User Needs Analysis

Usability and beyond Week 10 Designing for Usability1Week what is usability?

can the user accomplish their goal?is it useful?is it useable?

WeekBecame an real problem with the development of the interface design and the digital divideUser-friendly sometimes analogous with usability, though it refers more to accessibility2human-centred design processUnderstand and specify the context of useSpecifies the user requirementsProduces design solutionsIs iterativeEvaluatesBevan 2009Week 10 Designing for Usability3WeekInformation Designer usability < user-experienceISO: Ergonomics of human-system interaction-Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systemsUsability: the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.from ISO 9241-11User experience: "a person's perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service". Includes all aspects of usability and desirability from ISO 9241-210It's about the quality of user experience, not about the technology itself but the user experience is better when the usability is better

Week 10 Designing for Usability4Weekergonomics study of efficiencyThe science of human usability has been around since WWIIin aviation engineering "usability criteria can be used to assess aspects of user experience"

User experience = road trip via automobileInformation architecture = roads built for automobilesUsability = easy to read signs on the road4about Standards Standards impose

consistency, compatibility, quality interoperability and safetyovercome technical barriersprovide definitive, authoritative widely agreed statements of good practicehelp organizations meet their legal requirements under disability and health & safety legislation can provide well-defined evaluation or testing methodssome relevant examplesISO W3C

Week 10 Designing for Usability5Weekdefinitions of usability General human-system interactionUsability (earlier definition)ease of use: efficiency, effectiveness, satisfactionin UX (expanded definition)ease of use + usefulness, desirability, credibility and accessibility

Specific web-usabilityNielsen, Shneidermanefficiency, learnability, memorability, error reduction, satisfaction

6Week 10 Designing for UsabilityWeekFactors central to usability rather than definitions6

indications of a high level of usability

When a product or system

requires less mental effort to usethe frequency of mistakes using it is less or when the mistakes are less disastrousis more powerful, does more or is fasteris more learnable

Travis 2011

Week 10 Designing for Usability7Weekusability toolsUser testseye tracking or heat tracking heuristicsrating scales thinking aloud participative design card sortingfocus groupsquestionnaires toolkits Week 10 Designing for UsabilityWeeka usability model

Week 10 Designing for Usability9Van Welies layered model of usability 1999Weeka UX modelWeek 10 Designing for Usability

10http://www.neospot.se/usability-vs-user-experience/ Weekdifferent approaches incorporating usabilityWeek 10 Designing for Usability11User-centred Design is designing tools and products from the perspective of how it will be understood and used by a user, to improve usability

UX emphasizes "experience" and allows for a balance between user needs and business goals. Usability can test UX

Universal Usability and Accessibility: universally usable and accessible by everyone, regardless of age, ability, disability, identity

Universal Design : designing tools or products which are usable by people with the widest possible range of abilities, operating within the widest possible range of situations, beyond digital technology l

WeekUsability is located in two theoretical approaches or philosophies. Learnability and accessibility are sometimes considered separate characteristics of user-centred designCentre for Universal design at http://www.ncsu.edu/project/design-projects/udi/ 11Week 10 Designing for Usability12

aesthetics vs. functionality debate Weekaesthetics vs. functionality13Week 10 Designing for UsabilityBalancing two interrelated but sometimes conflicting elements

aesthetics presentation experience"Aesthetic designs are perceived as easier to use than less-aesthetic designsLidwell 2003

functionality usabilityinformationalit makes little sense wasting time on its packagingNielsen 1993

WeekAestheitc is not must attracive but alos where the focus is on the visual, not only the textual. Its not a matter of pretty vs. practical. Seeing the Whole and Shedroffs sensorial design have something of the aesthetic approach; its more to do with visual vs. non-visual learning and hierarchy of needs 13integrated approachBroad or wholistic approaches that incorporate usabilityUX's "delightful and meaningful experience"Shedroffs sensorial designPetterssons universal design: aesthetic, economic, & ergonomiclegiblereadablemeaningfulunityLidwells hierarchy of needslow-level needs before higher level needsWeek 10 Designing for Usability14WeekLidwells hierarchy of needsfunctionalityreliabilityusabilityproficiencycreativity Week 10 Designing for Usability15

Weekself-actualization relates to flow states, or oneness, overcoming Selfand other divided15some examples: reliability, efficient 16Week 10 Designing for Usabilityease of use (usability literally)speed, flexibilityno tech support or user guides

simplicity make as simple and intuitive to use as possible

Week(wetlandsfactsheets16usefulness or effectivenessmemorabilityif you stop using a product or system for a long period of time, can you remember how to use it once you go back to it?credibility and error reduction how often do users make errors while using the system or product, how do users recover from these errors?learnabilityfamiliarityconsistency of designvisibilitypredictability

17Week 10 Designing for UsabilityWeeklearnability: the Medieval Help-desk usefulness, desirability, credibility and accessibility 17effectiveness and efficiencyWeek 10 Designing for Usability18

Weeksatisfaction19is it useful? is it productive?does it fulfill its purpose? do you enjoy using the product/system?Week 10 Designing for Usability

Weekonly the users can really decide thisis it productive? does it make the users feel better, more skillful, more intelligent more in control?

19UX or user-friendlyis the product/system potentially inappropriate?

London 2012 Olympics logodesigned Wolff Olinsunveiled 4 June 2007cost 400,000

20Week 10 Designing for Usability

Theres an old saying in the ad game: try not to give people seizures

Daily Show: London Logo Thursday June 7, 2007Weekuser-friendly sometimes equated with usability 20clip from the original logo video

Week 10 Designing for Usability21Weeksome examples But is it still useful and usable? experience design interaction design form meets function - desirable designinformation designdon't confuse a site's organization, its information design, with the representation of its organization or its visual design. How a site looks is important, but the representation is ultimately not as important as its organization (Shedroff 1994)

Week 10 Designing for Usability22Weeksesame street: There are three distinct layers of information presented here, all with sophisticated humor. The first is the teaching of letters, numbers, relationships, behavior, etc. The second is the humor wrapped around these lessons. And the third are the jokes that fly way over the kid's heads meant for the adults watching with them. This show never falls short of being both entertaining AND educational. Just don't call it edutainment22accessibility accessibility is concerned primarily with making the content and functionality of web sites accessiblewithin reachto all users

universal usability goes one step further, striving to make the content and functionality accessible and usable by all

23Week 10 Designing for Usability

Weekuniversal usability 24Week 10 Designing for UsabilityDesigning information & communication products and services usable by all regardless of identity and ability

different identities (age, culture, demographics, sexuality, gender etc) visually, physically, hearing and cognitive impairedrelationship to accessibility

three challenges:

technology variety user diversitygaps in user knowledgeWeekThree challenges:technology variety user diversitygaps in user knowledgeleads to the problem of dumbing down 24usability evaluation methodsuniversal design

... is a design strategy that helps to reach the goal of ...Universal Accessheuristics evaluation or rule of thumbNielsons 10 heuristics, Shneidermans 8 golden rulesused mostly by web developer/designers cost effective method biased by the preconceptions of the evaluatorsHeuristics are useful but nothing is as informative as an actual empirical study with real users

user testing / inquiry methodsinterviews, focus groupssurveys task analysis.Week 10 Designing for Usability25

Weekcommon barriers to designing for usabilitypoor project managementcost timenot consulting with users users decide when a product is easy to use not understanding users

people use products to be productivenot an iterative process Need drafts and road testing26Week 10 Designing for UsabilityWeekusability means focusing on users

good design doesn't mean getting it right the first time2. people use products to be productive3. users are busy people trying to accomplish tasks4. users decide when a product is easy to use 26printing tips choose the right paperuse high resolution imagestake it to the printer 2-3 days before duetake to the printerInDesign filecopy of each image usedyour draft mock-upyour .pdf filehome printingwon't print to the bleed

Week 10 Designing for Usability27Weekreferences 10 Usability Heuristics accessed 3 May 2012 at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWc0Fd2AS3s&feature=related Australian Human Rights Commission, accessed 2 May 2011 at http://www.hreoc.gov.au/site/accessibility/index.html Bevan, N. 2009, International Standards for Usability Should Be More Widely Used, Journal of Usability Studies, vol. 4, No, 3, pp. 106-113Centre for Universal Design, available at http://www.ncsu.edu/project/design-projects/udi/Jacob Nielsens Useit.com, accessed 3 May 2012 at http://www.useit.com/ Lidwell W., Holden K. & Butler J. 2003, Universal Principles of Design, Gloucester, Ma. : Rockport, 2003.OConnor, P. 2005, Conflicting Viewpoints on Web Design, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, available at UTS lIbrary Catalogue eReadings Stewart, T. Usability or User Experience - What's the difference? accessed 4 May 2013 at http://www.system-concepts.com/articles/usability-articles/2008/usability-or-user-experience-whats-the-difference.html Travis, D. 2011, ISO 13407 is dead. Long live ISO 9241-210! accessed 5 Nay 2013 at http://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/iso-13407-is-dead.html Usability First, accessed 3 May 2012 at http://www.usabilityfirst.com/Van Welie, M.1999, Breaking down usability, available at www.welie.com/papers/Interact99.pdf

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