How Exploration and Colonization impacted

European and world development

Unit: September 16-19European Empires

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SPONGE:Which European country was the first to begin world exploration? What are the other two countries that soon joined them? What caused this interest in exploration?

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STANDARDTURNER MS: THE BEST MIDDLE SCHOOL IN GA

SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various world regions.

a. Identify the causes of European exploration and colonization; include religion, natural resources, a market for goods, and the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator.

b. Trace (map out) the empires (territories) of Portugal, Spain, England, and France in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.c. Trace the colonization of Australia by the United Kingdom.d. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak of WWI.

Essential Question(s):What were Europe’s colonies in Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas?

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I can trace the territories of Portugal, Spain, England and France in Asia, Africa and the Americas.

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Topic: Empires of Europe SS6H b)

Portugal

Crusades:

Name: _____________ Date: ____Period: __ TOC #: ___

Time Period/Routes

Spain

Important People/Explorers

England France

Motivation

Empire Territories

Assessment Prompts

Time Period/Routes

Time Period/Routes

Time Period/Routes

Motivation Motivation Motivation

Important People/Explorers

Empire Territories Empire Territories Empire Territories

#1

#2

#3

Impact

Write this down your EQ on the back of your TMAP: You will answer at the end.

• What were Europe’s colonies in Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas?

Hint: There were four main ones.

Assessment Prompts

• 1. What European countries had colonies on other continents?• 2. What is a colony?• 3. Where were these colonies

located?

Empire Building

• After the 14th century, Europe’s most powerful countries competed to see who could get the most colonies (colony).

• They wanted to build their Empire by taking over other parts of the world (Imperialism).

The Crusades (1096-1272)• Military expeditions sent by the Popes of the Roman Catholic

Church to capture the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks• Not successful, but had a few positive results:

Western Europeans learned to: •better maps•build better ships•Exposed Europeans to spices & goods from the East

Write this down!!!!!

Think-Pair-Share• Think: Think about the 3 positive results from the

Crusades• Pair: With a partner, tell each other the three positive

results• Share: With the group, share what we’ve just

discussed.

• 40 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

Trade Routes

• 1400s—major trade routes from the East to Europe went through 2 Italian cities (Venice & Genoa)• -Italian merchants marked up the prices on the

jewels, fragrances, woods and finished goods & sold them throughout Europe.

• Portugal, Spain, France, and England resented the huge profits made by Italians. Since they controlled the trade routes through Mediterranean Sea they began to look for other routes to the India, China and Spice Islands.

“Scramble for Africa”

Led to the colonization of most of the continent.

Spain and Portugal: Treaty of Tordesillas

• Portugal and Spain claimed territories in the New World before any other European powers.

• Since both nations were Catholic, the Pope drew a line on the map showing which territories would belong to Portugal and which ones belonged to Spain

Spain and Portugal: Treaty of Tordesillas

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Think about the Treaty of Tordesillas • Pair: With a partner, ask who came up with the Treaty• Share: With the group, share what we’ve just discussed.

• 40 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

1st Box: Portugal’s Empire

• Time Period/Routes: 15th century: led the world in sea exploration and explored the western coast of Africa

• Motivation: find a trade route around Africa to Asia• Believed they could make a lot of money as traders if they

could get Asian goods for a cheaper price

Also wanted to spread Christianity along Africa’s west coast

Important People: Prince Henry the Navigator• Son of the Portuguese king• 1st to start the colonial empires.• created a naval observatory that taught students

navigation, astronomy, & cartography • Sent more than 50 expeditions down the west coast

of Africa and a route to India and China but never visited them. -Wanted to establish Portuguese colonies &

break the Muslim hold on trade routes

Prince Henry the Navigator

Institute of Sagres

Prince Henry the Navigator• Unable to make money trading gold, so he tried

creating sugar cane plantations• --Sugar cane was a very profitable crop, but

required lots of labor• Henry imported slaves from Africa to work

the fields• --This was successful & was later copied in

the New World• --Encouraged a slave trade that lasted

another 400 years…

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Think about the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator

• Pair: With a partner, where did Prince Henry ships sail from?

• Share: With the group, share what we’ve just discussed about Prince Henry.

• 40 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

Portugal’s Empire

• Explorers: Bartolomeu Dias (one of Prince Henry Sailors) reached the southern tip of Africa called The Cape of Good Hope and The Indian Ocean.

• Explorers: Vasco da Gama, another explorer, later sailed around the cape and continued to India.

Portugal’s Empire

• For decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore East Asia where they established forts & trading posts• By 1571, a string of outposts connected Portugal to

Africa, India, South Pacific Islands, & Japan• Portugal grew wealthy from these trade routes, but…• Its most profitable colony was Brazil in South

America. Brazil was a Portuguese Colony until 1822.

Territories: Portugal• The Portuguese Empire included the area known today as

Brazil and much of the West Coast of Africa.

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Think about the colonies/territories of Portugal

• Pair: With a partner list the colonies of Portugal • Share: With the group, share what we’ve just

discussed about Portugal

• 40 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

• According to legend, beyond this point in an area known as the "Green Sea of Darkness," the sun was so close to the Earth that a person’s skin would burn black, the sea boiled, ships caught on fire, and monsters hid waiting to smash the ships and eat the sailors. It took fourteen voyages over a period of 12 years until a ship finally reached the equator.

According to legend, beyond this point in an area known as the "Green Sea of Darkness," the sun was so close to the Earth that a person’s skin would burn black, the sea boiled, ships caught on fire, and monsters hid waiting to smash the ships and eat the sailors. It took fourteen voyages over a period of 12 years until a ship finally reached the equator.

Spain’s Empire

• Time Period/Routes: 15th Century: Spanish explorers were searching for a trade route through or around North & South America to Asia

• Motivation Wanted to find a quicker route to the gold & spices in Asia.

Spain

• Spain controlled most of the New World (North America and South America), and parts of Europe, Africa, and the Philippines in Asia

Important People/Explorers: Christopher Columbus

• 1490s—C.C., an Italian, was given ships & sailors by the Spanish monarchy• --They wanted him to try to find a

quick route through the Atlantic Ocean to Asia

• He discovered the Bahamas, but thought he was in Asia… “East Indies”• --Later, it was realized that he

“discovered” 2 new continents (North and South America)

• Exploration of these areas brought great wealth to Spain

Territories: Spain’s Empire

• Huge empire that spanned the globe• Spanish conquistadors conquered the Inca and Aztec

civilizations in the 1500’s (South America)• More Motivation• --Looking for gold & spices• --Used missionaries to convert natives to Christianity

• Claimed huge areas of North & South America & ruled over them for 300 years

Think-Pair-Share• Think: Think about the colonies/territories of

Spain• Pair: With a partner list the colonies of Spain• Share: With the group, share 3 important

points about Christopher Columbus

• 40 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

(Britain) England’s Empire

• England used to be one of three countries (England, Scotland, & Wales) shared an island.

• Time Period: 1700’s, the three united and became Great Britain

• British empire was the largest in history• --At its peak, Great Britain controlled: Canada,

Australia, India, much of Africa, and numerous islands

Britain (England)• By the 18th century, the British Empire was the

most powerful in Europe• Territories: had colonies in in North America,

Africa, the Caribbean, India, and Australia

(Britain) England’s Empire

• North America came under British control in the 1700s• --Lost American colonies in 1776 and U.S became

an independent country. • --Maintained control over Canada until 20th century

• Great Britain colonized Australia in 1788• Motivation--Used it as a penal (prison) colony to

relieve overcrowded jails in England

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Think about the colonies/territories of Britain• Pair: With a partner list the colonies of Britain• Share: With the group, discuss why Britain was the

most powerful during the 18th century.

• 40 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

France’s Empire

• Time Period: French possessed colonies around the world from 1600 to 1900

• Motivation: Imperialism. Also dominated much of the European continent --By 1812, France controlled much of

Germany, Italy, & France

France’s Empire• Time Period: Established other colonies in the 16th-

17th centuries:• --Islands in the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean,

the South Pacific, the North Pacific, & the North Atlantic

• France also maintained influence in Canada, South America, Southeast Asia, & Northwest Africa

Territories: France• The French Empire consisted of colonies in North

America, Asia, and the West Indies• The French lost many of these to Britain, but it still

controlled part of Asia, North America and eventually parts of West Africa

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Think about the colonies/territories of France• Pair: With a partner list the colonies of France• Share: With the group, discuss what motivated

France to colonize other areas.

• 30 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

Impact: Imperialism = Injustice

• Impact #1: European nations showed little respect for the indigenous (native) peoples they colonized.

• Impact #2: Using military force and slave labor, they exploited (oppressed) conquered territories while they increased their wealth and power.

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Think about imperialism• Pair: With a partner discuss the two impacts of

imperialism • Share: With the group, discuss how may imperialism

a bad or good thing.

• 30 seconds….1…2…3… Go!

Jigsaw Instructions

• On your own separate sheet of paper.• Everyone will write each question and answer in

complete sentences. Watch spelling and punctuation!!

• Return back to base camp and share your answers with your Base Camp partners.

• 20 Minutes to complete• Whatever is not completed in class, it is for

homework!

Jigsaw: Base Camp• Gold Group

What natural resources were Europeans looking for? Where did Europeans have to go to get silk and spices? Why did Europeans want a Sea Route to Asia? Why was trading through the Mediterranean so expensive?

• God / Glory Group What did Europeans believe they had to spread? Why did European countries want colonies? Why did European colonies want new markets? What is imperialism?

• Prince Henry the Navigator What country was he the ruler of? What was he the first to do? What did he open? Where/When did he open it?

Reasons for ExplorationDiscussion

Face partners, tell one another one reason European countries wanted to explore the world.1:30 minute and thirty seconds

There were many reasons for the exploration of the world by the Europeans starting in the 1400’s. Some of those reasons are:* To find a sea route to the spices of Asia.* To find gold, silver, and precious stones.* To expand their knowledge of the world.* To build and control larger empires.* To expand the Christian religion.* To find natural resources for their newly created factories

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Sample Question for H6a (OAS Database)In the 1400s, this man helped Portugal take an early lead in exploration by providing money to study navigation, develop better boats, and encourage voyages along the coast of Africa. Who was he?A. Christopher ColumbusB. Prince HenryC. Francisco PizarroD. Vasco de Gama

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Government ReviewSample Question for CG4bYou live in a small country ruled by one man, who is also the head of the military. The only TV and radio stations you have are owned and run by the government. You can access the Internet, but you can only see certain government-approved websites. Although your country has elections, you are only allowed to vote for your current leader. People who criticize or protest against the government are jailed or executed.Which form of government best describes the government where you live?A. autocratic B. parliamentary C. democratic D. oligarchic

Why did you select your answer?

12. Which phrase BEST describes a confederation? a. the local governments have all the powerb. the central government has all the powerc. the dictator has all the power.13. In a unitary government, a. the local governments have all the powerb. the central government has all the power c. the president has all the power.14. In a federal government, a. the power is shared between the central and local governmentsb. the central government has all the powerc. the dictator has all the power

Assessment Prep