u.s. space-based positioning, navigation, and timing program, policy and international cooperation...

U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program,

Policy and International Cooperation

Location India 2008New Delhi, India

February 6-8, 2008

Robert Ford, Senior AdvisorOffice of Space and Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science

U.S. State Department

2Location India 2008, New Delhi, India Feb 6-8, 2008

Introduction

• Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical component of the global information infrastructure – Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities – Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety,

environmental, public security, and science

• Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) – Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and

performance– Augmentations improve performance even further


Overview

• Current GPS Program and

Augmentations

• Modernization Plans

• National Space-Based PNT Policy

• International Cooperation

• Summary


Current Constellation

• 13 Block IIA satellites operational

• 12 Block IIR satellites operational– Modernizing 5 remaining Block IIR

satellites

• 5 Block IIR-M satellites operational– Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)

• Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch needs

• Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993

30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24)

30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24)


International Augmentations

Differential GPS Networks

International GNSS Service Global Differential GPS System

Space-Based Augmentation Systems

6

IGNSS 2007

GPS constellation –Delivering excellent performance

Standard

Performance Improving

Performance Improving


GPS Modernization

• System-wide improvements in:

– Accuracy

– Availability

– Integrity

– Reliability

• Backward compatibility

• Robustness against interference

• Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use

• Interoperability with other GNSS constellations


GPS III Satellites & Civil Signals

• Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate increasing power requirements– Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility

– Separate contracts for space and ground segments

– Acquisition processes for control segment /satellite are underway

• OCX Request for Proposal Released; contract awarded on Nov 23 07

• GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released

• Civil benefits– Provides operational capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil

signals

• In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites

– Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo

– Significant increase in system accuracy

– Improved availability of accuracy with integrity


United States Policy History

• 1983: President Reagan offers free civilian access to GPS

• 1996: President Clinton issues first U.S. GPS policy

– Designates GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management

• 1997: Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to be provided free of direct user fees

• 2004: President Bush issues U.S. policy on space-based PNT


2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• Recognizes the changing international scene– Other nations implementing space-based systems

that provide PNT services

• National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee– Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and

Transportation

– Membership includes: State, Commerce, Homeland Security, Interior, Joint Chief of Staffs, and NASA

• Established National Coordination Office (NCO) with staff from each member agency

Updated policy retains 1996 principlesUpdated policy retains 1996 principles


National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure

WHITE HOUSEWHITE HOUSE

NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE


ADVISORYBOARD

Sponsor: NASA

ADVISORYBOARD

Sponsor: NASA

DefenseDefense

TransportationTransportation

StateState

CommerceCommerce

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

Joint Chiefs of StaffJoint Chiefs of Staff

NASANASA

NATIONAL COORDINATION

OFFICE

Host: Commerce


OFFICE

Host: Commerce

WHITE HOUSEWHITE HOUSE

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

DefenseDefense

TransportationTransportation

StateState

CommerceCommerce

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

InteriorInterior

Joint Chiefs of StaffJoint Chiefs of Staff

NASANASA

NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT

Executive Steering Group


NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT

Executive Steering Group



OFFICEHost: Commerce


OFFICEHost: Commerce


U.S. Department & Agency Activities

• PNT Executive Committee meets regularly

• International Coordination and Cooperation – State

– Accelerating bilateral and multilateral activities

• Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan – DHS

• DOD and DOT PNT Architecture for 2025

• DOD Selective Availability (SA)

– SA feature was used in the past to intentionally degrade civilian GPS service; implemented in 1995 but not used outside tests/exercises, discontinued in May 2000

– GPS III satellites will NOT include SAT capability

– Decision announced at 36th ICAO Assembly Sep. 2007


National Coordination Office (NCO)

• Facilitates information sharing, coordination, and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT across all Departments

• Facilitates coordination among Agencies re: plans to modernize U.S. space-based PNT infrastructure

• Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies, analyses, and projects that have broad U.S. Government participation

• Represents Executive Committee in discussion with state and local entities, foreign governments, and international organizations


Advisory Board

• Conducts assessments & makes recommendations to the ExCom in support of national policy goals and objectives related to space-based PNT

• Focuses on leadership, strategic engagement and communication, and future challenges

• Twenty-four members; 6 international members; meets twice a year since March 2007


U.S. National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Policy – Objectives

• Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis .

• Improve capabilities to prevent hostile use of space-based PNT services to protect the mutual security concerns of the U.S. and its allies.

• Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems.

• Maintain GPS as a component of multiple sectors of U.S critical infrastructure.

• Encourage international development of PNT systems based on GPS - seek to ensure international systems are interoperable, or at a minimum, compatible with civil GPS and its augmentations.


Bilateral GPS Cooperation

• U.S.-EU: GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement of 2004– Established four Work Groups

– July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC)

• U.S.-India: Expanded cooperation since 2004 under Next Steps in Strategic Partnership and new Joint Working Group on Civil Space Cooperation – Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation adopted at second

Joint Working Group meeting, February 2007, text available at http://www.state.gov/g/oes/rls/or/81450.htm

– Several meetings held between U.S. and Indian experts on compatibility, interoperability and spectrum coordination, including technical meetings last week in Bangalore

– Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions


Bilateral GPS Cooperation (C0nt’d)

•U.S.-Russia: Negotiating GPS-GLONASS Cooperation Agreement since 2005 – Discussing greater interoperability of civil GPS-

GLONASS signals

– Russia WG-1 chair prop0sed adopting two new civil CDMA signals at L1, L5, interoperable with GPS

•U.S.-Japan: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 1996- QZSS design to be compatible, interoperable with GPS

- Working to establish QZSS monitoring stations in Hawaii/Guam


Other International Activities

• U.S. held GPS bilateral consultations with Australia, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, South Africa, and others

• Continuing interest in GPS-related issues that arise in multilateral organizations (ITU, ICAO, IMO, NATO, etc)

• Influenced APEC/GNSS Implementation Team to broaden GNSS applications in all modes of transportation and beyond

• International Committee on GNSS (ICG) will help us broaden the dialogue among users and developers


International Committee on GNSS (ICG)

• Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999

• Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particular in developing countries

• Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems

• Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia, China Japan, India) and international user groups to address common issues, e.g. reference frame, orbital debris


ICG (Continued)

• Exchange Views on ICG Work Plan by Work Groups– A. Interoperability and compatibility

– B. Enhancement of Performance of GNSS Services

– C. Information dissemination, education, outreach & coordination

– D. Interaction with monitoring and reference station network orgs.

• First Providers Forum and ICG-2 held in India September 2007– Providers agreed on interoperability and compatibility terms

including spectral separation between each system’s authorized service signals and other system’s signals

– China requested to be recognized as a GNSS Provider

• U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Cal. December 8-12, 2008As new space-based GNSS emerges globally,

interoperability is the key to “success for all”

As new space-based GNSS emerges globally, interoperability is the key to “success for

all”


Summary

• GPS performance is getting better and continuing to improve– Augmentations enable high performance today

– Second new GPS signal now available

– No Selective Availability features in GPS III

• U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide stability and transparency for users and industry

– Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations

• U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and augmentations is stronger and more active

– Many policy implementation actions in progress

• International cooperation is a U.S. top priority


Contact Information

Robert J. FordSenior Advisor

U.S. State DepartmentOES/SAT, SA-23 Suite 410Washington, D.C. 20520

Ph: (202) 663-2673 Fax: (202) 663-2402

[email protected]


Web-based Information

• PNT.gov established to disseminate information on the U.S. National Executive Committee – Information on the U.S. National Policy, Exec

Committee membership, the Advisory Board, and frequently asked questions

– Recent public presentations to include this presentation

• GPS.gov established to disseminate information on GPS applications– Brochure on GPS applications also available in

hardcopy upon request– Contains additional links to various other websites

u.s. space-based positioning, navigation, and timing program, policy and international cooperation...

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