Chapter 10Chapter 10

A Blending of A Blending of CulturesCultures

MexicoMexico

Colonialism and IndependenceColonialism and Independence

Present-day Mexico was occupied by Present-day Mexico was occupied by several native peoples.several native peoples.

These people included the Toltecs, These people included the Toltecs, Maya, and the Aztecs.Maya, and the Aztecs.

Teotihuacan was an early city-state. Teotihuacan was an early city-state.

Colonialism and IndependenceColonialism and Independence

1519, Hernan(do) Cortes landed on the 1519, Hernan(do) Cortes landed on the east coast of Mexico.east coast of Mexico.

He marched his army to Tenochtitlan and He marched his army to Tenochtitlan and met Montezuma.met Montezuma.

By 1527, he had conquered the Aztecs.By 1527, he had conquered the Aztecs.

Colony and CountryColony and Country

For centuries, Mexico was under Spanish For centuries, Mexico was under Spanish rule.rule.

In 1821, Mexico gained its independence In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain.from Spain.

Even free of Spain, Mexico’s land was Even free of Spain, Mexico’s land was unequally divided.unequally divided.

Colony and CountryColony and Country

In the mid-19In the mid-19thth century, Benito Juarez led century, Benito Juarez led a reform movement and became presidenta reform movement and became president

Juarez was succeeded by the dishonest Juarez was succeeded by the dishonest Diaz.Diaz.

Diaz’s rule brought about Mexican civil warDiaz’s rule brought about Mexican civil war

A New constitution was written in 1917.A New constitution was written in 1917.

One Party RuleOne Party Rule

1929, the Institutional Revolutionary Party 1929, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) arose and introduced democracy.(PRI) arose and introduced democracy.

1997, two parties formed to oppose the 1997, two parties formed to oppose the PRIPRI

2000, Vicente Fox, National Action Party 2000, Vicente Fox, National Action Party became president.became president.

This ended 71 years of PRI rule.This ended 71 years of PRI rule.

Meeting CulturesMeeting Cultures

The Aztecs and the SpanishThe Aztecs and the Spanish– The Aztec Empire arose in the Valley of The Aztec Empire arose in the Valley of

Mexico.Mexico.– They arrived there around A.D. 1200.They arrived there around A.D. 1200.– They built their capital, Tenochtitlan, in the They built their capital, Tenochtitlan, in the

middle of Lake Texcoco.middle of Lake Texcoco.– The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice.The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice.

The Aztecs and the SpanishThe Aztecs and the Spanish

Cortez conquered the Aztecs and built Cortez conquered the Aztecs and built Mexico City on top of Tenochtitlan.Mexico City on top of Tenochtitlan.

The name Mexico comes from an older The name Mexico comes from an older name for the Aztecs called Mexica.name for the Aztecs called Mexica.

The Spanish and Aztec cultures began to The Spanish and Aztec cultures began to intermingle and became known as intermingle and became known as mestizosmestizos. .

Mexican PaintersMexican Painters

Mexican Art is known for its muralists.Mexican Art is known for its muralists.

Ex: Jose Orozco, Diego Rivera, Juan Ex: Jose Orozco, Diego Rivera, Juan O’Gorman.O’Gorman.

Frida Kahlo is known for her self portraits.Frida Kahlo is known for her self portraits.

These painters blended European and These painters blended European and Native American styles.Native American styles.

ArchitectureArchitecture

Aztec buildings were based on pyramids Aztec buildings were based on pyramids and other basic geometric shapes.and other basic geometric shapes.

The Spanish built missions and later The Spanish built missions and later cathedrals in a more European influenced cathedrals in a more European influenced architecture.architecture.

EconomicsEconomics

Two Problems Mexico Struggles with:Two Problems Mexico Struggles with:

1. Closing the gap between rich & poor.1. Closing the gap between rich & poor.

2. Attempt to develop modern industry.2. Attempt to develop modern industry.

Mexico has traditionally been an Mexico has traditionally been an agricultural society.agricultural society.

Oil and ManufactureOil and Manufacture

Oil reserves are found off the Gulf Coast.Oil reserves are found off the Gulf Coast.

Manufacturing is the most important Manufacturing is the most important industry.industry.

Maquiladores – Maquiladores – Factories that assemble Factories that assemble imported parts and then export the imported parts and then export the assembled product.assembled product.

Mexico TodayMexico Today

Emigration has greatly impacted family life Emigration has greatly impacted family life in Mexico.in Mexico.

Brain Drain – skilled labor going to other Brain Drain – skilled labor going to other countries to find work and leaving countries to find work and leaving unskilled labor in Mexico.unskilled labor in Mexico.

Mayan InfluenceMayan Influence

The Maya inhabited the Yucatan, Belize, The Maya inhabited the Yucatan, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.

Each city was ruled by a god-king.Each city was ruled by a god-king.

Pyramids of Tikal were among the tallest Pyramids of Tikal were among the tallest structures in the Americas until the 20structures in the Americas until the 20thth Century.Century.

Spanish in Central AmericaSpanish in Central America

1823, Central America declared itself 1823, Central America declared itself independent from Mexico.independent from Mexico.

Formed the United Provinces of Central Formed the United Provinces of Central America.America.

By 1830, this confederation had split into By 1830, this confederation had split into the countries of today.the countries of today.

Caribbean InfluencesCaribbean Influences

1492, Columbus lands in Hispanola.1492, Columbus lands in Hispanola.

He called the natives Indians, however He called the natives Indians, however they were really the Taino.they were really the Taino.

Taino died from European and African Taino died from European and African disease.disease.

Spanish replaced them with African Spanish replaced them with African slaves.slaves.

Caribbean IndependenceCaribbean Independence

First independence movement was a slave First independence movement was a slave revolt on Haiti.revolt on Haiti.

Toussant L’Ouverture led this revolt in the Toussant L’Ouverture led this revolt in the 1790’s.1790’s.

1804 Haiti was free from France.1804 Haiti was free from France.

Cuba gained independence in 1898, Cuba gained independence in 1898, became self-governing in 1902.became self-governing in 1902.

CultureCulture

Combination of Native American and Combination of Native American and Spanish.Spanish.

Predominantly Roman Catholic.Predominantly Roman Catholic.

The Caribbean shares cultures with many The Caribbean shares cultures with many other European countries.other European countries.

EconomicsEconomics

Sugar Cane is among the largest exports Sugar Cane is among the largest exports from the Caribbean.from the Caribbean.

Panama Canal is the major trade center in Panama Canal is the major trade center in the region.the region.

Informal Economy – Informal Economy – Finding ways to make Finding ways to make money outside of official channels.money outside of official channels.

MusicMusic

Calypso & Reggae come from this region.Calypso & Reggae come from this region.