urinary disorders. renal calculi (kidney stone) made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid...
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URINARY DISORDERSURINARY DISORDERS
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RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone)RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone) Made of crystals of calcium
phosphate and uric acid Gradually they grow larger
until they block the ureter First symptom – severe pain Other symptoms – nausea and
vomiting, urine frequency, chills, fever, and hematuria
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RENAL CALCULI RENAL CALCULI (KIDNEY STONES(KIDNEY STONES
Diagnosis – by symptoms, utlrasound, or x-ray
Rx – increase fluids to flush out stones, medications, and if needed - LITHOTRIPSY
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LITHROTRIPSYLITHROTRIPSYSurgical procedure to remove kidney stonesShock waves hit dense stones and break
them up Done on outpatient basis
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CystitisCystitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder
Most common cause – E.Coli
Symptoms = DYSURIA (painful urination) and frequency
Usually in females (shorter urethra)
Rx - antibiotics
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NephritisNephritis
Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection)
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IncontinenceIncontinence
Involuntary urination
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DialysisDialysis Used for kidney failure Involves the passage of
blood through a device with semipermeable membrane
Dialysis serves as a substitute kidney
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HemodialysisHemodialysis Blood from patient flows
through machine and its filtered
Usually a FISTULA is created (opening between vein and artery) for inserting needles
Can be done at home or in clinic
Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week
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Peritoneal DialysisPeritoneal Dialysis Uses the peritoneal
lining to filter blood
Dialysate (cleaning solution) flows in and out via a catheter tube
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Kidney TransplantKidney Transplant Done as a last resort Involves donor organ
from someone with a similar immune system
Main complication - rejection
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Urinary ConditionsUrinary Conditions
ENURESIS - bedwetting GLYCOSURIA – sugar in urine
NOCTURIA – frequent urination at night Hematuria – blood in urine
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More Urinary ConditonsMore Urinary Conditons
Polyuria—large amounts of urine
Anuria—no urine is produced
Oliguria—small or scant amount of urine—early sign of kidney failure
Pyuria—pus in the urine
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DiureticDiuretic
Also called “fluid pill”Drug or substance to increase urine
production
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