US History Fall Midterm Review

Unit 5:The Late

Antebellum Era (1840-1860)

When Americans were colonists (1607-1783),

the western border was the Appalachian Mountains

After the Revolutionary War, the western border of the U.S. was the Mississippi River

After Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the western border was the Rocky Mountains

By 1850, the western border was the Pacific Ocean

from Oregon to California

Annexation of Texas (1845)

Annexation of Oregon (1846)

Mexican-American War (1846-1848), Treaty of

Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexican Cession (1848)

California Gold Rush (1849)

In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise

Missouri became a slave state

Maine broke from Massachusetts & became a free state

Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36°30'

The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional dispute between North & South

California entered as a

free state

The people of Utah & New Mexico could vote to allow or ban slavery (popular sovereignty)

A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created that allowed

Southerners to recapture slaves in the North

The slave trade ended in

Washington DC

Abolitionists

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Unit 6:The Civil War & Reconstruction

(1861-1877)

The Confederate States of America

Advantages of the Union & Confederacy

The Civil War

Antietam, 1862: Convinced England &

France not to join war with CSA & convinced Lincoln to

issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Vicksburg, 1863: Cut off Southern access to Mississippi River & led to

Ulysses Grant’s promotion

Gettysburg, 1863: The “turning point” of the Civil

War

Emancipation Proclamation in 1863

Reconstruction: 1865-1877

■ Presidential Reconstruction (A Johnson)

–States could come back into the USA once they ratified the 13th Amendment

–Southerners created black codes to keep African-Americans inferior

■ Congressional Reconstruction (led by the “Radical Republicans”)–The South was placed under military

rule & divided into 5 zones–Southern states were forced to ratify the

14th & 15th Amendments

Reconstruction Legislation ■From 1865 to 1877, blacks were

protected & given rights as citizens –1313thth Amendment Amendment ended slavery–1414thth Amendment Amendment made it illegal to

discriminate against people due to race, gender, religion

–1515thth Amendment Amendment gave all black men the right to vote

–Freedman’s Bureau created to provide food, 40 acres & a mule, & schools for African-Americans

Radical Reconstruction (1867-1877)Created 5 military districts to enforce ReconstructionCreated 5 military districts to enforce ReconstructionBut, Radical Reconstruction was not

adequate to enforce equality in the South

Black codes were common in many parts of the South

A secret society called the Ku Klux Klan was created to keep blacks

inferior & return “Redeemer Democrats”

to power

■ Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment:–President Johnson interfered with the

“Radical Reconstruction” plan & was the 1st president to be impeachedimpeached

–But he was not removed from office

■ The end of Reconstruction:–The “Second Corrupt Bargain”

(the “Compromise of 1877”) –President Hayes removed federal troops

& ended military zones–“Jim Crow” era began (1877-1954)–Legal segregation in the South

Jim Crow Era (1877 to 1954)■ Jim Crow laws keep blacks from voting

–Literacy tests—voters have to read

–Poll taxes—voters must pay a tax

–Grandfather clauses—allowed whites to avoid literacy test & poll taxes

■ In Plessy v Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court said segregation was OK (“separate but equal”)

“Jim Crow” South from 1877 to 1954