Unit XXII – Colonialism Unit XXII – Colonialism and Independence in and Independence in India and PakistanIndia and Pakistan

The Colonial Period (1-4)The Colonial Period (1-4)

The Independence Movement (5-11)The Independence Movement (5-11)

Kashmir (12-17)Kashmir (12-17)

Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved

1. Colonial India 1. Colonial India

2. The Early 2. The Early ColonizersColonizers A. The Portuguese Traders - late A. The Portuguese Traders - late

1400’s, and early 1500’s1400’s, and early 1500’s

B. The British East India Company – B. The British East India Company – early 1600’s, obtained trading rights early 1600’s, obtained trading rights from the Mughal Empire (Muslim Indian from the Mughal Empire (Muslim Indian Empire)Empire)

3. Video3. Video

4. Conquering India4. Conquering India

A. A. How were the British able to conquer How were the British able to conquer such a large area is South Asia?such a large area is South Asia?

1. India had many different cultures and 1. India had many different cultures and languages which divided India when the languages which divided India when the Mughal Empire fell.Mughal Empire fell.

2. Indians could not unite against the 2. Indians could not unite against the newcomers because of ethnic newcomers because of ethnic differences.differences.

3. The British had superior weapons3. The British had superior weapons 4. The British played the princes against 4. The British played the princes against

one another.one another.

5. British Policy in 5. British Policy in IndiaIndia A. What was the main goal of the A. What was the main goal of the

British East India company?British East India company?

B. In what ways did the British try B. In what ways did the British try to change India?to change India?

C. How did Indians feel about C. How did Indians feel about British interference and British interference and domination?domination?

6. Rebellion6. Rebellion

A. The Sepoy Rebellion A. The Sepoy Rebellion B. unequal British colonial policyB. unequal British colonial policy C. A clash of culturesC. A clash of cultures D. growing nationalism in the D. growing nationalism in the

1800’s1800’s E. The Indian National Congress E. The Indian National Congress

(1885)(1885) F. The Muslim LeagueF. The Muslim League

7. Mohandis Gandhi 7. Mohandis Gandhi and Muhammad Ali and Muhammad Ali

JinnahJinnah

8. Video8. Video

9. The Amritsar 9. The Amritsar Massacre and the Salt Massacre and the Salt

MarchMarch A. What was the Amritsar Massacre A. What was the Amritsar Massacre

and when did it take place?and when did it take place?

B. Why was it considered a turning B. Why was it considered a turning point for many Indians?point for many Indians?

C. What was the Salt March and when C. What was the Salt March and when did it take place?did it take place?

D. Why was it important in the D. Why was it important in the independence movement? independence movement?

10. The Amritsar 10. The Amritsar Massacre of 1919Massacre of 1919

11. The Salt March11. The Salt March

12. Indian Independence 12. Indian Independence and a Separate Muslim and a Separate Muslim StateState A. The British begin to give in.A. The British begin to give in.

B. Independence in 1947B. Independence in 1947

C. Hindu – Muslim violenceC. Hindu – Muslim violence

D. Independence for Pakistan D. Independence for Pakistan

13. A Divided India - 13. A Divided India - 19471947

14. The Problems 14. The Problems Today in KashmirToday in Kashmir

A. Northern India was claimed by both A. Northern India was claimed by both Pakistan and India with both Muslims and Pakistan and India with both Muslims and Hindus living there. It was divided.Hindus living there. It was divided.

A Muslim guerilla war to get India out of A Muslim guerilla war to get India out of its portion of Kashmir began and its portion of Kashmir began and continued until recently. At times these continued until recently. At times these two nations had battles and brought the two nations had battles and brought the world close to nuclear war (both countries world close to nuclear war (both countries possessed nuclear weapons)possessed nuclear weapons)

15. The Division of 15. The Division of KashmirKashmir

16. Reasons for 16. Reasons for Muslim – Hindu HatredMuslim – Hindu Hatred

A. What are the reason for A. What are the reason for Muslim-Hindu hatred?Muslim-Hindu hatred?

1. Hindu resentment of Islam 1. Hindu resentment of Islam 2. Mughal domination2. Mughal domination 3. religious differences3. religious differences 4. religious persecution4. religious persecution 5. unwarranted fears5. unwarranted fears 6. religious extremism 6. religious extremism

17. The Earthquake of 17. The Earthquake of 20052005

A. In October of 2005 a massive A. In October of 2005 a massive earthquake struck the Muslim earthquake struck the Muslim section of Kashmir killing tens of section of Kashmir killing tens of thousands in very remote regions.thousands in very remote regions.

B. India was quick to send generous B. India was quick to send generous relief teams, supplies, and money. relief teams, supplies, and money. Pakistan was very thankful for the Pakistan was very thankful for the help help

C. Tensions are temporarily better.C. Tensions are temporarily better.

18. The 2005 18. The 2005 EarthquakeEarthquake

19. 2005 Earthquake 19. 2005 Earthquake MapMap

20. Important Terms 20. Important Terms and Peopleand People

A. British East A. British East India Co.India Co.

B. Sepoy B. Sepoy RebellionRebellion

C. Indian National C. Indian National CongressCongress

D. Amritsar D. Amritsar MassacreMassacre

E. Salt MarchE. Salt March F. peaceful civil F. peaceful civil

disobediencedisobedience

G. Mohandis G. Mohandis GandhiGandhi

H. Muhammad Ali H. Muhammad Ali JinnahJinnah

I. Muslim LeagueI. Muslim League J. the partition of J. the partition of

IndiaIndia K. KashmirK. Kashmir L. religious L. religious

extremistextremist M. guerilla warfareM. guerilla warfare