US Nationalism

US History

What is nationalism?

• Pair-share (2 minutes)– What does it mean?– What are examples of nationalistic

behavior?

Along with sectionalism, nationalism

• After 1812, Americans had strong national pride.– Yes, people started to consider themselves

“northerners,” “southerners.”– BUT pride in being American persisted

among all US citizens.

American system

• Even as different economies grew up in N & S, President Madison presented a plan for unifying the country.– He wanted

• to unite the different regions.• to create a strong stable

economy to make the country self-sufficient.

– A 3-point plan for Congress….

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“American System”• Develop transportation

systems.• Establish protective tariffs• Resurrect the national bank

– Under Washington, it started.– Under Jefferson, it was demoted.

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“American System”• Plan was recognized all around as

promising.– Even critics, like Henry Clay (the Speaker of

the House) promoted it.– Clay: It will unite the country, because each

part of the country has a role:• North: makes industrial goods; South and West

buys them.• South and West: cotton, grain, and meat• One stable currency will be used everywhere.• Transportation system ties everything together. • US can finally be free of European economic

strings.

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National Power boosted by Supreme Court

• Series of court cases gave national govt more power over state govt.– Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824):

only the federal govt can regulate interstate commerce.

– McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819): a state cannot tax the federal “Bank of the US”

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National Power boosted by Supreme Court

– Fletcher vs. Park (1810): Georgia law overturned; it violated Constitutional right to enter into contracts.

– Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819): a state cannot interfere with contracts.

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Nationalism in Foreign Policy

• Monroe Doctrine (1823)• But also other “John Quincy Adams”

treaties:– Rush-Bagot (1817): US and Canada

demilitarize their common border.– Convention of 1818:

• US northern border fixed at 49th parallel up to the Rockies

• for 10 years Britain and US will jointly occupy Oregon Territory

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Nationalism in Foreign Policy

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819):– Spain--too weak to defend its

territories in the New World--ceded Florida to US AND

– Gave up claims to the Oregon Territory. QuickTime™ and a

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Nationalism in the West

• Americans streamed into Northwest Territory– NW Territory? Present-day…

• …Ohio• …Indiana• …Illinois• …Wisconsin• …Michigan

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Why move West?• A new life starting over:

escaping debts, avoid the law.

• Mostly wealth: cheap, fertile, abundant land.

• Social gains: easy to change occupations; in many places, no restrictions by race

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Missouri Compromise• Territory to State process:

– Once the territory reaches 60,000 people, they can apply for statehood:

– You need to:• petition the Union for admission.• draft a state constitution.• elect representatives.

• But in Missouri territory, nationalist spirit came up against slavery…

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Missouri Compromise

• 1818 US had 10 free and 10 slave states.– Illinois entered US as 11th free state.– Southerners expected Missouri to balance as

11th slave state.– BUT a New York State Congressman (James

Tallmadge) got the House of Reps to change Missouri’s statehood bill.

• Missouri had to free its slaves!

Missouri Compromise

• In the Senate, southerners blocked the House’s bill.

• Meanwhile, Alabama came into the Union as the 11th slave state instead.

• Now, where would Missouri enter?

Accusations

• Southerners: “Northerners want to get rid of slavery.”

• Northerners: “Southerners are trying to spread slavery to new territories.”

• Tension was high: already civil war was mentioned as a possibility.

Solution?

• Henry Clay (House Speaker) came up with temporary solution:– Missouri Compromise: series of

agreements to resolve crisis.– 1. Maine came in as free; Missouri came

in as slave

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Solution?– 2. Rest of Louisiana

Territory was divided north and south at 36 30 latitude.

• South of line: slavery legal• North of line (except

Missouri): slavery banned.

• Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise in 1820.– The issue was postponed…

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