is sent to the e-commerce.



Step 1 – the user wants to order the shopping list to an e-commerce.

Step 2 – the system presents the list of e-commerce available.

Step 3 – the user chooses the e-commerce s/he prefers.

Step 4 – the systems sends to the e-commerce the shopping list and the contact info of the user.





-


Sometimes the person could prefer not (or s/he is not able to) to go shopping personally, then s/he must have the possibility of ordering the shopping list via e-commerce.

20.References -

21.Comments -


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SP2-13. Going shopping – 3 an assistant buys

1.Title Going shopping – 3 an assistant buys

2.Context of use (aim) The person prefers that a third person buys the foods s/he needs for the meals s/he has to cook. He gets in contact with that person and sends him the shopping list

3.Primary actor





Family members



Service Centre

5.Connected UCs -

6.Priority Level Supportive

7.Scenario(s) The person is tired or doesn’t feel like going shopping and prefers to order the food of the shopping list through an assistant.

8.System output The system sends the shopping list and the person’s contact data to the assistant



Nutritional Advisor



PCs and Laptops.



Nutritional Advisor A complete shopping list is sent to the assistant


-


Step 1 – the user wants to contact his assistant and ask him to buy foods.

Step 2 – the system sends the shopping list and the contact info of the person to the assistant.

Step 3 – the assistant informs the user that he received the request.


No


-

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-


-


Sometimes people rely more on a person (assistant) than on a contact with an e-commerce shop to go shopping instead of them. For these situations it would be very useful to have the possibility tosend the exact shopping list to the assistant.

20.References -

21.Comments -

Going shopping – 3

an assistant buys

Elderly

the user wants to contact with

his assistant and order him to

buy foods he needs

the system sends the shopping

list and the contact info of the

person to the assistant.

the assistant informs

the user he received his

request

**

* *

**

**


SP2-14. Updating the shopping list

1.Title Updating the shopping list

2.Context of use (aim) The person wants to indicate to the system that the foods in the shopping list (or some foods from it) were bought, or are not needed to buy because s/he has it in the pantry.

3.Primary actor





Family members



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Service Centre

Telematic service providers

5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s) The person wants to indicate to the system that the foods in the shopping list (or some foods from it) were bought, or are not needed.

8.System output The system updates the shopping list according to the data provided by the user.



Nutritional Advisor

11.Devices & restrictions 11.a. User Interaction devices & restrictions

PCs, Laptops, PDAs, mobile phones



Nutritional Advisor The changes were applied to the selected foods in the Shopping list


-


Step 1 – the user wants to indicate the system that one food present in the shopping list is not needed, and accesses the shopping list to update it.

Step 2 – the system presents the foods in the shopping list to the user plus a checkbox for each food.

Step 3 – the user checks the foods s/he has.

-- -- ---- -- ---- -- -- Alternative-- -- ---- -- ---- -- ---- -- --

Step 1 – the user wants to indicate the system that all foods of the shopping list were bought.

Step 2 – the system presents the foods in the shopping list to the user plus a checkbox for each food.

Step 3 – the user check the option “select all foods”.


No


-


-


-


In order to update the shopping list, it’s necessary to have an interface to notify when foods were bought or are not needed to be bought.

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-15. Guide to cook a recipe

1.Title Guide to cook a recipe


A recipe in the nutritional plan could be new for the person and s/he has to be guided to cook it, or, the person wants to remind it and checks the ingredients and the procedure to cook the recipe.

3.Primary actor





5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s) The person wants to see the ingredients for a recipe and how it must be cooked.

8.System output The system provides guidelines to help the user cook a recipe. Guidance can be provided through voice messages, or messages in the user’s interaction device.



Nutritional Advisor

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PCs, Laptops



Nutritional Advisor An understandable guide for cooking is received by the user


-

14.Interaction level Step 1 – the user wants to check the ingredients and how to cook a recipe

Step 2 – the system shows the recipe and guides the user to cook it




-


-


In some cases to remind how to cook a recipe is necessary because the person could forget it or skips some steps and/or ingredients. With the use of this interface, it is easy to guide the user to cook the recipe in the best way.

20.References -

21.Comments -


5.6.2.- Category 2: Activity Coach

5.6.2.1.- Activity monitoring multisensory system

SP2-16. Activity monitoring from sensors

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1.Title Activity monitoring by using a set of sensors


It is important for the elderly to assess their level of physical activity; it will allow to design – when needed - a tailored physical exercise program. Elder’s activity is monitored by using a set of sensors, and often it is complemented by the measurement of other parameters such as physiological parameters and environmental parameters.

3.Primary actor





Family members



Health care and emergency support service providers

5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

The caregivers (formal or informal) and/or the elderly themselves need to check the level of physical activity performed by the elderly during the day or during a specific event (e.g. during the execution of a physical exercise).The system analyses the information and presents it to the user

8.System output

A set of sensors gives information related not only to parameters of the physical activity, but also to physiological parameters and environmental parameters. In such way the monitored activity can be linked to the health status of the elderly and to the context.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach), WP2.6 (Health monitoring), WP 2.7 (Environmental control)


Activity coach

Health monitoring



- Activity sensors (accelerometers, pedometers);

- Physiological sensors (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, oxygen saturation, etc.);

- Environmental sensors (location sensors, bed occupancy sensors, fall detection, etc.)

Moreover accurate algorithms translate the accelerometers data into useful outputs (e.g. energy expenditure).


Often there is no interaction with the user; data are collected - automatically and wirelessly - through unobtrusive sensors.

11.b. Sensor devices & restrictions

A balance of on body, wearable sensors and external measurement

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devices will give the right compromise between unobtrusiveness and accuracy.



Activity coach Unobtrusiveness, accuracy of the measurements, overall acceptance by the elderly, security of the transmitted data.; clarity of the information reported to the user


Accuracy of activity monitoring could be poor in outdoor applications due to the lack of information related to the context.

Moreover some sensors (e.g. pedometers) show lack of accuracy at slow speed (that is typical in frail elderly).


Step 1- The user, following the instruction of the caregiver, wants to monitor his level of physical activity and uses a set of on-body sensors (some of them are wearable), making also sure that the environmental sensors are activated .

Step 2 –The system includes a set of sensors (on body physiological and motion sensors and some environmental sensors), detects important parameters and sends those data to a tablet PC. Here the data are processed through intelligent algorithms and useful information on the physical activity of the elderly is extracted.

Step 3- The user can check the data coming from sensors.


-static parameters: adaptation to the user profile (age, health status, etc.), preferences (on body sensor, wristwatch sensor, pedometer integrated into shoes, etc.) and to the desired information to be collected;

-semi-dynamic parameters: the types of the used motion sensors are adapted according to the usage context ( indoor – outdoor );

-dynamic parameters: types of parameters to be monitored (mainly physiological parameters) could be dynamically adapted to the intensity and the type of the monitored activity.

-environmental parameters/context of use: environmental sensors are adapted to the characteristics of the ambient and to the habits of the elderly.


Unobtrusiveness, accuracy of the output data, reliability, acceptance by the user (here, cost may influence)


Data coming from the Health monitoring UC and from the Environmental Control UC


Primary user: unobtrusiveness, privacy and security of the transmitted data;

Secondary users (caregivers): accuracy

User interface adaptation


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

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5.6.2.2.- Activity characterization

SP2-17. Recognition of movements

1.Title Recognition of simple activities


Often it is important not only to monitor the movement of the elderly but also to recognize the specific activity being performed (e.g. in case physical exercises, it could be important to know if the user is cycling or running). In fact some collateral parameters (e.g. energy expenditure) are linked also to the type of the activity.

Recognition of the type of movement could be important also in applications such as fall prevention.

3.Primary actor





Family members



Service Centre

Home automation service providers

5.Connected UCs -


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7.Scenario(s) The elderly is performing daily activities and spends some time in doing physical exercises as suggested by the doctor.

8.System output

The system – through a 3-axes accelerometer and/or through other devices (e.g. video-based solutions) recognizes some simple and common physical activities (walking, sitting, standing, cycling, etc.).

In some cases the system is used to detect abnormal walking patterns indicating fatigue or wrong postures.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach), WP 2.6 (Health Monitoring), WP 2.7 (Environmental control)


Activity coach

Health monitoring




A personal device (e.g. a tablet PC, mobile device) can be used to give warning messages to the elderly once some critical movements are detected


Accelerometers, location devices, video systems (cameras), infrared sensors



Activity coach Accuracy, unobtrusiveness, trust and acceptance by the elderly, degree of predictability (when possible) to avoid falls, etc.


Activity recognition in indoor environment can be supported by environmental sensors and by knowledge of the typical daily life activities of the elderly.

The situation is much more critical in uncontrolled environments (e.g. mobile applications outside the elderly home).


Step 1 – The user is performing his usual daily life activities.

Step 2 – The system recognizes the movements and the activities of the elderly and enriches the activity monitoring with this additional information.


Recognition of the activities is often based on the comparison of the actual motion pattern with some pattern models related to the specific user.

Static parameters: adaptation to the characteristics of the user (age, health status, etc.) and to the desired information to be collected;

Semi-dynamic parameters: sensors are adapted according to the usage context ( indoor – outdoor ) and the type of event / activity to be recognized (e.g. the elderly going out of his bed during the night);

Environmental parameters/context of use: environmental sensors are adapted to the characteristics of the ambient and to the habits of the elderly.


Reliability and accuracy in the recognition of the activity; unobtrusiveness; trust by the user.

17.Potential input from -

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other UCs



The recognition of the specific activity could be important but not essential in assessing the intensity of the physical activity of the elderly.

20.References

21.Comments


SP2-18. Characterization of the activity

1.Title Identification of the main physical parameters linked to the activity


The physical activity is characterized through the calculation of parameters such as speed and running / walking distance, as well as time spent in exercising.

Algorithms allow to determine other parameters such as daily energy expenditure, physical activity level (PAL) and finally a link between activity and physiological parameters (heart rate, respiration, body temperature, etc.) completes the characterization of the activity and its impact on the elderly.

3.Primary actor





Family members



Service Centre

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5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s)

The user starts to perform some physical exercises (e.g. bicycling) and wears the on-body sensors detecting some of the physiological parameters and the motion parameters; additional measurement devices can be used too.

8.System output

The system collects and processes the data – wirelessly transmitted by the on-body sensors – and through intelligent algorithms characterizes the activity of the elderly and its effects (e.g. energy expenditure).

Information taken from the user profile are used too (age, sex of the elderly, body mass index (BMI), specific diseases, habits (smoking, non smoking),etc.)

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach), WP 2.6 (Health Monitoring)


Activity coach

Health monitoring



A tablet PC or a display connected to a PC and showing the parameters characterizing the activity of the elderly


Motion sensors, physiological sensors



Activity coach Accuracy, unobtrusiveness and acceptance by the elderly


The characterization of the activity is more difficult in an uncontrolled environment such as outside the domestic environment.


Step 1 – the user is starting a session of his physical exercise program (he is running)

Step 2 – the system characterizes the activity of the elderly by providing data such as speed, running distance, time spent, etc. The system provides also data related to physiological parameters and results of the exercise (energy expenditure).


Some data (e.g. energy expenditure) are related to the characteristics of the user.

static parameters: adapted to personal profile (age, sex, etc.)

semi-dynamic parameters: adapted to the health status of the elderly

environmental parameters/context of use: activity data could be correlated to some environmental parameters such as ambient temperature, humidity or

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the profile of the location where the exercise is performed.


Accuracy and richness of the characterization


Health Monitoring


-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -


5.6.2.3.- Activity Management

SP2-19. Consultation of the user activity profile

1.Title Consultation of the user activity profile


The doctor suggests the elderly to perform a program of physical exercises; on a periodic basis, the doctor checks the activity profile of the elderly by accessing the web service. He was authorized by the elderly and got an access password by the “Activity Coach” service provider.

3.Primary actor Young elderly (ages 55-65)


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Family members



Service Centre

5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

The user – by following the suggestion of the doctor – subscribes to the “Activity Coach” web service;

The doctor/service centre – after being authorized by the elderly – accesses the service and gets information on the results and the adherence of the elderly to the program; more specifically, an activity profile of the elderly is continuously updated and available.

8.System output

The system – by using information derived from a questionnaire filled in by the elderly and the user profile available in other services subscribed to by the elderly (e.g. Nutritional Coach and Health Monitoring) – elaborates an activity profile of the elderly. It includes – in addition to general information (name, age, weight, body mass index, habits (e.g. smoking or non smoking), height, blood pressure, health status and other physiological parameters) – specific data indicating the outcome of the physical activity ( e.g. time spent in exercising, speed, energy expenditure, etc.).

On request of the authorized persons (the elderly, the caregivers) the latest profile can be downloaded; the system provides also trends over time of some parameters.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.2 (Nutritional Coach), WP 2.3 (Activity Coach), WP2.6 (Health monitoring)


Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach

Health monitoring



PDA or any other mobile device ;

A desktop PC/laptop at the doctor’s office with its display.


Motion sensors (accelerometer, pedometer, etc.) and Physiological sensors



Activity coach Accuracy of the data available in the

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user profile; continuous updating of the profile


None; activity profile can be accessible through a desktop PC or through a wireless, mobile devices (PDA, tablet PC, mobile phone, etc.)


Step 1 – the user – under the suggestion of the doctor – is increasing his level of physical activity and subscribes to an Activity Coach service. The service guides the user in carrying out a physical exercise program.

The authorized caregiver accesses the service to be updated on the latest activity profile of the patient.

Step 2 – The system – after the completion of a log in procedure - provides such activity profile of the elderly. Data are also shown in the form of graphs to highlight trends during the observation time period selected by the doctor.


Access to the profile by third persons has to be authorized by the elderly

static parameters: the presentation of the data is adapted to the user;

semi-dynamic parameters: Time interval to which the profile is related is adapted according to the request of the caregiver accessing the profile. .


Security (access only to authorized persons), continuous updating, ease of presentation and richness of the profile, connection with other services enriching the profile (e.g. Nutritional Coach and Health Monitoring).


-


-


Essential for the definition of a therapeutic program and for checking the compliance of the elderly to the physical exercise program suggested by the doctor.

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-20. Characterization of user status

1.Title Characterization of the status of the user with reference to physical activity


It is important to define how an older adult reacts to a physical activity (fatigue, dizziness, lack of balance, etc.).

The information has a clinical value and can suggest more appropriate therapeutic treatments. The user status is characterized by integrating physical parameters with data related to his physiological parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, etc.).

3.Primary actor





Family members



Service Centre


5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The user subscribes an Activity Coach service; the service includes the monitoring of physical and physiological parameters during the execution of the physical exercise sessions.

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8.System output

The system integrates motion parameters with data related to physiological parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, etc.), and characterizes the user’s status; warning messages and emergency calls are activated in case of detection of a risky situation.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach), WP2.6 (Health Monitoring)


Activity coach

Health monitoring



Tablet PC, mobile phone or any other device connected – through Internet – to the service provider;


Motion sensors and vital signs sensors wirelessly connected to the personal device.

Outputs of the sensors are processed locally by the personal device or remotely by the Service Centre.



Activity coach Data security and privacy; robustness and reliability of the expert system defining the user’s status.


-


Step 1 – the user wants to perform some kind of physical activity and wants to be reassured on his status while doing it. Based on the status received, he adjusts accordingly the intensity of the activity to avoid the occurrence of risky situations.

Step 2 – the system elaborates the data coming from a set of sensors (motion and physiological sensors) and characterizes the status of the user. A warning feedback is activated in case of risk.


The status is highly influenced by the profile of the user (age, sex, clinical data, previous and current diseases, etc.)

static parameters: the algorithm characterizing the user’s status and the intervention threshold are adapted to the user profile.

dynamic parameters: feedback linked to the evolution of the monitored parameters

environmental parameters/context of use: assessment of the user status linked to the context (type of activity, level of needed effort, environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity)


Reliability of the expert system characterizing the user status; acceptance by the user (suitable number of sensors and their unobtrusiveness)

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Health Monitoring

Recognition of movements

Characterization of the activity


Accessible interface for the elderly so that they can easily understand when there is a risky situation developing or occurring.


-

20.References -

21.Comments -


SP2-21. Exercising for overall wellbeing and better quality of life

1. Title Exercising for overall wellbeing and better quality of life

2. Context of use (aim)

To foster – through a continuous and regular physical activity – the general enhancement of physical functions, self-related functions (self esteem, self efficiency, affect), cognitive functions (memory and attention) and in such a way to enhance the quality-of-life of the elderly (global wellbeing and satisfaction).

To promote an active ageing of the older population.

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3. Primary actor




4. Secondary actor(s)

Family members



Public /private Social security service providers and insurance companies

Service Centre


Elderly associations

National, local and regional authorities

Policy makers

5. Connected UCs -

6. Priority Level Secondary

7. Scenario(s)

1. The elderly subscribed to the online “Activity Coach” service and regularly follows the exercises program the service suggests.

2. When requested, the elderly inputs personal data into the system and this will enable a better adaptation of the program to his profile (age, sex, smoking, non smoking habit, etc.);

3. The family doctor or the physiotherapist adds other data (e.g. the BMI, diseases and general health status, result of a preliminary test).

4. Periodically the elderly reports to his family doctor how he feels and the benefits got or the problems envisaged as outcome of the physical training.

5. The family members and the family doctor encouraged the elderly to uptake the training program and continuously foster adherence to it.

6. The elderly exercises at home or in group during his stay at the Elderly Center.

7. Furthermore, the elderly is part of a “on line peer community” and shares accomplishment and information.

8. The elderly gets feedbacks from the system about the achievement of his daily activity targets and increases his awareness and motivation.

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8. System output

Through sensors (including in some cases environmental sensors and an activity recognition module), the system automatically acquires information and characterizes the activity profile of the elderly. New situations and progress are monitored and recorded.

Specific and simple physical activities are recognized, such as walking, running, cycling, driving, sport activities.

Additional information is obtained through the manual input of data by the elderly and/or by caregivers.

Accordingly, the system adapts the exercises program (type of exercises, intensity, duration, frequency). Proposed exercises are:

-Strength training (to improve muscle strength of both upper and lower body), functional skill training (to improve coordination, speed, endurance, balance, etc.)

-Music, motivational messages, multimedia contents are used by the system to guide the elderly, to motivate him in reaching the session goals and to make the training experience enjoyable.

The tablet PC used by the elderly becomes his “exercise advisor”.

The system – when requested – retrieves all the stored information and shows graphs of the last data and trends. Estimation of the total energy expenditure is provided too.

9. Relevant OASIS WP

WP2.3 (Activity Coach) , WP 2.6 (Health Monitoring)

10. Services involved

Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach

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The system includes a set of wearable, unobtrusive sensors, an activity recognition module and a video terminal (a tablet PC eventually connected to a TV set for better visualization) as user interface.

The application is accessed through the Internet and the system is connected to a remote Service Centre.

Data can be made remotely accessible to authorized persons (e.g. to the family doctor).


Tablet PC with touch screen or voice control (eventually connected to the larger screen of a TV set).

A virtual keyboard on the screen allowing to input data.

Voice control and vocal output through a voice synthesizer

In some cases a relational agent could be used, i.e. a computational artefact designed to build and maintain long term social-emotional relationships with users. It could be an effective interface modality for older adults since it is familiar and non-threatening.


Motion sensors including an accelerometer detecting parameters that characterize the activity level. When possible sensors will be wearable and unobtrusive.

Activity Recognition systems even if limited to simple and well defined activities such as running, walking, cycling, driving, sport activities.



Activity coach Adherence of the elderly to the exercises program;

General improvement of health status (physical and mental): improved sleep, enhanced mobility, functional fitness (flexibility, coordination, agility, strength and endurance, fall risk reduction), psychological benefits (alleviating depression, improving mood, sense of self-efficacy).


The service could be on an individual basis (at home) or group-based (e.g. at the Elderly Center or in a community).

The individual approach offers a better personalization of the service; the group-based experience – from the other side – fosters adherence, makes the experience more enjoyable and gives the additional benefit of increasing the social contacts.

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14. Interaction level

Step 1 –The user – encouraged by the family doctor, the physiotherapist and/ or his family members – likes to maintain (or achieve) a satisfactory level of physical activity to get a global wellbeing and improve his quality-of-life. The user is willing to uptake a training program by subscribing an “Activity Coach” web service.

Step 2 – The system provides exercise programs tailored as much as possible to the specific elderly’ s needs and dynamically adapted to the evolving situation. It will motivate continuously the elder to foster his adherence.

.

The “motivation aspect” is a key element; the main objective of the program is to change the behaviour of the elderly towards a consistent, healthier lifestyle characterized by a suitable level of physical activity.

15.Personalization/ adaptation level

Static parameters: any static disability(adapted UI); user health and psychological profile;

Semi-dynamic parameters:

A. type, intensity, duration and frequency of the exercises adapted to the age, the ability and the clinical profile of the elderly (e.g. lower limb weakness, poor balance, slow reaction time, etc.) and to the evolution of his health status.

B. feedback approach of the system adapted to the user’s psychological profile;

Dynamic parameters: targets and exercise frequency and duration are progressive over time. The system automatically sets goals and adapts the program on the basis of previous collected data and notification of new events.

Environmental parameters/context of use: the exercise program can be done at home on an individual basis or outside in group (e.g. at the Elderly Centre).

16. Quality of service indicators

Unobtrusiveness and acceptance by the elderly;

Improvement of the quality and level of the physical activity (e.g. measured through the use of the Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE) that takes into account leisure, household and occupational activities) ;

General health status improvement;

Improvement of the Quality-of-Life ( measured by using consolidated tools such as specific surveys);

Adherence to the program by the user;

Easy accessibility to the service through Internet.

.

17. Potential input from other UCs

Health Monitoring services


Accessible user interface adjusted to the profile of the elderly user.

Primary user : easy-to-experience;

Secondary user (caregivers): Easy in setting up the personal profile of the elderly and in keeping under control the system by assessing risk factors of an individual and by personalizing the exercise program.

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19. Background info/ reason on selection and on assigning the priority level

-

20. References -

21. Comments -


SP2-22. Coaching/training for diabetes and/or CVD

1. Title

Activity Coach for diabetes and/or elderly with cardiovascular problems


It is known that physical activity protects against the development of coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, obesity, and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

The aim of the service is to help incorporating physical activity into the patient’s daily routine and better protect his health.

The service could be included in a long term therapeutic cycle or limited in time with the program started during hospitalization and continued for 2-3 months after discharge.

Continuous control of a medical professional is requested.

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The service could be combined with a Remote Health Monitoring application.

3. Primary actor





Family members



Public /private Social security service providers and insurance companies

Service Centre




Policy makers

5. Connected UCs Health Monitoring services


7. Scenario(s)

1. The elderly has cardiovascular problems and the family doctor prescribed him to enhance physical activity by making daily physical exercises. He suggests subscribing an on-line exercise program, specifically adapted to the individual physical and health profile of the elderly.

2. The doctor explained to the elderly and his family the benefits of physical activity for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

3. The elderly subscribed the “Activity Coach” service suggested by the doctor and regularly follows the exercises program that the system suggests through the tablet PC or the TV set.

4. The family doctor inserted into the system the data related to the health profile of the elderly and – by using the available options offered by the Service – designed “his personal exercise program” (starting from a low level intensity and slowly progressing).

5. Together with the doctor, the elderly added his personal data enabling the system to better adapt the program to his profile (age, sex, smoking, non smoking habit, weight, etc.);

6. The service is combined with Health Monitoring systems that measures some patho -physiological parameters such as hearth rate, respiration rate, arterial pressure, weight and stores the measured data by providing – on request – graphs and trends.

7. Periodically the elderly reports to his/her family doctor how she/he feels and the benefits obtained or the problems envisaged as outcome of physical training; the doctor retrieves from the system the stored data and – if necessary – introduces some changes in the Exercise Program.

8. The family members and the family doctor continuously encourage and motivate the elderly.

9. The elderly gets feedbacks from the system about the achievement of his daily activity target and this increases his awareness and motivation.

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8. System output

Through sensors (including sensors for physiological parameters and motion sensors and - in some cases - environmental sensors), the system automatically acquires information. The system defines the activity profile of the elderly, stores the acquired data and detects new situations and progress.

Additional information are obtained through the manual input of data by the elderly and/or by caregivers.

In line with the doctor’s prescription and on the basis of the measured parameters, the system adapts the exercise program (type of exercises, intensity, duration, frequency).

Music, motivational messages, and multimedia contents are used by the system to guide the elderly, motivate him in reaching the session goals and to make the training experience enjoyable.

The tablet PC –used by the elderly - becomes his “exercise advisor” .

The system – when requested – retrieves all the stored information and shows graphs of the last data and trends. Activity data, physiological data, energy expenditure data and record of specific events are provided.

The authorized family doctor can have on-line access to these data after a log in procedure and is promptly informed with a message in case of the occurrence of anomalies.

9. Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach) - WP 2.6 (Health Monitoring)


Activity coach

Health monitoring


The system includes a set of wearable, unobtrusive sensors and a video terminal (a tablet PC eventually connected to a TV set for better visualization) as user interface.

The application is accessed through the Internet and the system is connected to a remote Service Centre.

Data can be made remotely accessible to authorized persons (e.g. to the family doctor).


Tablet PC with touch screen and/or voice control.

For better visualization the tablet PC could be connected to a TV set.

A virtual keyboard on screen allowing to input data.


Motion sensors including an accelerometer detecting parameters that characterize the activity level.

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When possible sensors will be wearable and unobtrusive.

Physiological sensors measuring parameters such as heart rate, respiration rate, arterial pressure, body temperature, weight (and blood glucose level in case of diabetes).

In some cases, ambient sensors to characterize the context.



Activity coach Adherence of the elderly to the exercises program;

General improvement of the health status with specific reference to the targeted disease;

Reduction of the occurrence of degenerative episodes and of hospitalizations.

Enhanced quality-of-life of the elderly


The Program could start during hospitalization and continue at home.

Regular control by a medical professional is needed.


Step 1 –The user – under the prescription of the family doctor – accepts to start an exercise program and subscribes the web service suggested by the doctor.

Step 2 – The system – in line with the plan elaborated by the doctor - provides exercises programs tailored to the specific elderly’s needs and dynamically adapted to the evolving situation. It will motivate continuously the elder to foster adherence. Multimedia contents are used to explain the exercises and to motivate the elderly.

Step 3 – During the execution of the exercises, activity parameters and physiological parameters are tracked, transmitted to a remote Service Center and stored.

Step 4 - Warning messages are sent to the elderly and – if needed – to the doctor in case of anomalies.

Step 5 – The elderly can have on-line access to personal data that are represented in form of graphs; the system provides the user with a feedback on the achievement of daily, weekly goals.

Step 6 – The authorized family doctor can have access to the data of the patient by connecting via Internet to the service and after the log in procedure.


Static parameters: any static disability (adapted UI); user health and psychological profile;

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A. type, intensity, duration and frequency of the exercises are adapted to the age, the ability and the clinical profile of the elderly and to the evolution of his health status.

B. the feedback approach of the system is adapted to the user’s psychological profile;

Dynamic parameters: targets, exercise frequency and duration over time.

The system automatically sets goals and adapts the program on the basis of previous collected data, of notifications of new events and on the basis of the prescription of the doctor.

Environmental parameters/context of use: information on the context could help enrich the features of the system (better assessment of the elderly status and influence of the context).

16. Quality of service indicators

Unobtrusiveness and acceptance by the elderly; Adherence to the exercise program;

General improvement of the health status with specific reference to the targeted disease;

Improvement of the Quality-of-Life (measured by using consolidated tools such as specific surveys).

Improvement of the quality and level of physical activity (e.g. measured through the use of the Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE) that includes leisure, household and occupational activities).

Easy accessibility to the service through the Internet.

Reduction of the occurrence of degenerative episodes and of hospitalizations.

Data security and privacy.


-


Primary user: easy-to-experience;

Secondary user (caregivers): easy in setting up the personal profile of the elderly and in keeping under control the system by assessing risk factors of an individual and by personalizing the exercises program.

19. Background info/ reason on selection and on assigning the priority level

-

20. References -

21. Comments -

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5.6.2.4.- Rehabilitation support system

SP2-23. Monitorisation of physical exercise

1.Title Monitoring of physical exercise


Physical parameters (speed, running distance, type of activity and difficulty level of the exercise, time spent for the execution of the exercise, energy expenditure, etc.) and physiological parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, etc.) are monitored or calculated during the execution of the physical exercise session.

3.Primary actor





Family members




5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

The user – uppon suggestion and under the control of his family doctor – subscribes to an Activity Coach service and executes physical exercises; he likes to have information on the exercise, his performance and on the reaction of his body to the physical effort.

8.System output The system monitors the way the user is exercising, elaborates the data coming from a set of physical and physiological sensors and provides useful information to the user.

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Data are stored for further analysis and – in case of an on line service – sent to a remote center for elaboration.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach), WP 2.6 (Health Monitoring)


Activity coach

Health monitoring



A personal device collecting the data coming from the sensors and elaborating them locally (for further analysis) or sending them to a remote Centre for further elaboration.


Physical (motion) sensors and physiological sensors



Activity coach Accuracy of the provided information, unobtrusiveness,

Ease of use


-


Step 1 – the user wants to do some physical exercises and to have information on his performance. Furthermore, he wants to relate his performance with changes in his physiological parameters.

Step 2 – the system – through a set of sensors – monitors the physical activity and the vital signs of the user and provides a set of useful information


Static parameters: User profile

Dynamic parameters: type of exercise and intensity level of its execution

Environmental parameters/context of use: temperature, humidity, etc.


Accuracy and richness of the monitored parameters


Health Monitoring

Movement and activity recognition

Nutritional Coach


-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-24. Coaching for rehabilitation

1. Title

Coaching / training for fall prevention of frail elderly


To coach elderly in maintaining good fitness and in walking in a stable manner with the intent of reducing the risk of falling.

To improve the elder’s ability to undertake activities of daily living without falling.

3. Primary actor Elderly (ages 65-75)



Family members



Service Centre



5. Connected UCs -

6. Priority Level Secondary

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7. Scenario(s)

The elderly has problems and needs exercises.

The system suggests doing this individually, or informs him on a local elderly centre offering such services.

The elderly can use the system individually or in Group.

1. The user wears the activity sensors of the system.

2. He follows the suggested exercise program the system suggests him; he uses his tablet PC often connected to the large screen of a TV set for larger and better view.

3. When requested, the elderly adds personal information enabling the system to better adapt the program to his profile;

4. Periodically the user reports to the family doctor how he feels and the benefits obtained or the problems envisaged as outcome of the physical training.

5. The family members assist the elderly during the training session.

6. The family doctor - who encouraged the user to uptake the training program - continuously fosters his adherence to it.

7. The elderly performs his exercises at home or in group during his stay at the Elderly Centre.

8. System output

Through sensors, the system is measuring micro and macro movements and additional parameters (e.g. skin temperature and skin conductivity) to characterize the level of the user’s activity.

Accordingly, the system adapts the exercise program (type of exercises, intensity, duration, frequency).

Exercise programs include a set of muscle strengthening (to prevent loss of muscle mass), balance retraining exercises, walking plans, coordination exercises, etc.

Falls frequency and severity are monitored too.

Music, motivational messages, videos are used by the system to motivate the elderly and to make the training experience enjoyable.

9. Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach), WP 2.6 (Health Monitoring)


Activity coach

Health monitoring

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The system includes a set of wearable, unobtrusive sensors and a video terminal (a tablet PC possibly connected to the large screen of a TV set for better visualization) as a user interface.

The application could be residing in the personal device (local mode) or accessed through the Internet.


Tablet PC with touch screen or voice control, possibly connected to a larger screen (TV set) for better visualization.

A virtual keyboard allowing to input data.


Motion sensors including accelerometer detecting parameters that characterize the activity level. When possible sensors will be wearable and unobtrusive.



Activity coach Effectiveness in reducing the falls;

Adherence of the elderly to the exercises program;

General improvement of balance and coordination.


The service could be on an individual basis (at home) or group-based (e.g. at the Elderly Centre or in a Elderly Community).

The individual approach offers a better personalization of the service; the group-based experience – on the other side – fosters adherence, makes the experience more enjoyable and gives the additional benefit of increasing social contacts.


Step 1 – the user – encouraged by the family doctor, the physiotherapist and/ or the family members – likes to improve his physical status (muscle strength, coordination, balance, posture ,etc.) and to prevent or at least to reduce the risk of falls; he is willing to uptake a physical training program.

Step 2 – the system provides exercise programs tailored as much as possible to the specific elder’s needs and dynamically adapted to the evolving situation. It will continuously motivate the elder to foster adherence.


Static parameters: any static disability (adapted UI); user psychological profile (affecting the motivation /feedback approach of the system);


A. type, intensity, duration and frequency of the exercises adapted to the age, the ability and the clinical profile of the elderly (e.g. lower limb weakness, poor balance, slow reaction time, etc.).

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B. the feedback approach of the system will be adapted to the psychological profile of the elderly.

Dynamic parameters: target and exercise’s frequency and duration will progress over time. The system automatically sets goals and adapts the program on the basis of previous collected data and notification of new events.

Environmental parameters/context of use: the exercise program can be performed at home on an individual basis or outside in group (e.g. at the Elderly Center).



Reduction in the number of falls;

General health status improvement;

Adherence to the program by the user;

Easy accessibility to the service through Internet .


-



Secondary user (caregivers): easy in setting up the personal profile of the elderly and in keeping under control the system by assessing risk factors of an individual and by personalizing the exercise program.

Accessible UI for elderly


-

20. References -

21. Comments -

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5.6.2.5.- Fall and other accidents detection

SP2-25. Fall prevention and detection

1.Title

Fall Prevention and Detection

2.Context of use (aim) To detect an increased risk of falling, to interact with the user by encouraging him to rest and to call for help in case of a dangerous event (both at home or in mobile settings)

3.Primary actor Elderly (ages 65-75)



Family members



Service Centre


5.Connected UCs Health Monitoring UCs


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7.Scenario(s)

The elder wears the sensor(s) of his “fall prevention” device when getting up, switches on the mobile device and does not forget to keep it with him during all the day.

When the device is signalling a critical situation, the elder becomes conscious and he rests by following the mobile device’s advice.

A “bed occupancy sensor” tracks an abnormal event against the normal pattern of bed usage (time the elderly normally goes to bed, time he normally rises in the morning, time period that would be normal for him to leave the bed during the night).

In this way the system can detect and prevent the risk of falling at night time for instance while getting out of bed.

The elder feels more confident by knowing that in case os a falling, the device will call for help.

The family doctor gives inputs to the system related to the clinical profile of the elderly and it allows to accordingly adapt the system’s operation and feedback.

8.System output

Sensors are measuring performances that could cause the falling risk (knee extension strength, postural sway, sit-to-stand performance, ankle dorsiflexion strength, changes in the user’s walking patterns and speed, etc.).

In case of anomaly, the system gives an alert to the user (a short message on the mobile device) and encourages him to rest.

A sensor (e.g. a wrist unit, broche, a device hung around the neck) continuously monitors the position of the ankle and if the chip detects a roll that is greater than normal, the system send a help call to a list of predefined persons.

Measurements and events are stored locally for further analysis by a medical professional (e.g. the family doctor).

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach) , WP2.6 (Health Monitoring)

10.Services involved Activity coach

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The system includes a set of wearable, unobtrusive sensors and a mobile phone used as a user interface (visualization of alert and advices); it is sending an emergency call in case of a dangerous fall (no action by the system in case of a fall event with no resulting problem for the user).

Emergency call is sent to a person of a list authorized by the user (a family member, the GP, etc.).


Mobile phone


Motion sensors including accelerometer detecting parameters that could indicate a falling risk. When possible sensors will be wearable and unobtrusive.

Bed occupancy sensor: a pressure sensor under the mattress detects when the person is in bed and tracks exceptional events (e.g. a person does not get up in the morning, a person rises from bed during the night and does not return within the safe period).



Activity coach Effectiveness in preventing a risk situation;

Reliable assessment of a “dangerous” situation and prompt call for help.

Increased peace of mind both for the elderly and for the family.


While in a controlled environment (at home) additional information could be provided by monitoring the environment around the user, in a “mobile case” it becomes more difficult for the system to detect the context of the fall event and to be more effective in future preventive actions.


Step 1 – the user likes to feel confident in his movements and intends to use a device helping preventor at least reduce the risk of fall; moreover the user wants to be sure that someone will be called in case of a dangerous event.

Step 2 – the system detects risky situations (it checks if the user has recovered after a fall), warns the elderly and calls for help in case of emergency.


Static parameters: any static disability (adapted UI); user psychological profile (affecting the feedback approach of the system);

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A. normal walking patterns of the user, user’s habits, etc. The level of risk is defined on the basis of the deviation of the measured parameters against a “normal” set of values related to the specific user.

B. user psychological profile (affecting the feedback approach of the system);

Environmental parameters/context of use: the prevention approach could be more effective by knowing the context and the environment where the elderly lives. “Controlled environments” (e.g. home) will ensure a more effective action of the system.



Reduction in the number of falls;

Reduced false alarms,


-


Accessible user finterface.


Secondary user (caregivers): easy in setting up the personal profile of the elderly; easy in retrieving the measured data and the recorded events


-

20.References -

21.Comments -


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SP2-26. Feedback to the user

1.Title Feedback to the user


Data collected by the system and related to physical activity are presented to the elderly in a clear, appealing and exhaustive way.

Data are presented in real time and recorded.

3.Primary actor





Family members


5.Connected UCs Activity monitoring, Recognition of movements, characterization of the activity, monitoring of physical exercise


7.Scenario(s) The user wants to know the data related to his physical activity, how his body reacts to physical effort and the improvement achieved in health status and general wellbeing.

8.System output The system provides the information in the form of current data and trends.



Activity coach

Health monitoring



A mobile device (e.g. tablet PC, PDA, etc) or a desk top PC with its display


Motion sensors and physiological sensors



Activity coach Reliable data; ease of understanding


-


Step 1 – the user wants to know some data characterizing his physical activity and his performance during the execution of the physical exercise program

Step 2 – the system provides an exhaustive set of data (physical parameters, physiological parameters indicating how the user’s body reacts to the physical effort, etc.)


Static parameters: according to the user profile and to some default settings selected by the user

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Dynamic parameters: according to some specific requests of the user


Reliability and completeness of the provided feedback


Health Monitoring and all the previously described Activity Coach Use Cases


The UI must be accessible, while the information provided must be presented in a manner that is easy understandable by older people.


-

20.References -

21.Comments -


SP2-27. Feedback to the medical centre

1.Title To give feedback to the remote medical centre

2.Context of use (aim) Data related to the physical activity of the user are sent to a remote medical centre for further analysis and – when necessary – for the activation of appropriate intervention.

3.Primary actor





Service Centre


5.Connected UCs All the previously described Use Cases related to Activity Coach


7.Scenario(s) The user makes sure that his personal device is connected – through Internet – to the service provider

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8.System output The system ensures the transmission of the data to the remote medical centre



Activity coach

Health monitoring



Personal device (Tablet PC, mobile phone, etc.) connected via IP to the remote centre and wirelessly to the set of sensors


Motion sensors, physiological sensors, environmental sensors



Activity coach Quality of the Service , Data security and privacy, richness of provided information


Availability of a reliable (wireless) access to Internet


Step 1 – the user wants to send the data related to his physical activity to the remote Medical Centre

Step 2 – the system transmits the data to the Medical Centre by ensuring robust connection, security and privacy of the data and general Quality of Service.


Static parameters: User profile defining the data to be transmitted and their frequency.

Dynamic parameters: storing of the data in the local memory in case of no or weak connection with the remote centre


Robustness of the connection with the remote centre, data security and privacy


-


UI should be self-guiding for users that want to transmit data.


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-28. Warning

1.Title Warning

2.Context of use (aim) The system detects – through its sensors monitoring the elderly – that the user shows an anomalous walking pattern and warns him to rest in order to avoid the occurrence of a risky situation.




Family members



Service Centre



5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s) The user subscribes the service of Activity Monitoring and provides a list of persons to be called in case of emergency, by indicating for each of them cases when they have to be involved.

8.System output

The system monitors the activity of the elderly and his health status and when an anomalous motion pattern is identified it warns the elderly to rest. Only in case of degeneration of the crisis the system activates automatically an emergency call to a person included in a list previously agreed with the user.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.3 (Activity Coach) , WP 2.6 (Health Monitoring)

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Activity coach

Health monitoring



A mobile device (e.g. mobile phone, PDA) kept continuously switched on and in close proximity of the elderly


Motion sensors and physiological sensors;

The motion sensors allow to detect the walking pattern of the user and to identify anomalous characteristics compared to the normal walking pattern of the elderly



Activity coach Reliability of the solution and avoidance – as much as possible - of false alarms and tedious warning messages to the elderly when not needed

Health monitoring Accuracy of the measured parameters


Reliable identification of situations that could cause a risk for the elderly


The solution is certainly more difficult and challenging in an outdoor applications i.e. in a non controlled environment


Step 1 – the user wants to be sure that the system supports him in case of a critical situation; he wants to manage the situation himself by following the suggestions given by the system and only in case of being unable to do it the elderly accepts that an emergency call is sent to a person (a family member, his doctor, etc.) included in a list authorized by him.

Step 2 – the system monitors the elderly, identifies anomalous patterns in his movements, checks the elderly physiological parameters and give suitable advices.

In case of further deterioration of the situation the system provides to activate the emergency call.


Static parameters: User profile (medical profile and psychological profile)

Dynamic parameters: evolution of the elderly health status in concomitance with the critical episode detected by the system

Environmental parameters/context of use: possible environmental conditions that could be related to the status of the elderly and concur on the occurrence of the critical episode.


Reliability, reduced false alarms (sophisticated algorithms to assess the situation correctly)


Health Monitoring, Environmental Control

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It should be straightforward for the user how to activate an alarm.-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -


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5.6.3.- Category 3: Brain and skills trainer

5.6.3.1.- Specific cognitive training exercises and activities

SP2-29. Memory and mental exercises

1.Title Memory and mental exercises


To maintain the user’s memory and mental activities level through a set of personalized exercises.

This module of the Brain Trainer is foreseen to serve as a test paradigm with which assessments of the cognitive state of the user can be performed in order to:

• Get baseline values before the training modules are used

• Get an objective measurement for effectiveness and efficiency of the user´s training

• Get the necessary input for the adaptation of the training module and the scaling of the cognitive clues (re-iterative adaptation loop)

Furthermore this module will serve as a training paradigm for complex cognitive functioning, targeting integrated neuropsychological constructs like wayfinding, shopping, use of public transportation, planning of activities of daily life, etc.

Lastly this module will serve as an edutainment device, by offering small (taking only a few minutes for each training loop) cognitive training exercises that can be done even “on the run”, for example while riding a bus or sitting in a waiting area. This specific application will be more playful in design, rewarding the user with instant feedback (for example by gaining points for giving the right answers within a certain time frame, etc.) in order to keep user motivation high to continue using the device.

3.Primary actor





Family members


Service Centre

Leisure and re-creation service providers

Infotainment service providers

5.Connected UCs SP2-30

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7.Scenario(s)

-For using the module as a test paradigm the user has to have access to specific instructions (manual, on screen guidance, professionally guided test, etc.) depending on the context of use.

For example it will make a certain difference whether tests are done as baseline for individualized training or as part of a professional cognitive assessment in a health/medical context.

- For using the module as a training paradigm the user will have to give some basic input to the system from which the module itself concludes which would be the appropriate starting levels in terms of difficulty and complexity.

The user has to have the chance to override this system suggestion by manual input.

-For the edutainment module the user has to do nothing specific with the exception of turning the device on.

8.System output

Test paradigm: The system will present the test paradigm, store and process the user input data and provide feedback in form of a textual and graphical summary or the test results together with a recommendation concerning the next steps (e.g. suggesting a certain training program with a specific frequency of use, etc.).

Should the user agree to this (privacy issue!) a user profile will be stored in order to make individual system calibration easier for any future sessions.

Training paradigm: The system will offer an initial set of input requests from which it will deduct a recommendation of training complexity and difficulty. Upon user acceptance or change of this recommendation training will start, user input will be stored and processed, at the end of the training session the system will provide information on outcome of the training session, comparison with earlier sessions and give adapted recommendation(s) concerning the next training steps. User profile as described above.

Edutainment module: This module will work like a small Nintendo game gadgets. Upon user (inter)action it provides instant feedback (sound and sights), counting points up for right answers, providing bonus points for answering faster than the predefined time frame, etc. At the end of the “game” the system will give feedback and advice in a more playful way in order not to “scare people away” by virtually lecturing to them




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Test and training paradigm : PC, TV would be ideal, PDA and smartphones might be to small for presenting the graphical details needed in a user friendly way

Edutainment module : Can be used on PC and TV, would be ideal for PDAs and Smartphones, though. Even manufacturing it separately as a small, standalone, cheap electronic gadget could be considered.



Brain and Skills trainer -Configuration options provided(personalization, pause, level of difficulty, etc)

-The system must store and analyze the information about the user’s performance and evolution

-Critical will be the definition of the system´s reiterative adaptation loops based on user input, results of test/training sessions and user profiles.


-


Step 1-The system offers the user a set of possible activities (exercises) to exercise his memory and mental activities level

Step 2-The user selects one of the activities

Step 3-The system offers the user configuration options to adapt the exercise to his preferences

Step 4-The user personalizes the exercise

Step 5-The user performs the activity

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Step 6-The system acquires the information about the user’s performance, and analyzes it.

Step 7-The system, based on the acquired information, elaborates/modifies the training plan.


Static parameters: user group, user profile

Semi-dynamic parameters: Individual, partially pre-defined training schemes

Dynamic parameters: user input while modules are running

Environmental parameters/context of use: Edutainment module can be used virtually everywhere while the test and training module will be more stationary, e.g. at home, on a PC, in an office, etc.


Reliability and validity of testing procedures and outcomes

Effectiveness and efficiency of training procedures

User acceptance overall and for specific sub-categories like usability, presentation of information, etc.


Input from Activity Coach service: An activity is more or less quite similar every day for the elderly. However, as age progresses, they might start forgetting certain daily routine activities. This problem could be monitored (SP2-16,17) and then reduced with specific memory exercises (SP2-29).

Input from Social Communities Platform service: A user might start having problems in using social communities platform (e.g. problems remembering names of friends or phone numbers). These problems could be monitored (e.g. SP2-40) and based on the feedback received, SP2-29 would propose to the user specific memory exercises.

Input from Environmental Control service: If the system detects through the environmental control module (SP2-60) that the older person is on a regular basis forgetting to close e.g. lights, heating, or the gas fire, this might indicate an increasing degree of memory problem. In that case, apart from automatically control the status of home devices (SP2-60), that will ensure safety and security, the memory and skills module (SP2-29) would be activated, focusing on those exercises that aim at improving memory skills.

Input from Smart Workplaces (SP3): An older person might display confusion in organizing daily tasks (SP3-34). The system, that is tracking the user’s accomplishments, detects this problem and informs the Brain and skills trainer to assure that the user’s memory skills are maintained (SP2-29).


Use of the system will be restricted or not possible for people with

Severely impaired eye-sight

Cognitive level of functioning that is worse than what is clinically called a “middle cognitive impairment”

The UI must be fully accessible.


Generally speaking the development of the age distribution as well as the constantly increasing life expectancy within the EU clearly call for cost-effective, easy to use (self-administered) and effective measures to keep elderly peoples level of cognitive functioning as high as possible for periods of time as long as possible.

This approach will ensure to keep them out of all sorts of dependent forms of living for as long as possible , which considerable

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benefit in terms of health public expenditure. Since foundation(s) of this process are laid in the early years of adolescence / youth there is a need for attracting already the young to the process of keeping the brain occupied and trained with complex cognitive tasks – this is where the edutainment gadget aims at.

20.References

21.Comments


SP2-30. Training plan

1.Title Training plan

2.Context of use (aim) The training plan complements the cognitive training module. It helps the user to organise the specific training exercises and activities that he should perform in order to improve the results and maintain his mental activity level.

3.Primary actor





Family members



Service Centre




5.Connected UCs SP2-29, SP2-34, SP3-35

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7.Scenario(s) When the user finishes the training activities, the system analyses the results and updates the training plan for the following days.

8.System output The system provides the user with an organization of possible cognitive exercises and activities according to the results of previous activities performed by the user and in a format fitting the user profile (accessible UI).


10.Services involved Brain and Skills trainer



PC, TV would be ideal, PDA and smartphones can also be used.



Brain and Skills trainer Definition of the system’s reiterative adaptation loops based on user input, results of test/training sessions and user profiles



Step 1-The system, based on the results of the user’s cognitive activities and the user profile, creates a training plan

Step 2-The system presents the training plan to the user

Step 3-The user follows the training plan selecting the activities proposed by the system


Static parameters: user profile.

Semi-dynamic parameters: results from the cognitive training of the user


Effectiveness and efficiency of training procedures

User acceptance of the training plan


Input from memory and mental exercises/improving skills in daily activities, to elaborate the training plan according to the user’s needs.


UI must be fully accessible


20.References

21.Comments

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Training plan

The system, based on the results of

the user’s cognitive activities and

the user profile, creates a

training plan

The system presents the

training plan to the

user

The user follows the training

plan selecting the activities

proposed by the system

*

* *

*

* **

*

OASIS user

Elderly

Family members, informal/formal care givers,

Service centre,Health care and emergency

support service providers, Leisure and re-

creation service providers, infotainment

service providers

«extends»«extends»


5.6.3.2.- Stress Management exercises

SP2-31. Measurement of stress level

1.Title Measurement of stress level


The aim is to determine and evaluate the stress level of the users, taking into account their exposition to stressors (environmental, social, inter and intraindividual factors), the current stress level( subjective evaluation of the stressors), and possible risks in the future due to the actual situation.

3.Primary actor





Family members


Formal care-givers( both inpatient and outpatient)

Service Centre




5.Connected UCs SP2-32, SP2-33


7.Scenario(s)

The user is feeling lonely, has health problems too, and for that reason, he is starting to feel stressed. He wants to solve this problem, and joins the Stress Management service.

The first step is to determine his stress level. For this purpose the user needs to fill a questionnaire that assesses the factors that have influence on his stress and feelings about the situation.

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8.System output

The system will ask for basic information needed for an individual user profile. It will present a stress level questionnaire in order to rate the user´s exposition to stressors, actual stress level and future exposition to stress and stressors.

Finally, when given the information, it analyzes all the data to determine the stress level of the user.






PC, TV, PDA, smartphone or as stand-alone electronic gadget. The integrated version including the stress management sensorial system coming from WP3.4 might be restricted to PC systems or TV screens.


Psychophysiological sensors needed from A3.4.3 for the fully integrated version of this module



Brain and Skills trainer -The questionnaire must be simple and personalized, based on the user’s profile.



Step 1-The user links to the Stress management service

Step 2-The system presents a personalized questionnaire to assess the diverse factors that affect his stress situation

Step 3-The user completes the questionnaire

Step 4-The system analyzes the information, determines the level of stress of the user and asks him to give an opinion on the results (agree or not with the results)


Static parameters: user profile (health, psychology, etc), user group.

Semi-dynamic parameters: user habits (social, inter and intra-individual factors), individual, partially pre-defined stress reduction schemes, intra-individual variability of subjectively felt stress levels, externally induced stress (other people, working habits, environment, etc.)

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Dynamic parameters: user input while modules are running, output of sensing in integrated system

Environmental parameters/context of use: Integrated system with use of sensors might be restricted to(semi-)professional environment


Reliability and validity of testing procedures and outcomes

User acceptance overall and for specific sub-categories like usability, presentation of information, etc.


• Severely impaired eye-sight

• Cognitive level of functioning that is worse than what is clinically called a “middle cognitive impairment


- Nutritional Advisor and Activity Coach services (e.g. no involvement in any activities, or lack of eating could indicate stress or depression issues)

- Health monitoring service: stress levels could be measured in the context of daily health monitoring under SP2-48, and could then also be directly connected to SP2-31 where the stress level can be measured. Subsequently SP2-32 would be activated to suggest exercises to reduce this stress.

- Driver comfort support (SP3) service: A driver might become easily stressed in certain environments, or because of the fact that he is stressed as such, even before he got in the car (SP3-26). In that case, the system should assess the user’s stress level (SP2-31) and subsequently start suggesting him specific exercises to reduce this stress (SP2-32). A follow up should be ensured then before the person uses the car again (SP2-33).



• Severely impaired eye-sight

• Cognitive level of functioning that is worse than what is clinically called a “middle cognitive impairment”

UI must be fully accessible.


20.References

21.Comments

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SP2-32. Stress reduction exercises

1.Title Stress reduction exercises

2.Context of use (aim) The objective is to provide the user with an interactive, adaptable and scalable stress reduction program for immediate stress reduction and relief.

3.Primary actor





Family members



Service Centre






7.Scenario(s) The user needs to reduce his stress situation, so he links to this service to follow a program of exercises that are targeted to reduce stress..

8.System output System will present individualized stress reduction program. This program will be interactive, adaptable and scalable.

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System will sum up results of questionnaire (including recommendation for next steps) and results of stress reduction program session (including comparison with earlier sessions, actual results and recommendation for next steps)






PC, TV, PDA, smartphone or as stand-alone electronic gadget. The integrated version including the stress management sensorial system coming from WP3.4 might be restricted to PC systems or TV screens


Psychophysiological sensors needed from A3.4.3 for the fully integrated version of this module



Brain and Skills trainer The suitability of the input information (from other OASIS services) about the user to adapt the program to him.



Step 1 –The user connects to the service

Step 2- The system identifies the user, and, presents him a personalized stress reduction program, which consists of a set of guidelines and exercises to help him reduce his stress

Step 3-The user (can) modify this program, adapting it to his needs and wants.


Static parameters: user profile, user group

Semi-dynamic parameters: user habits in relation to his daily activities


Reduction of the stress level of the user

Adherence of the user to the program


Based on the user’s stress level measurement (SP2-31), the system should start suggesting specific exercises to reduce this stress (SP2-32).




20.References

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21.Comments


SP2-33. Education for stress management

1.Title Education for stress management


This use case aims at providing the user with information about proactive stress management techniques: level of complexity, duration, frequency of repetition dependent on results of “Measurement of stress level” questionnaire.

3.Primary actor





Service Centre





7.Scenario(s) The user wants to know more about how to manage the stress. He uses this service to find personalized information related to proactive stress management techniques.

8.System output

The system selects information about stress management techniques and, based on the data collected in “Measurement of stress level” questionnaire, personalizes the data to present the adequate guides to the user.



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PC, TV, PDA, smartphone…



Brain and Skills trainer Level of personalization and usefulness of the information presented to the user.


-


Step 1.The user wants information about how to manage stress

Step 2. The user uses this service to obtain the information. With the user interaction device, the user access the service

Step 3. The system gets user’s specific data from the “Measurement of the stress level” module

Step 4. Based on the data obtained, the system selects the most adequate information for this user, and presents it.




User compliance with the application (usability, presentation of the information, usefulness of the information provided, etc)


“Measurement of stress level” information to elaborate the educational module.




20.References

21.Comments

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Education for

stress management

The user wants

information about how to manage

stress

The user access this

service to obtain the

information.

The system gets user's

specific data from the Measurement of

stress level module

Based on the data obtained, the

system selects the most adequate

information for this user, and presents

it

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

OASIS user

Elderly

Service centre, Leisure and re-creation service

providers, infotainment service providers



5.6.3.3.- Daily activities simulation

SP2-34. Improving skills in daily activities (preparing the meal shopping, transport and buying tickets)

1.Title Improving skills in daily activities

2.Context of use (aim) To improve the user’s skills in daily activities (shopping, transport, travelling, and many situations where he could feel frightened) immersing him in different simulated scenarios.

3.Primary actor





Family members



Service Centre


5.Connected UCs SP2- 30,SP2-35 (the user is trained based on a detailed plan and schedule)


7.Scenario(s) -The user makes a virtual (simulated) shopping list, using a computer game, that advices him about how to do it right.

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-The user is guided through different simulated exercises in the computer, to buy a bus ticket, choose the correct bus line, get off the bus at the correct stop, etc.

8.System output

The system acquires information about the actual neuropsychological performance and functioning of the user through different tasks. The outcome serves as a baseline for a specific training plan. The training itself has different difficulty levels, which can be adapted to the individual performance level to create effective training.






TV, PC, 3D based multimedia interaction systems.



Brain and Skills trainer -Configuration options provided (personalization, pause, level of difficulty, etc)

-Similarity of the exercises to real situations

-The system must store and analyze the information about the user’s performance and evolution



Step 1-The system offers the user a set of possible activities (exercises) to practice daily life activities

Step 2-The user selects one of the activities

Step 3-The system offers the user configuration options to adapt the exercise to the user’s preferences

Step 4-The user personalizes the exercise

Step 5-The user performs the activity

Step 6-The system, depending on the activity, provides guidelines to the user and gives him feedback about his performance

Step 7-The system acquires the information about the user’s performance, and analyzes it.

Step 8-The system, based on the acquired information, elaborates/modifies the training plan.



Semi-dynamic parameters: user’s neuropsychological data

Dynamic parameters: user preferences, user habits in relation to daily activities

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Adherence of the user to the program

Improvement of the user’s skills in daily activities


Input from other OASIS services related to the user’s daily activities, and also related to medical profile, e.g.:

-Nutritional Advisor: The shopping and cooking assistant (SP2-9 till SP2-15) could on the one hand be easy to use for elderly, but on the other hand could also be a real burden for older people to use. All depends on the individual skills. These could be assessed (does the user often have to correct entries, or often uses the help functionality), after which the user could be suggested to use the improvement skill exercises (SP2-34), and followed up by SP2-35.

- Transport Information Services and Route guidance (SP3): The system can detect possible problems that the user experiences when using transport (SP3-1-SP3-16) and inform the brain and skills trainer. Based on this information, SP2-34 would be activated to provide additional training to the user.


UI must be fully accessible.


20.References

21.Comments

Improving skills in

daily activities

The system offers the user a set

of possible activities

(exercises) to practice daily life activities

The user selects one

of the activities

The system offers the user

configuration options to adapt the

exercise to the user's prefrences

The system, depending on the

activity, provides guidelines to the user

and gives him feedback about his

performance

The system acquires the

information about the user's

performance, and analyzes it

* *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The system, based on the

acquired information,

elaborates/modifies the training plan

The user

personalizes the exercise

The user performs

the activity*

*

«extends»

* *

OASIS user

Elderly

Family members, informal/formal care givers,

service centre, elderly associations



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SP2-35. Training reminder

1.Title Training reminder

2.Context of use (aim) The aim of this use case is to trigger reminders to the user to continue with the memory/mental exercises and the daily activities simulation

3.Primary actor





Family members


Service Centre


5.Connected UCs SP2-29, SP2-30,SP2-34


7.Scenario(s)

-The system reminds the user according to the training plan schedule

-The system reminds the user if he does not log in for a period of time

-The system calculates the proper time to remind the user based on the results of the activities performed

8.System output The system gives the user a notification information with sound, a message on the PC, TV or mobile phone






PC, TV, PDA, mobile phone



Brain and Skills trainer Non-interruptive notification.

Encourage the user to follow the plan


-


Step1-The system has access to the user’s historical data about his training progress.

Step2-Either by schedule or by time, the training reminder service recognizes the time point to make a notification

Step3-The system triggers the reminder by messages or sound and vibration on mobile phone.

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Step4- The user checks the reminder

Step5-The system updates the schedule of reminders

Extension 3a- The system keeps reminding the user until he checks the reminder


Static parameters: static user profile,

Semi-dynamic parameters: user group

Dynamic parameters: preferred training tasks, interests, needs and plan progress


User acceptance of the application


Training plan


Accessible UI so that elderly understand the reminder message.


20.References

21.Comments

Training reminder

The system has access to the

user’s historical data about

his training progress

Either by schedule or by time, the

training reminder service

recognizes the time point to make a

notification

The system triggers the

reminder by messages or sound and

vibration on mobile phone

The user checks

the reminder

*

*

The system updates the

schedule of reminders

**

The system keeps reminding

the user until he checks

the reminder

*

*

**

*

*

«extends»

OASIS user

Elderly

Family members, informal care givers, service

centre, telematic service providers



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5.6.4.- Category 4: Social communities platform

5.6.4.1.- Enhanced Web Experience

SP2-36. Experience and competence sharing

1.Title Experience and competence sharing


After work life social networks change dramatically and the connections for colleagues are in transition. Without work routines the user is willing to create new routines for organizing his/her life. After work life, 50+ people will have to create new social networks outside the working sphere.

The user acknowledges the opportunity to find out new social networks either from their past connections or from the new networks, and to be an active participant in the community

The user is willing to participate and impact on society, by exploiting their experience and competence.









Policy makers

5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

The user wake-ups in the morning as usual for about 40 years.

He has changed the stressing working life for a retired daily schedule, with routines that he follows each day.

One of the weekly tasks is to go to University, to provide tuition for the post-graduate students.

He uses Internet to find information about “what is going on” in the business he was in before.

He still doesn’t feel comfortable with the e-learning tools available from the on-line University, and prefers to work with local files on his laptop.

He is happy achieving something personally significant.

For some questions, he needs to be in touch with previous colleagues who give additional information for the lessons he gives.

8.System output

-The system gives easy information about colleagues’ phone list and other personal information.

- The system allows an intuitive daily planning of personal time, which in some cases can guide the user using multimedia capacities (voice, images, etc).

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- The system presents easy GUI for the information sharing and e-learning activities, and interactive and adaptable user’s help.

- The system supports the user working at home or from different connection sites.

- The system supports the user looking for information on the Internet.


10.Services involved Social communities platform



The user will have access by all types of OASIS devices (normal PC, mobile PC, TV screen, PDA, mobile phone…)



Social communities platform The system receives requests from the user, performs the correspondent action within 2 seconds and gives feedback to the user once it has been completed.



Step 1 – the user requests information about colleagues (static o dynamic).

Step 2 – the system shows it in the corresponding device with specific format depending on the information’s nature.

Step 3 – the user requests to store information about planned tasks, colleagues, and notes or related to the previously showed.

Step 4 – the system stores information on the user’s device.

Step 5 – the system support synchronization of agendas and other user’s information from different devices.

Step 6 – the system includes standard user guides for consulting.


Static parameters: any static disability (e.g. deaf/hard of hearing � adapted UI), centralized information (e.g. students expedient, library references), format for presenting information.

Dynamic parameters: colleagues’ phone list and personal agenda, social networks either from their past connections or from the new networks.

Environmental parameters/context of use: synchronization of agendas and other user’s information from different devices.



18.Important accessibility attributes (per UG) -

19.Background info/ reason on selection and on -

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assigning the priority level

20.References -

21.Comments -


SP2-37. Feeling secure (Collective security feeling)

1.Title Feeling secure


The main aim of the UC is to support the user in feeling secure when using the social communities. In this respect, the user can rely on certain social communities when he or she wants to feel more secure about something (making the right decision, asking directly for help, my mates know where I am…).

3.Primary actor





Family members





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5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

I want to do something. Is there any problem doing that? I can ask my community-mates.

I am physically going to a different place. Can I have some support from any member of my communities?

I feel something wrong/strange/different is happening by me. I can ask for help.

8.System output The user establishes the contact he thinks is the right one.

The user receives the support he needs, from the community.



Social communities platform



All devices used for getting in touch with the social communities (mainly PCs, laptops, PDAs, mobile phones)



Social communities platform The person receives the support he needs. Therefore the person feels secure about what he is doing or about what is happening around him.



Step 1: The person logs on the “trusted community”.

Step 2: The person gets in touch with the “right person”.

Step 3: The person receives the support he needs, from the community.


Static parameters: any static disability (e.g. deaf/hard of hearing � adapted UI), centralized information (personal social communities), personal statics (rules for interacting with members at communities, static profile…), format for presenting information.

Semi-dynamic parameters: social communities in which the user acts as an active member, personal security options (ways in which the user feels secure under different circumstances, each person feels secure in very different manners. This UC is very personal and the response from the social community should be always dependent on the person who is “asking for security”.), system responses to security-related cases.

Environmental parameters/context of use: user security feelings in relation to local aspects (security options related to the geographical position of the user, changing when the user commutes).


-

17.Potential input from -

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other UCs


-


Although this UC depends a lot on each person, the way of implementing it is very simple. It is important to understand what people need to feel secure.

Trusted communities must be identified. The user himself will rate them as reliable. One example could be the “family community” or “my (ex)work colleagues community”, among others.

20..References -

21.Comments -


5.6.4.2.- Collaborative Web Experience

SP2-38. Personal behaviour extraction

1.Title Personal behaviour


The main aim of the UC is to detect systematic behaviour patterns of members in making use of social communities. (The system detects the values that define the personal behaviour based on the use of social communities )

3.Primary actor




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Family members




5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

I do not log on my usual communities for some time. Is there any problem?

I do not contact my usual community-mates. Is there any problem?

I explain my “problem” to my community-mates.

8.System output The system uses defined parameters to identify personal behaviours for elderly people depending on the activities managed using social communities.




Health monitoring






Social communities platform The system / members of the communities detect odd behaviours and contact the right recipient.

Health monitoring The problem of the user is solved or at least detected.


-


Step 1: The system detects the values that define the personal behaviour based on the use of social communities.

Step 2: The system has a number of patterns to which it can compare any detected pattern of use.



Semi-dynamic parameters: social communities in which the user acts as an active member, personal habits and behaviours (user patterns), system responses to odd patterns.

Dynamic parameters:

Environmental parameters/context of use: user habits in relation to local

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aspects (patterns related to the geographical position of the user, changing when the user commutes).


-


-


-


Difficult and subjective use case. It depends too much on individual factors, so, in principle, it is very difficult to establish the necessary patterns.

20.References -

21.Comments -


SP2-39. Matching behaviour

1.Title Matching behaviour


The personal behaviour of members identified in making use of social communities (SP2-38) are compared with specific patterns, in order to identify those reflecting strange or “different” conducts. When such odd cases are detected, the system should try to help the user overcome the problems related to such weird behaviours.

3.Primary actor





Family members




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5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)




8.System output The system compares behaviours and detects odd patterns.




Health monitoring


11.a.User Interaction devices & restrictions







-

14.Interaction level Step 1: The system/mate identifies an odd pattern.




Environmental parameters/context of use: user habits in relation to local aspects (patterns related to the geographical position of the user, changing when the user commutes).


-


-


-


Difficult and subjective use case. It depends too much on each person, so, in principle, it is very difficult to establish the necessary patterns. Probably it is easier if we just rely on the community-mates.

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20.References -

21.Comments -


SP2-40. Alarm in case of no match or strange behavioural pattern

1.Title Alarm in case of no match or strange behavioural pattern

2. Context of use (aim) When strange or “different” conducts in personal behaviour are detected, the system triggers and alarm to warn a family member, a care giver, etc.

3.Primary actor





Family members




5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)




8.System output

Depending on the conversations, a community-mate warns the person or the family or the formal care-givers or the health system.

Depending on the pattern, the system warns the person or the family or the formal care-givers or the health system.




Health monitoring

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-


Step 1: The system/mate identifies an odd pattern.

Step 2: The system/mate warns the right recipient.

Step 3: The recipient acts consequently.




Dynamic parameters:

Environmental parameters/context of use: user habits in relation to local aspects (patterns related to the geographical position of the user, changing when the user commutes).


-


-


-


Difficult and subjective use case. It depends too much on individual factors, so, in principle, it is very difficult to establish the necessary patterns. Probably it is easier if we just rely on the community-mates.

20.References -

21.Comments -

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5.6.4.3.- E-learning and Infotainment Environments

SP2-41. Connected family and friends

1.Title Connected Family and Friends


To provide information about how close people (family and friends) are doing to the user. Easy tools that extend the existing means for staying in touch (phone, letters, e-mail) as well as means for more efficient group communication.

3.Primary actor





Family members




5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

A friend is calling by landline phone for arranging to meet this weekend.

This friend knows what time to reach the user at home.

They plan a meeting in the city centre.

They use the mobile to find each other in crowded places or in case of misunderstanding.

He picks up their grandchildren at school and gives them a snack. He needs to remember their daily plan for sports and extra-class.

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He uses the email to receive some pictures from family, although he has problems in opening the corresponding files.

8.System output

-The system gives easy information about family and friends phone list and agenda (own and various needs, for example grandchildren’s).

- The system allows sharing the agenda among users in the same communities.

- The system presents maps in order to find and remember the location.

- The system allows personal location using the mobile.

- The system presents easy guided, interactive and adaptable user’s help in order to use each functionality.











Step 1 – the user requests information about family and friends (static or dynamic).


Step 3 – the system finds information on other people’s devices or centralized systems.

Step 4 – the user requests to store information about family and friends, notes or related to the previously showed.


Step 6 – the system includes standard user guides for consulting.

Step 7 – the system shows where close people are going (GPS tracking).


- Static parameters: any static disability (e.g. deaf/hard of hearing � adapted UI), centralized information (e.g. maps, user’s guides), format for presenting information.

- Dynamic parameters: friends and family phone list and agenda, people’s location.

- Environmental parameters/context of use: when the user is moving the

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system may suggest the shortest way to get to a specific location.




-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -


SP2-42. Travelling partner

1.Title Travelling partner


The main aim of the UC is to provide the user with support when travelling out of his natural and usual environment. The system should identify the new environment and propose to the user new geographically based social communities in line with his interests and preferences.



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5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

I am travelling abroad, I am interested in finding people within my interests in the new place.

I am travelling with some colleagues. We would like to make use of a social community only while we are in such new place.

I am travelling abroad, I would like to join some local communities to learn something new.

8.System output

The system knows my interests and preferences.

The system detects when I am in a new different place.

The user receives two complementary sets of social communities, one related to my interests and one related to my new place.



Activity coach







Activity coach Local activities are proposed to the user.

Social communities platform The right sets of communities are proposed to the user.


The system detects my new context and proposes geographically based communities.



Step 1: The system has a clear picture of the interests of each user.

Step 2: The system automatically detects the new context.

Step 3: The system proposes new communities (both interests- and context-based).

Step 4: The user logs on new social communities when travelling.

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Semi-dynamic parameters: social communities in which the user acts as an active member, personal interests and preferences.

Environmental parameters/context of use: the system is absolutely dependent on the personal context. (new local position implies new local communities, new local activities…).


-


-


-


Such a UC is a good complement of the user when travelling abroad. The priority level is “secondary”.

20.References -

21.Comments

-

Travelling partner

System has a clear

picture of the interests of each

user

System automatically

detects the new context

System proposes new

communities (both interest-and

context-based)

User logs on new social

communities when

travelling

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

*

Elderly

Leisure and recreation service providers,

Infotainment service providers, Elderly

associations

OASIS user



5.6.4.4.- Recreation for the elderly

SP2-43. Leisure and social activity co-creation

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1.Title Leisure and social activity co-creation


Co-Planning of own time, the users are willing to create social activities to certain location and time, considering mobile user needs and the new technologies capabilities. To show information about occasional events, social networking, informal/ formal networks, leisure clubs and associations, allowing search on the move.

3.Primary actor





Family members





5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

The user is involved in a NGO network helping people at risk of social exclusion.

The user travels to the centre using public transportation.

The user checks the email and agenda for project team coordination.

The user prepares next month’s meeting, and needs to prepare statistic information of immigrant people in the city, information on quality and utility of available services, and needs for new ones.

The user needs Internet searching tools and access to related community networks to collect experiences.

Some information has to be gathered by phone/personal interviews to immigrant and other associations.

He will probably need to travel to a close city because they already have a social centre running for one year.

8.System output

-The system allows mobile user access to social activities depending on contextual information like location and time.

- The system presents static information about occasional events, social networking, informal/ formal networks, leisure clubs and associations.

- The system allows sharing the agenda among users in the same working teams.

- The system allows video conference and other communication systems for personal interviews.

- The system respond to communication needs to retain and increase social networks.

- The system includes travelling utilities for the user to prepare himself/herself for a trip by searching information about the destination.

- The system facilitates the user daily tasks so that people can decide on these by themselves.

- If they arrive from somewhere else when traveling, the system should support the user to feel comfortable with the new situation and environment.


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Step 1 – the user requests information about social activities depending on contextual information like location and time (static o dynamic).


Step 3 – the system finds information on centralized systems about occasional events, social networking, informal/ formal networks, leisure clubs and associations.


Step 5 – The system allows video conference and other personal communication systems for social contacts with other elderly, caretaker, family and friends.


Static parameters: any static disability (e.g. deaf/hard of hearing � adapted UI), centralized information (e.g. occasional events, social networking, informal/ formal networks, leisure clubs and associations), format for presenting information.

Dynamic parameters: sharing the agenda among users in the same working teams; travelling utilities for the user to prepare himself/herself for a trip; when travelling support the user to feel comfortable with the new situation and environment.

Environmental parameters/context of use: social activities depending on contextual information like location and time.




-

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-

20.References -

21.Comments -


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5.6.5.- Category 5: Health monitoring

5.6.5.1.- Health profile definition and personalisation

SP2-44. Create the health profile implicitly

1.Title Create the health profile implicitly


The objective of this use case is to automatically collect info related to the user’s health status, in order to keep the health profile up-to-date. The data is obtained from other applications in the system (e.g. vital signs monitoring, recording activity).

3.Primary actor






Service Centre


5.Connected UCs SP2-47, SP2-48, SP2-50, SP2-51, SP2-52, SP2-53


7.Scenario(s) -The system updates the elder’s health profile with information obtained from other applications (e.g. Vital signs monitoring)

8.System output -The system adds or modifies information on the elder’s health profile



Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach


Health monitoring





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Health monitoring Time between updates

Suitability of the information selected to update the health profile


-


Step 1 –The system automatically obtains data from an application (e.g. vital signs monitoring)

Step 2 – The system updates the elder’s health profile with the information obtained.


No


Time between updates must be appropriate in order to maintain a reliable and useful health profile

The health profile must be updated only when relevant data is obtained from other applications


-Health and activity measurements

-Nutritional habits

-Results from Brain and skills trainer activities??


-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

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Create the health

profile implicitly

The system automatically

obtains data from a service (e.g.

vital signs monitoring)


elder's health profile with the

information obtained

*

*

*

*

*

*

Elderly

Public/private social security service providers

and insurance companies, service centre,

health and emergency support service providers

OASIS user«extends»

«extends»


SP2-45. Create the health profile explicitly

1.Title Create the health profile explicitly

2.Context of use (aim) The user answers some questions related to his health status/health history to help the system create and complete the health profile

3.Primary actor





Family members



Formal care-givers

5.Connected UCs SP2-44,SP2-46


7.Scenario(s) -The system asks the elder person to answer some questions in order to complete his health profile.

8.System output -The system adds or modifies the health profile with the information obtained from the elder’s answers.



Health monitoring

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PC, PDA, tablet PC, Interactive TV



Health monitoring

-Only relevant questions

-Short questionnaire

-Only if necessary; not periodic questionnaires


-


Step 1 –The user is required to answer some questions about his health status/history to complete the profile.

Step 2 – the user answers the questions.

Step 3- The system completes the user’s profile with the information obtained from the questions.


Static parameters: user medical profile, user group, any static disability

Dynamic parameters: user’s health status


-


This use case is related to sp2-44 use case “collect info implicitly”; the system should trigger a questionnaire only if there is relevant info missing in the health profile that the user can fulfill

An updating should be considered here as well as the profile can be created, edited and deleted.


-


This use case is essential since the user’s health profile and the information it contains is critical for WP2.6

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-46. Health profile input by the medical doctor

1.Title Health profile input by the medical doctor

2.Context of use (aim) The medical doctor creates and modifies the user’s health profile

3.Primary actor Medical Doctor




5.Connected UCs SP2-44,SP2-45


7.Scenario(s) The medical doctor wants to create or edit the health profile of the user.

8.System output The system updates the health profile of the user with the information entered by the medical doctor


10.Services involved Health monitoring



PC, Laptop, tablet PC

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Health monitoring


-


Step 1 – the medical doctor starts the application

Step 2 – the system shows the medical doctor the list of patients (users)

Step 3- the doctor selects the patient

Step 4-The doctor enters the information on the health profile of the user

Step 5- The system updates the user’s health profile


No


-


-


-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

Health profile input

by the medical doctor

The medical doctor

starts the service

The system shows the

medical doctor the list of

patients (users)

The doctor selects

the patient

The doctor enters the

information on the health profile

of the user


user's health profile

**

*

*

*

*

*

*

* **

*

Elderly Formal care-givers, Health care and emergency

support service providers

OASIS user«extends» «extends»


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5.6.5.2.- Health remote monitoring

SP2-47. Recording activity

1.Title Recording Activity


The system records details of daily activities performed by the user (while at home or outdoor). This includes parameters like: level of activity, steps, heart rate, etc. The system generates reports about the data collected and sends them to the doctor’s patient follow-up system.

3.Primary actor







Service Centre



5.Connected UCs SP2-44-


7.Scenario(s)

1. The user goes out for a walk with his mobile phone. During the walk the system registers his level of activity, steps, pace, heart rate and when he returns home, a report of his activity is generated and stored in the system.

2. While the user is at home, the system registers some measurements (e.g. weight), periods of inactivity… with the home environment sensors.

8.System output The system records some details of the activities performed by the user, stores the data, and sends it to the doctor’s patient follow-up system.



Health monitoring



-smart phone

-GPRS/UMTS/ Bluetooth wireless device

-PC/PDA…


-Intelligent biomedical clothes

-Environmental sensors to acquire data inside home

-Mobile device with GPS antenna or pedometer, in order to record the user’s activity

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Health monitoring Efficiency and reliability of data acquisition.

Interoperability between devices


Outdoors-indoors


1. The user takes with him the activity recorder (special device or sensor that acquires data related to the user’s daily activity).

2. The system records the user’s activity.

3. The system stores the data acquired, processes it, and prepares a report.

4. The system sends the report to the doctor.


Environmental parameters/context of use: indoors-outdoors


Unobtrusiveness and user’s compliance with the system (if possible, use sensors that could be easily equipped in people’s daily clothing)

Accuracy in data acquisition

Security/confidentiality in data transfer




20.References

21.Comments

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SP2-48. Vital signs monitoring (body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure…)

1.Title Vital Signs Monitoring


The system triggers the user to take some measurements of his vital signs while at home. It selects the signs to be measured, checks that the measurements are taken correctly, and provides feedback to the user. Finally, the system stores the data and sends it to the doctor’s patient follow-up system.

3.Primary actor







Service Centre




7.Scenario(s) 1. The user gets up in the morning and is asked to take some measurements to monitor his health status.

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2. The system decides it’s time for the user to control his blood pressure.

3. The doctor wants the user to measure his SPO2. The system asks the user to do so.

8.System output

-The system checks the user profile and selects the vital signs to be monitored.

-The system guides the user about how to put the sensors on and how to take the measurements, and gives feedback when the process finishes.

-The system stores the acquired data and send it to the doctor’s patient follow-up system.



Health monitoring


11a. User Interaction devices & restrictions

PDA, mobile phone, PC…


-Health monitoring sensors

-Intelligent garment (wearable sensors). The system can ask the user to wear this garment to measure some of his vital signs.



Health monitoring -Unobtrusiveness of the system

-Accuracy in data acquisition

-Efficiency in determining the needed measurements


Indoors-outdoors


Step 0- The system asks the user to take some measurements of some of vital signs.

Step 1- The user decides to take the measurements

Step2- The system gives instructions to the patient about the sensors that are needed, how to put them on and how to take the measurements.

Step 3-The user takes the measurements.

Step 4- The system monitors the signals and records them.

Step 5- The system notifies the user when it finishes.

Step 6- The user removes the sensors.

Step 7-The system sends the records to the doctor’s patient follow-up system.


Static parameters: user medical profile, user group, any static disability

Dynamic parameters: user’s health status

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-User’s compliance with the system

-Efficiency and accuracy of data acquisition

-Privacy and security in data transmission

-Reliability, in terms of decisions made about the needed measurements to be taken




Health monitoring is essential to maintain the user’s health status

20.References

21.Comments

Vital signs

monitoring

the system asks the user to

take measurements of fome of

his vital signsThe user decides to

take the measurements

The user takes the

measurements

The system notifies

the user when it finishes

The system give instructions to the

patient about the sensors that the user

need, how to put them on and how to take

measurements

The system monitors the

signals and records them

The system send the records

to the doctor's patient

follow-up system

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The user removes

the sensors

*

*

*

*

Elderly Formal care givers, Public/private social

security service providers and insurance

companies, service centre, healthcare and

emergency support service providers

OASIS user

«extends» «extends»


5.6.5.3.- Health Coach

SP2-49. Your physician on line

1.Title Your physician on line

2.Context of use (aim) The user can communicate with his general practitioner without leaving

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home. The doctor can also send messages to his patient (advices, notifications, reminders, etc). The user can ask healthcare questions of concern and get advice from a professional.

3.Primary actor







Service Centre


5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

-The user is not feeling well. He decides to send a message to consult the doctor about the situation.

-The doctor checks the patient’s follow-up system and decides to advice the patient: “you should check your blood pressure this afternoon after your walk and send me the report”.

-The doctor has checked the patient’s monitored data. He sends a message to the user to explain him the slight changes that he has made in the medication schedule.

8.System output The system enables the communication between user and doctor when they need, by sending messages.



Health monitoring


11.a.User Interaction devices & restrictions

TV,PC, mobile device.



Health monitoring

Reliability of the communication between patient and doctor.

The system alerts the user about a new inbox message, and gives feedback to confirm when his message has been sent.


-

14.Interaction level Step 1-The user decides to send a message to the doctor

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Step 2-The user selects the option “new message” and composes the message

Step 3-The system gives the option to select the doctor

Step 4- The user selects the option and send the message to the doctor

Step 5-The system gives feedback to the user when the message is sent

Step 6-The system notifies the doctor that he has a new incoming message


Static parameters: any static disability; user group

Environmental parameters/context of use: Messages can be sent either while the user is at home or when outside


Reliability: the system guarantees the correct delivery of the messages.

Data security and privacy


-


-


This service provides an added-value to the system, but is not essential to assure the wellness of the patient, which is the main objective of the health monitoring system.

20.References -

21.Comments -


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SP2-50. Medication manager

1.Title Medication Manager

2.Context of use (aim) The system follows up the user’s medication schedule. It triggers the user to take his medication, informs him about any possible change (decided by the doctor), and checks that the user is following the schedule.

3.Primary actor







Service Centre




7.Scenario(s)

-The doctor changes the user’s medication schedule. The system informs the patient about the changes.

-It’s time for the user to take his pill. The system sends a reminder to the user.

-The user is not taking his medication. The system informs the doctor.

8.System output The system keeps track of the user’s medication schedule and the conformance of the user to this schedule.



Health monitoring



TV, PC, mobile device


Smart cabinet /automatic pill box



Health monitoring

Reliability and efficiency of controlling the medication schedule and the conformance of the user to the schedule.

Efficient smart cabinet content monitoring.

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If the user is outside home and cannot take his medication on time, the system must alert the user, and keep sending reminders until the user takes the medication.


Step 1.The medication manager checks the user’s medication schedule.

Step 2.At the time to take a medicine, the system sends a reminder to the user.

Step 3.The user receives the reminder and takes the medicine.

Step 4.The user confirms to the system that the medication was taken.

Step 5.The system registers that the user took the medication

Extension 4a: if the user does not take his medicine, the system sends a reminder to the user until he takes it

Extension: If the doctor decides to change the user’s medication, the system is updated, and the user receives a notification.


Static parameters: user medical profile, user group

Environmental parameters/context of use: the system may take into account users habits and activities, in and outside home, to adapt the medication schedules and reminders accordingly


User’s compliance with the system

Reliability and efficiency of the system


The system may adapt the medication schedules and reminders accordingly to the user’s agenda. In this case, information about user’s activities is needed from other use cases (e.g. activity coach, environmental control, etc.)

The medical doctor needs to know the information in the user’s health profile to update the medication schedule


-


Medication schedule control is essential to maintain the wellness of the user.

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-51. On demand information service

1.Title On demand information service


The system provides the user with information related to:

Health care news: news about healthcare issues, elderly chronic diseases and advance in healthcare technology.

Health care reference: links to the websites of international healthcare organizations, hospitals and nursing houses.

3.Primary actor







Service Centre



5.Connected UCs -


7.Scenario(s)

-The user heard in the radio about a new technology in healthcare; he wants to get more information, so decides to connect to the “Healthcare news” service.

-The user wants to look for information about the new hospital near his house, so decides to connect to the “Healthcare reference” service.

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8.System output The system provides the user with (on demand) information about healthcare news and websites of international healthcare organizations.



Health monitoring


.


TV,PC, PDA, mobile device.



Health monitoring

The system selects efficiently the information to provide, adapting it to the user profile, preferences, habits, etc.


-


Step 1.The user decides to look for information related to healthcare

Step 2.The user connects to the “on demand information service” using an interaction device

Step 3.The system offers different possibilities to the user (“Healthcare news”, “Healthcare Reference”).

Step 4.The user selects one of the subjects

Step 5.The system presents the search options

Step 6.The user searches for information

Step 7.The system provides the user with the available information


Static parameters: user profile

Dynamic parameters: user habits, user preferences


User compliance with the application

Level of personalization and adaptation of the information provided to the user


To adapt the information to the user, it is important to get input data such as user’s needs, preferences, medical profile, habits, activities, etc.


-


-

20.References -

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21.Comments

On demand

information service

The user decides to look

for information related to

healthcare

The user connects to the "on

demand information service"

using an interaction device

The system offers different

possibilities to the user ("Healthcare

news", "Healthcare reference")

The user selects one

of the subjects

The system presents

search options

The user searches

information

The system provides the

user with the available

information

**

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

**

**

*

*

*

Elderly Formal care-givers, Public/private social

security service providers and insurance

companies,Service centre, Health care and

emergency support service providers, Telematic

service providers



SP2-52. Health coach

1.Title Health coach

2.Context of use (aim) This use case involves providing the user with advices and suggestions in relation to his health status. The system motivates and empowers the user to manage his wellness through a healthier lifestyle and habits consistent with his physical and health condition.







Service Centre



5.Connected UCs SP2-44,SP2-45, SP2-46, SP2-47, SP2-48


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7.Scenario(s) -The user receives everyday advices from the system: “drink a lot of water”,” make exercise”,” do not drink alcohol”, etc.

-The system adapts the advices to the health profile of the user:” try to go for a walk every day, 20 minutes”, ”do not stay so much time watching tv”, “you should sleep more than 5 hours at night” .

8.System output -Advice is triggered automatically by the system (periodically or event based). It comes come from a general knowledge base regarding elderly people health and also can be personalized by the professional (e.g. doctor). Advice can be presented at home and on the move.



Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach

Health monitoring



TV, PC, mobile phone



Health monitoring

-User compliance with the system

-Efficiency on selecting the adequate information and advices


-

14.Interaction level Step 1-Periodically (or event based) the system starts the advice provider application

Step 2-The system selects the suggestion to be given to the user and starts the communication procedure.

Step 3-If the user is at home, the system communicates with the user trough the normal way (TV, voice message…). If the user is not at home, the system communicates with him using the user’s mobile device.

* The doctor can also start this communication process.


Static parameters: user medical profile.

Dynamic parameters: user habits (exercising, level of activity…).


Level of personalization and adaptation to the user’s profile and needs

User compliance with the system


Input from UC “Vital signs monitoring” and “Recording activity”. The system adapts the advices and suggestions for the user depending on the data from these UCs.

Input from nutritional advisor module.

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-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -


SP2-53. Planning activity

1.Title Planning activity

2.Context of use (aim) This use case involves planning activities for the user to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The system checks the activities performed by the user and according to his profile and proposes additional activities to be carried out if needed.








Service Centre



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7.Scenario(s) -The system detects that the user has been a bit passive the last days, and proposes some activities for the next day for the user to be more active.

-The system detects that the user’s weight is increasing, and prepares an exercise plan for the next month.

-The system offers the user a set of activities that he can perform outdoors during the afternoon to improve his health status.

8.System output The system proposes the user some activities to maintain a healthier lifestyle.



Activity coach

Health monitoring



TV,PDA, mobile phone…


Activity and health monitoring sensors (This use case will obtain the data from other use cases)



Health monitoring

User compliance with the system


-

14.Interaction level Step 1.The activity planner application checks the activities performed by the user and his profile.

Step 2.It checks if the user is performing enough activities to maintain his health status.

Step 3. If the user’s level of activity is low, the system searches for activities that the user can perform, and select some of them, according to the user’s profile and needs.

Step 4.The user receives a notification that he should take up some additional activities.

Step 5. The system proposes the activities.

Step 6. The user accepts/denies the activities.

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Static parameters: user profile, user medical file

Dynamic parameters: user habits, user preferences

Environmental parameters/context of use: weather conditions


User compliance with the system. Absence of incongruities among planned activities of other services.


Input from “Vital Signs monitoring” and “Recording activity”. The system adapts and plans activities depending on the data gathered in these use cases.


-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

Planning activity

The activity planner application

checks the activities performed

by the user and his profile

The system checks if the user

is performing enough activities

to maintain his health status

If the user's level of activity is

low, the system searches for activities

that the user can perform, and select

one of them

The system notifies the user

that he should take up some

additional activities

The system proposes

the activity to the user

The user

accepts/denies the proposal

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

*

Elderly

Family members, Informal/formal care givers,

Public/private social security service

providers and insurance companies, Service

centre, Health care and emergency support

service providers,Leisure and recreation

service providers and insurance companies,

Service centre,,Infotainment service providers,


OASIS user«extends»

«extends»


5.6.5.4.- Alerting and assisting applications

SP2-54. Alerting and assisting the user

1.Title Alerting and assisting the user

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2.Context of use (aim) The objective of this use case is to alert a user in case an emergency (potential dangerous) situation is detected, and to help the user to face/solve the situation

3.Primary actor





Family members




Service Centre




7.Scenario(s)

-Elder’s heart rate is too high while exercising. The system generates a health alert and asks him to stop.

-User’s last measurement of glucose indicates a very low level. The system alerts the user and gives him instructions to recover this dangerous level.

8.System output

-The system generates an alarm to alert the user about a dangerous situation

-The system also gives instructions to the user to face and solve the situation



Health monitoring



PC, PDA, Tablet PC, Interactive TV



Health monitoring

-Efficiency and accuracy on determining dangerous situations

-Efficiency on the communication with the doctor and the control centre

-The system keeps triggering the alert/alarm until the user checks it and answers accordingly.

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Indoors-Outdoors


Step 1-The system detects an abnormal (potential dangerous) situation related to the user’s health status

Step 2-The system generates an alarm and alerts the user

Step 3-The user checks the alarm and reacts accordingly

Step 4-The system gives some instructions to the user to face and solve the dangerous situation

Extension 2a- If the user does not respond to the alarm the system keeps triggering it. If necessary, the alarm will be triggered at the control centre


Static parameters: user group, user’s health profile

Dynamic parameters: type of alarm/dangerous situation, type of activity (sleeping, exercising, normal level of activity)

Environmental parameters/context of use: indoors-outdoors


-Slots of time between alarms must be adapted to the type of alert and the urgency of response

-The system must be capable of redirecting the alert/alarm to a relative/ medical doctor in case of no response of the user

Accuracy and efficiency on determining dangerous situations


-Vital signs and activity parameters measurements

-Medication manager records (an alarm must be set off if the user is not taking his medication)


-Easy and understandable and accessible UI.


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

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SP2-55. Alerting the medical doctor

1.Title Alerting the medical doctor


The aim of this use case is to alert the formal care givers about a potential dangerous situation related to the user’s health status.

Once a health alert/alarm is generated, the medical doctor or the control centres are able to check the user’s health current updated parameters and try to contact them in an emergency situation.

3.Primary actor






Service Centre





7.Scenario(s)

-The system detects that the elderly is not breathing well and may be in a dangerous situation. It alerts the control centre. The control centre tries to contact the user; if necessary, the emergency services are activated.

- The evolution of a set of parameters related to the user’s health problem (e.g. cardiovascular disease) is not going well. The system generates an alert to inform the medical doctor.

-The user is not feeling well. He triggers an alarm to alert the medical centre.

8.System output The system generates an alert to inform the medical doctor /control centre about possible dangerous situations.

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Health monitoring



PC, laptop, PDA, mobile phone, tablet PC…



Health monitoring


-Efficiency on the communication with the medical doctor and the control centre

-The system keeps triggering the alert/alarm until the medical doctor/control centre checks it and answers accordingly.


-


Step 1-The system detects an abnormal (potential dangerous) situation related to the elder’s health status

Step 2-The system generates an alarm and alerts the medical doctor/control centre

Step 3-The medical doctor/control centre checks the alarm

Step 4-The medical doctor/control centre reacts accordingly

Extension 4a-If necessary, he tries to contact the user

Extension 4b- If necessary, the emergency services are activated to help the elder


No



Limited time to respond when alerts are activated


Information from all the services in the health monitoring module (health profile, vital signs measurements, activity records, medication manager, etc)


-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

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Alerting the

medical doctor

The system detects an abnormal

(potential dangerous) situation

related to the elder's health status

The system generates an

alarm and alerts the medical

doctor/control centre

The medical

doctor/control centre checks the

alarm

The medical

doctor/control centre reacts

accordingly

If necessary, he tries

to contact the elder

person

*

* *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

«extends»

If necessary, the emergency

services are activated to

help the elder

«extends»

ElderlyFormal care givers,Service centre, Health

care and emergency support service providers,

Public/private social security service

providers and insurance companies



SP2-56. Alerting the relatives

1.Title Alerting the relatives

2.Context of use (aim) This use case aims at alerting the elder’s person relatives in case a potential dangerous situation is detected.

3.Primary actor





Family members


Service Centre



5.Connected UCs SP2-47, SP2-48, SP2-50,SP2-54, SP2-55


7.Scenario(s)

-The system detects that the elderly has been in bed too much time, and does not respond to the systems alerts. It triggers an alarm to notify a relative

-The user is not feeling well. He triggers an alarm to alert his relative.

8.System output The system, based on the information of the health monitoring system, and the type of situation that the user is going through, generates an alert to inform relatives about possible dangerous situations.


10.Services involved Health monitoring

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.


PC, PDA, Laptop, tablet PC



Health monitoring


-Efficiency on the communication with the user’s relative

-The system keeps triggering the alert/alarm until the medical doctor/control centre checks it and answers accordingly.


indoors-outdoors


Step 1-The system detects an abnormal (potential dangerous) situation related to the elder’s health status

Extension 1a: the user is not feeling well and triggers an alarm to alert his relative

Step 2-The system generates an alarm and alerts the relative about the situation

Step 3-The relative checks the alarm

Step 4-The relative reacts accordinglyExtension 4a-the relative tries to contact the elder person

Extension 4b- If necessary, the relative can alert the emergency services


Static parameters: user’s health profile, user group, any static disability



Limited time to respond when alerts are activated


- Vital signs and activity parameters measurements

-Medication manager

-Alarms/alerts triggered to the user(elder)/ medical doctor/control centre


-


-

20.References -

21.Comments -

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5.6.6.- Category 6: Environmental control

5.6.6.1.- In-door user localisation

SP2-57. Automatically detect the user in the house and his/her exact position

1.Title Automatically detect the user when in the house and his exact position (indoors localisation)

2.Context of use (aim) To detect the presence of the user while in the home.

In detail: While in the house, or as soon as the user enters his house, the system detects him/her and performs some pre-defined actions, altering the status of certain home appliances (according to the user’s previous settings), e.g. the heating is turned on to x

0C, the TV is switched on, etc.








(the above-selected actors are applicable in case that an emergency situation of the user is detected and he needs support).

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5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The presence of the user in the house is detected and according to explicit user preferences, the following actions are taken:

the lights are switched on

personal data (e.g. user’s weight) is measured and transmitted

the heating is turned on to specific temperature

the TV is turned on

the user’s position indoors is measured for emergency support (WP2.6)

detects if the user has fell in the house, for emergency support (WP2.3, WP2.6)

8.System output User localization at a room-by-room level.

Measurement and transmission of the user/s weight on daily basis.

Detection of emergency situation, if the user falls on the floor.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.7 (A2.7.2), WP2.3 (A2.3.5), WP2.6

10.Services involved Activity coach

Health monitoring




None.


In-door user localisation of A2.7.2)




Accurate detection of user presence on an in-doors level and also on a room-specific level.

Interoperability in terms of connected devices.


14.Interaction level Step 1: the user enters the home.

Step 2: the system detects the user entrance in the home:

Step 3: the user starts moving around the house.

Step 3: the system detects in which room each time the user is and turns on/off the lights accordingly.

Step 4: the system measures and transmits to the activity coach the user/’s weight on a daily basis.


Environmental parameters/context of use: specific parameters that users sets for domotic system action, upon his entrance to the house or specific rooms (such as house temperature level, switching on of the lights in each room and in the garden, switch on the TV/radio, etc.).


Reliability demands: 100% reliability (i.e. the system detects the user location accurately, on a room-by-room level).

Efficiency demands: The system performs certain actions upon the preferences of the user (explicit preferences) regarding the status of home appliances. It also measure and transmits data to other OASIS systems (weight, alerting in case of fall detection, etc.).

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None.


While the system actions on the status of certain home appliances according to the user preferences are considered as a comfort issue, the detection of his position in the house are of an enormous importance, for emergency support reasons, in critical circumstances such as when the user falls unconscious on the floor.

20.References

21.Comments


*

*



**

*

*

Family members

Informal care-givers

Formal care-givers

Health care and emergency support service

providers

*

*

the lights are switched on

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

*

*

SP2-57. Automatically detect the user

in the house and his/her exact position

the TV is turned on

personal data (e.g. user’s

weight) is measured and

transmitted

the heating is turned

on to specific

temperature

*

*

*

*

*

*

the user’s position indoors is

measured for emergency

support (WP2.6)

detects if the user has fell

in the house, for

emergency support

(WP2.3, WP2.6)

The presence of the user

in the house is detected

and according to explicit

user preferences, the

following actions are

taken: the system detects

in which room each

time the user is and

turns on/off the lights

accordingly.


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5.6.6.2.- Environmental control applications

SP2-58. Check the status of home appliances

1.Title Check the status of home appliances


To check the status of domotic appliances through the control unit, while the user is in or out of the home.

In detail: The user wants to check the status of a connected home device (i.e. if the heating system is on/off, if the window is closed, etc.) while in or out of the home, through the environmental control module (comfort unit).





5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The user is able to check the status of the following home devices:

lighting

heating

white goods

brown goods

alarm and security devices

all sensors to be used at home for various OASIS applications

8.System output The domotic appliance status must be given to the user, upon his request.

9.Relevant OASIS WP

WP2.7 (A2.7.3)





Home integration platform (PHILIPS)


Home appliances status sensor, home appliances (according to A2.7.3)




Reliability of the status of home appliances.

User friendliness of the application.



14.Interaction level Step 1: The user wants to check the status (on/off) of the home devices (listed in point 7 above) through the environmental control unit

Step 2: the system informs the user on the status of the devices that he has

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asked for.


No


Reliability demands: 100% reliability (i.e. the system provides the correct info to the user).



The HMI of the environmental control unit must be adequate for the elderly user.


Assisting the elderly to manage their home environment efficiently is one of the actions that support the independent living. The World Health Organisation defines independence as the ability to perform the activities of daily life, with little or no help from others. Thus, controlling the domotic environment through a single control unit is of key importance for this user group, when e.g. the person has lied down to sleep as it requires important physical effort to get up and e.g. close down the electric windows blinds.

20.References WHO

21.Comments


SP2-59. Change the status of home appliances

1.Title Change the status of home appliances

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2.Context of use (aim) To change the status of domotic appliances through the control unit, while the user is in or out of the home.

In detail: The user wants to change a connected home device status (i.e. activate/regulate the heating system, close a window, program the video, etc.) while in the home, through the environmental control module (comfort unit).



Old elderly (ages 75+) maybe not adequate for this category for avoiding potential errors


5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The user is able to change the status of the following home devices:

lighting

heating

white goods

brown goods

alarm and security devices

all sensors to be used at home for various OASIS applications

8.System output

The domotic appliance status must change according to the user’s command.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP2.7 (A2.7.3)

10.Services involved Environmental Control





Home appliances status sensor, home appliances (according to A2.7.3)




Efficiency and reliability of controlling the home devices.




14.Interaction level Step 1: The user wants to change the status (on/off) of the home devices (listed in point 7 above) through the environmental control unit

Step 2: the system performs the user requests, and the status of the electric devices changes accordingly.


No


Reliability demands: 100% reliability (i.e. the system performs the commands of the user).

Efficiency: 100% efficiency (the status of the home devices is changed accordingly).

17.Potential input from

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other UCs


The HMI of the environmental control unit must be adequate for the elderly user.


Assisting the elderly to manage their home environment efficiently is one of the actions that support the independent living. The World Health Organisation defines independence as the ability to perform the activities of daily life, with little or no help from others. Thus, controlling the domotic environment through a single control unit is of key importance for this user group, when e.g. the person has lied down to sleep as it requires important physical effort to get up and e.g. close down the electric windows blinds.

20.References WHO

21.Comments

Young elderly, Elderly

Family members, Formal/informal care givers,

elderly associations, telematic service

providers, service centre, policy makers,

national local and regional authorities,

health care and emergency support service

providers

lighting

heating

white goods

brown goods alarm and security devices

*

*

* *

*

*

all sensors to be

used at home for

various OASIS

applications

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Apart from the above

mentioned,

there is a list

from secondary actors

SP2-59. Change the

status of home

appliances

Old elderly (ages

75+) maybe not

adequate for this

category for avoiding

potential errors

The user is able to change

the status of the following

home devices:

The user wants

to change the status

(on/off) of the home

devices through the

environmental

ontrol unit

The system performs

the user requests,

and the status

of the electric

devices

changes accordingly.


5.6.6.3.- Intelligent home Management

SP2-60. Monitoring and automatically change of the status of home devices

1.Title Automatically change the status of home devices

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2.Context of use (aim) To monitor the status of domotic appliances (by the system) and change it automatically if necessary while the user is in or out of the home.

In detail: The system monitors the status of a connected home device and changes it by itself (i.e. decrease the house temperature while the user out of the home, close a window, while the user is out, turn off the oven when the habitant is out, etc.).







5.Connected UCs


7.Scenario(s) The system must be able to detect when the user is out of the house monitor and change the status of the home appliances by itself, when there are critical security issues. In detail, when the user is away, the system, after monitoring the status, it will:

close windows

close lights

lock the door

turn off the oven

reduce the temperature if it is too high (user defined limit)

turn off brown goods

turn off TV

etc.

After each action, the user will be informed accordingly.

8.System output The system must monitor/detect the appliances that are on while the habitant is out of the house and if there are safety issues, turn them off automatically, informing the user.

9.Relevant OASIS WP WP 2.7 (A2.7.4)

10.Services involved Environmental Control





Home appliance status sensor, home appliances (according to A2.7.3)

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Efficiency of monitoring/ detecting the status of home devices and control them automatically when there are safety issues present.




14.Interaction level Step 1: The user leaves the house.

Step 2: The system detects that the oven is on and that the house temperature is too high. It automatically turns them off.

Step 3: The system informs the user on the actions taken.

Step 4: Accept or abort the changes. If no feedback within 1 minute, they are assumed as accepted.


Environmental parameters/context of use: home temperature


Reliability demands: 100% reliability (i.e. the system detects the devices status correctly and automatically takes actions in case of safety risks).

Efficiency: 100% efficiency (the status of the home devices is changed accordingly).



None needed.


The detection of situations where the house is at risk when the habitant is out, is very important. The system must be able to take actions automatically, by changing the status of certain home appliances.

20.References

21.Comments

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5.6.7.- Cross SP use cases

Three Cross-sp use cases have been defined; they relate use cases from SP2 with use cases from SP3. Therefore, a global view of the project and its functionality is provided:

- Cross-SP-1 Planning a car trip and being supported while on-trip

- Cross-SP-2 Planning a multimodal trip and suddenly feeling ill while shopping

- Cross-SP-3 Working at home and using environmental control, brain training and fall detection

This set of use cases are described in detail in OASIS Deliverable D3.1.1 “Use cases and

application scenarios for mobility and smart workplaces applications” [9].

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6.- USER FORUMS

In addition to the Benchmarking and the Questionnaires on Independent Living Applications, several User Forums have been organized at all pilot sites, as a next step in the definition of the use cases and scenarios. These forums were arranged in the context of WP4.5 “Pilot sites framework”, and more specifically A4.5.4. “Local community build-up”. They started with the 1st OASIS User Forum in Belgium, and continued until February 2009. The objective was to analyze the use cases through the feedback from local OASIS stakeholders.

6.1.- Methodology

In total, almost 240 participants attended the user forums. Details are as following:

- Belgium: User Forum at Polis premises, Brussels; 36 participants

- Bulgaria: User Forum 1 at Complex for social services in Sliven; 15 participants (7 elderly + 8 carers). User Forum 2 at Elderly home in Pazarzhik, Glavinitza district; 65 participants (50 elderly, 12 carers, 3 policy makers). User Forum 3 at Elderly daily care centre in Plovdiv; 15 participants (10 elderly + 2 carers + 3 policy makers)

- China: User Forum at Single-lens standard usability testing lab at Tsinghua University, Institute of Human Factors & Ergonomics; 17 participants

- Germany: User Forum at Fraunhofer IESE; 10 participants.

- Greece: User Forum at CERTH/HIT offices ,Thessaloniki; 25 participants

- Italy: User Forum 1 at Cuggiono; 27 participants. User Forum 2 at Elderly Center of Vanzaghello; 24 participants. User Forum 3 at Buscate; 27 participants. User Forum 4 at Head office of AUSER Florence association, Firenze; 9 participants

- Romania: User Forum at BluePoint premises, Bucharest; 14 participants

- UK: User Forum 1 and 2 in Newcastle University Culture Lab Office; 5 and 6 participants respectively.

Each User Forum consisted of the following structure:

- Short project concept presented by local pilot coordinator

- Presentation of the SP2 Use Cases

Use Cases for Independent Living Applications

Discussion and filling of the evaluation form

- Presentation of the SP3 Use Cases

Discussion and filling of the evaluation form

- Summary of main feedback received and conclusions

- Evaluation of the local User Forum (filling of relevant forms)

Feedback has been compiled for all pilot sites during the same period; the following section presents the results of the analysis of SP2 use cases.

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6.2.- User forum feedback

A full detailed analysis of the User Forum in Belgium, that took place first, was reported in the internal deliverable “OASIS User Forum report”, as part of A5.3.3 “User Forum”, delivered on 16 December 2008. That is why the analysis of this forum is presented apart from the rest. The second part of this section is a comparative analysis of the results obtained from the local user forums in Bulgaria, China, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania and the

United Kingdom.

6.2.1.- Belgium

6.2.1.1.- Nutritional Advisor

There were some mixed feelings about the usefulness of this application among the participants. It was considered that many older people would only approach such an application if they had a “problem with nutrition” and the engagement was to support a planned change in dietary regime. It would only work if there was a commitment to change. In this case it was suggested that the idea to promote mutual support through communities of interest might help older people to stick-with-it.

Figure 109. Nutrional advisor - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium

6.2.1.2.- Activity Coach

The received feedback was overall very positive for this application. Some concerns were pointed out, such as the importance of avoiding the imposition to use this service (it should be fun to use it), or the need to ensure links to clinical expertise and clinical supervision in order to not ignore factors outside the “exercise”.

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Figure 110. Activity coach - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium

6.2.1.3.- Brain and skills trainer

The feedback was overall also positive for the brain and skills trainer applications and was regarded as valuable and worthwhile. There was however also some uncertainty about what these exercises would offer more than currently available traditional “tools” such as newspaper crosswords and Sudoku.

Figure 111. Brain and skills trainer- User Forum, Brussels, Belgium

6.2.1.4.- Social Communities Platform

This application, while being somewhat abstract and new to the participants, generated a lot of discussion about the personalisation aspects and whether it should deploy automatic notifications in the event of unusual behaviour pattern changes or exceptions. More importantly, the feeling of security and “trust” would be vital to these communities. It was also felt that they could be a very powerful and supportive service to people if they could get over the barriers to using them.

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Figure 112. Social communities platform - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium

6.2.1.5.- Health Monitoring

The benefits of these services were quite obvious for all participants, and also generated a positive response. However, while health monitoring could be very promising, its main challenge would be about the collaboration of all the experts (GPs, nurses, etc.) outside of the home. These types of applications involve significant process changes within and between professionals and can therefore confront resistance to change.

The trend towards self-management for chronic diseases was recognised. The value of community of interest support groups could be helpful to maintain commitments to change regimes and to provide mutual support.

Where point-of-care diagnosis is being supported, the quality of the reasoning and the confidence in the data needs to be very high.

Intrusion was considered a potential serious issue for older people.

Figure 113. Health monitoring - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium

6.2.1.6.- Environmental Control

This application was overall seen as positive and as wanted. Participants did emphasize however that two types of scenarios have to be considered:

- Where a person has left the home and has anxieties about whether appliances have/have not been shut down, the applications will provide remote mobile control.

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- For the person inside the home (local control) possibly due to having significant frailty or mobility difficulties.

Providing better information (more timely and in an easily understandable manner) on energy use in the home would be very helpful so that people could better optimise their fuel consumption to stay warm affordably.

In relation to these types of applications, the challenge of being able to differentiate between people when in multi-occupancy dwellings will be important. How to mediate different or conflicting requests will be even more interesting.

Figure 114. Environmental control - User Forum, Brussels, Belgium

6.2.2.- Comparative results from local user forums

While the results from the Belgian User Forum indicate quite some differences in the appreciation for the applications and services, this is rather homogeneous when studying the overall feedback gathered from all User Forums (organised in Bulgaria, China, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania and the United Kingdom). For each application area, a graphic

provides the procentual preference of the consolidated feedback received from all countries.

6.2.2.1.- Nutritional Advisor

Over 80% of the User Forum participants were positive (firmly would like to have it, or find it nice to have) towards the nutrional advisor applications, with a slight preference for the

Nutrional plan builder, and the least for the Shopping and cooking assistant application.

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Figure 115. Nutrional advisor - User Forums, Consolidated results

6.2.2.2.- Activity coach

Overall, over 80% of the participant rated the activity coach service positively, with preference for the falls and other accident detection services. This is definitely the most wanted set of services, as was also obvious from the participant’s reaction in most User Forums. Especially the fall and other accident detection service was most appreciated, directly linked also to main concerns about the personal health and safety.

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00%

Activity monitoring multisensorial system

Activity characterization

Activity management

Rehabilitation support system

Fall and other accidents detection

TOTAL No

TOTAL Nice to have

TOTAL Yes

Figure 116. Activity coach - User Forums, Consolidated results

6.2.2.3.- Brain and skills trainer

Looking at the overall feedback, all services score well over 90% in terms of acceptance with a slight preference for specific cognitive training exercises and activities. This again is clearly related to the concern of older people about their vividness and memory

abilities.

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0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00%

Specific cognitive training exercises and activities

Stress management exercises

Daily activities simulation

TOTAL No

TOTAL Nice to have

TOTAL Yes

Figure 117. Brain and skills trainer - User Forums, Consolidated results

6.2.2.4.- Social communities platform

In absolute figures, all social communities platform services score high, with preference for those services that would support recreation for older people. The appreciation whether it

is nice to have or an absolute must is quite similar.

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00%

Enhanced Web Experience

Collaborative Web Experience

e-learning and Infotainment Environments

Recreation for the elderly

TOTAL No

TOTAL Nice to have

TOTAL Yes

Figure 118. Social communities platform - User Forums, Consolidated results

6.2.2.5.- Health monitoring

Health monitoring was well perceived in all User Forums. While there are privacy concerns among third parties (carers, family members), overall the participating older people expressed the opinion that monitoring is acceptable for them because it increases their safety feeling. Especially the reminder services are well appreciated. Acceptability will be high if the way sensors are being used is unobtrusive, and if any devices used are simple to operate.

However, in order for the services to operate well, and on an individual level, there will be need for a clinical user profile that contains enough data of the user.

Another suggestion by some participants was to have a service whereby the doctor prescribes some drugs and sends the prescription to the pharmacy closest to the elderly for

home delivery of the prescribed medicine.

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0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00%

Health profile definition & personalization

Health remote monitoring

Health coach

Alerting and assisting applications

TOTAL No

TOTAL Nice to have

TOTAL Yes

Figure 119. Health monitoring - User Forums, Consolidated results

6.2.2.6.- Environmental control

Environmental control services were in general well perceived and generated considerable interest among the participants in the user forum, but only in Bulgaria, China and Greece there was an absolute preference for the services. Most participants are convinced that this will improve their daily live and take away stress by being able to rely on e.g. reminders about the environmental factors, while also augmenting the safety feeling through security reminders about e.g. doors that are left open, the gas fire that was not closed, etc. Equally, it should reduce the energy bills. A major concern in the current

economic climate and the occurrence of fuel poverty among older people.

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00%

In-door user localisation

Environmental control applications

Intelligent home management

TOTAL No

TOTAL Nice to have

TOTAL Yes

Figure 120. Environmental control - User Forums, Consolidated results

All services scored again well over 90% in terms of being accepted as a service one would

use.

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6.2.3.- Conclusions

From the results obtained in all user forums, we can conclude that while some services are more preferred than others, on the whole, all services were liked by the participants. The following services and applications were preferred and considered essential by most of the participants:

- Fall and other accidents detection is a service that directly touches a main concern

for older people, namely falling. It is therefore not surprising that this service is also

very much liked by the User Forum participants.

- Specific cognitive training exercises and activities are closely connected to the

memory losses with which most older people are confronted, and which all want to

“fight against”.

- Remote health monitoring provides older people with a safety beacon as they are

less stressed that if something happens it would go unnoticed. Directly linked to it is

also the health profile definition and personalization which is to ensure a personalised

approach, while the alerting and assisting applications provide support in cases of

emergencies.

- Again linked to the health aspect is the rehabilitation support system, which ensures

recovery after a possible injury, possibly combined with the activity management

service as this also supports any rehabilitation that is needed, or in other cases

supports daily training on a personalised level.

Obviously, health-related services were considered most important, but this should not come at the cost of data privacy. In fact, participants liked the idea of a personalised service, but they also wanted to be in control of the system and not vice versa.

The cost of all these services was also a concern for many participants. While they did realise the added value, they were unsure whether these services would be available for everyone. Especially the domotic applications raised this concern.

On the whole, some fine-tuning was asked for some of the presented services, as well as some additional functionalities. But none of the functionalities was really considered as being

unwanted, at least not by a majority of the participants.

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7.- CONCLUSION

This report has described the complete methodology used within the OASIS project to extract use cases and application scenarios for Independent Living Applications (ILA). As a result, 60 use cases have been defined and described in detail. These use cases have been clustered in 6 categories according to the information domains that will be covered by OASIS in the area of ILA: Nutritional Advisor, Activity Coach, Brain and Skills trainer, Social Communities platform, Health monitoring and Environmental Control. In addition, 3 cross-sp use cases have been defined, relating the areas of Independent Living with Autonomous Mobility and Smart Workplaces (i.e. subprojects 2 and 3 of OASIS).

The process followed included several phases. First, a technological benchmarking in the area of Independent Living was carried out. Then, an online database was set up, in order to compile all the information gathered on the existing projects, products and services. This database has been published in OASIS web page (http://www.oasis-project.eu/ ) and it can be easily accessed and updated by users. The second phase involved a set of face to face interviews carried out along several European countries, in order to model users experience and therefore, to extract initial user requirements and preferences. Based on the results of the interviews, a first set of use cases was defined. The preliminary use cases were analyzed in the 1

st OASIS International Workshop, by the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting (October ’08)

and in several user forums that took place in seven countries (October’08-February’09). As a result of these analyses, use cases have been refined according to the users feedback.

The final UCs are the basis for the project further developments and pilots conduction. Three different priority levels have been distinguished for each UC: essential, secondary, and supportive. The use cases with essential priority are the ones that will be for sure evaluated at

the project pilots (in SP4).

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8.- REFERENCES

[1] OASIS IR.2.1.1 “Technological Benchmarking on Independent Living Applications

[2] OASIS IR.2.1.2 “ Independent Living Applications: Preliminary set of user requirements

[3] The maturing market place: buying habits of Baby Boomers and their parents”- Moschis, Lee, Mathur, Strautman,(2000);

[4] “Use case fundamentals” http://alistair.cockburn.us/Use+case+fundamentals

[5] Martin, Robert C. (2002): “UML for Java Programmers”, chapter 5, Use Cases.

http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/Use_Cases_UFJP.pdf

[6] Ferg, S.(2003): “What’s wrong with use cases?”

http://www.jacksonworkbench.co.uk/stevefergspages/papers/ferg--whats_wrong_with_use_cases.html

[7] Booch, G, Rumbaugh, J, Jacobson,I (1998). “The Unified Modelling Language User Guide”; Addison Wesley, ISBN: 0-201-57168-4, 512 pages

[8] Stein, B.: “Use Case Model: writing requirements in context”.

[9] OASIS D3.1.1 “Use cases and application scenarios for mobility and smart workplaces applications”

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ANNEX 1: BENCHMARKING TEMPLATE

Search possibilities (common for all 3 categories: products, services, projects):

Keyword

Name of product/service/project

Area (as shown below)

Manufacturer

End-user category (drop-down list): � Elderly

�Family members

�Informal care givers

� Formal care givers

Types of aging-related problems covered (e.g. visual, physical, cognitive)

Ontology existing � Yes

� No

View all

Areas in which the specific database entry falls (common for all 3 categories: products, services, projects):

- User monitoring o Activity monitoring (WP2.3) o Health remote monitoring (WP2.6)

- Assistive applications o Home automation (WP2.7) o Personal sustaining program (e.g. memory trainer, etc.) (WP2.2, WP2.4) o Support @ work (WP3.5) o Leisure and social events (WP2.5, WP3.4)

- Mobility support o Travel information services (WP3.2, WP3.4) o Route guidance (WP3.3, WP3.4) o Driver support services (WP3.4)

- Other (define categories and sub-categories if a database entry is not covered by the above areas)

Business and market issues questions

Which companies could benefit from the technology/product/service/R&D-Projects?

(hint: have in mind a possible value web or business model and think about, companies from which branches could benefit from the technology/product/service?)

Who could be the possible end users from the technology/ product/ service/ R&D-Projects?

(hint: describe what end users the companies have in mind or what you guess could be possible end users)

What are the chances for the (hint: have in mind topics like possible

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technology/product/service/R&D-Projects? prices, business models, cooperations, competition, regional relevance, probability of occurrence)

�very high

�High

�Low

�very low

What are the risks for the technology/product/service/R&D-Projects

(hint: have in mind topics like possible prices, business models, cooperations, competition, regional relevance, probability of occurrence)

�Very high

�High

�Low

�very low

When will the technology/product/ service be officially launched to the market?

�2010 or earlier

�2011-2015

�2016 or later

�no estimation possible

When will the technology/product/ service play a relevant role in the market (e.g. has a well-known brand or a significant market share)?

�2010 or earlier

�2011-2015

�2016 or later

�no estimation possible

What are the possibilities for chances for OASIS?


�Very high

�High

�Low

�very low

What is your estimation for risks occurrence for OASIS?


�Very high

�High

�Low

�very low

Product

Product Name

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Manufacturer

Description

Market availability � Yes

� No

Indicative Cost

Technical specifications (e.g. communication, interfaces, interoperability, standards compliance)

End-user category � Elderly

�Family members




Accessibility characteristics and features (e.g. W3C AA)

Utility/Usability limitations

Technical Limitations

Contact info (e-mail, web page, tel, etc.)

Need of training for use � Yes

� No

Product brochures, illustrations, etc

Customer support (guarantee, technical support, etc.)

Recorded customer feedback (advantages vs. disadvantages)

Version history (last update)

Keywords

Specification of ontology communication interface

Service

Service Name

Developer/provider

Description

Cost (permanent, subscription cost, …)



�Family members




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Contact info (e-mail, web page, tel, etc.)


� No

Service brochures, illustrations, etc

Customer support (guarantee, technical support, etc.)

Recorded customer feedback (advantages vs. disadvantages)


Keywords

WSDL URL

UDDI server publication

Existing Ontologies

Public availability

Ontology Representation Languages

Number of Concepts

Number of Relationships

Structure Consistency � Yes

� No

Ontology Standardization Bodies

Web Service Standards

Ontology Documentation � Yes

� No

Research results (previous or ongoing projects)

Project full name

Acronym

Project web site

Start date (duration)

Status � Successfully completed

Year:_____

� On-going

Relation to the OASIS thematic areas

Description if research result (system)



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�Family members







Reference (e-mail, web page, deliverable in which the specific system is described etc.)


� No

System brochures, illustrations, etc

Evaluation results (main user feedback, advantages vs. disadvantages)


Availability as a commercial product after the research

� Yes

� No

Keywords

Related Ontologies

Public availability of ontologies

Ontology Representation Languages

Ontology Standardization Bodies

Ontology Documentation � Yes

� No

Ontology Authoring Tools

Reasoning tools

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ANNEX 2: DATABASE MANUAL

The database manual has been included in Deliverable D3.1.1. in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of information.

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ANNEX 3: SP2 UCS TEMPLATE

1.Title <indicating the goal>

2.Context of use (aim) <a longer statement of the goal >

3.Primary actor

<OASIS user groups>

� Young elderly (ages 55-65)

� Elderly (ages 65-75)

� Old elderly (ages 75+)


<Persons or objects that interact with the Use Case>

�Family members

�Informal care-givers (i.e. volunteers, neighbours, etc.)

�Formal care-givers (both inpatient and outpatient)

�Public / private Social security service providers and insurance companies

�Service Centre

�Health care and emergency support service providers

�Home automation service providers

�Leisure and re-creation service providers

�Infotainment service providers

�Telematic service providers

�Elderly associations

�National, local and regional authorities

�Policy makers

� Other: …………………………………………………………….

5.Connected UCs <use exact numbers of the other OASIS UCs >

6.Priority Level � Essential � Secondary � Supportive

7.Scenario(s) <i.e. what the user has to accomplish; can be more than one>

8.System output <i.e. what should be the system’s functionality, as reaction to the user actions>

9.Relevant OASIS WP


�Nutritional Advisor

�Activity coach

�Brain and Skills trainer

�Social communities platform

�Health monitoring

�Environmental Control


< the devices that are needed for the specific UC, e.g. TV,PDA, mobile phone, …as well as possible limitations>



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Nutritional Advisor

Activity coach



Health monitoring



<for the system to be able to work properly>

14.Interaction level <Step 1 – the user wants to…

Step 2 – the system …>


�Yes:

�static parameters: …………….….

�semi-dynamic parameters: …………………..

�dynamic parameters: …………………..

�environmental parameters/context of use: ……………………

�No


<e.g. time demands, accuracy demands, reliability demands, etc. Add references if possible>




20.References

21.Comments

use cases and application scenarios for independent living applications

Documents