nationalism around the world. nationalism in the middle east
TRANSCRIPT
Nationalism Around the
World
Nationalism in the Middle
East
Decline & Fall of the Ottoman Empire• Been growing
steadily weaker since 1800.
• Lost territory in Europe & N. Africa.
• Suspended constitution 1876– Switched to
authoritarian rule until 1908
Impact of WWI• Ottoman government
allied with Germany• British sought to
undermine Ottoman rule
• Declared Arabia independent from Ottoman Rule
• Ottoman Empire made peace with allies 1918
• O.E. collapsed end of WWI
Armenian Genocide• Ottoman government accused
Armenians of supporting the Russians & began brutal campaign to kill or exile all Armenians – 1915
• Estimated 1-1.5 million killed– Massacres, starvation
• Genocide – deliberate mass murder of a particular racial, political, or social group
• Ethnic cleansing
Emergence of a Turkish Republic• Only Turkey under Ottoman control
• Greece invades Turkey
• Alarmed the Turks &
they created the
Republic of Turkey
• Ottoman Empire
truly at an end
Cyprus (still half Turk/half Greek)
Modernization of Turkey• Democratic system
put into place• Arab elements
eliminated • Westernized
Education, factories, modernization, farming
• Anything Muslim was eliminated
Beginnings of Modern Iran• Persians relied on Russia & G.B. for help• Growing foreign presence in Persia• Oil was discovered in 1908• Became Iran 1935• Foreign powers continued to harass Iran due to Oil!
Persian Empire at its height
Growing sense of Arab Nationalism
throughout the Middle East
• United by language, Islamic culture, religious heritage
• Mandates created by Euro powers
• Ibn Saud united Arabs in Northern Arabian peninsula
• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932• At first poor- then oil!!!• U.S. prospectors find oil & flooded it
with western industries
Ibn Saud
Problems with Palestine• Home to Jews in
antiquity exiled• Jewish presence
remained, Muslim Arabs 80%
• Conflict because both groups saw area as religious homeland
Problems in Palestine cont…• 1890’s- Zionist movement- want to
return Palestine to Jewish State• Arabs- their ancestors have been
there also• Anti- Semitism throughout Europe
made many Jews migrate to Palestine
• Balfour Declaration (British Government)– Support national home for Jews– Should not undermine rights of non-
Jews thereFounder of the Zionist movement
Problems with Palestine cont…
• Nazis increase- Jews flee to Palestine
• Jewish/ Muslim tensions flared
• 1939- Britain declared only 75,000 Jews could immigrate
• Intensified tension & violence
Brown areas= Palestinian
Orange=Israeli