Unit OneUnit One

Colonization to Colonization to Proclamation of Proclamation of

17631763

Beginning in the 15Beginning in the 15thth century, (1400s) European century, (1400s) European nations began establishing colonies in the nations began establishing colonies in the Americas. Spain, France and Great Britain Americas. Spain, France and Great Britain (England) claimed colonies in North America.(England) claimed colonies in North America.

Chesapeake BayChesapeake Bay

JamestownJamestown- 1607 the first - 1607 the first permanent English settlement permanent English settlement

Settled by the Virginia CompanySettled by the Virginia Company MotivationMotivation-For profit $$$-For profit $$$ Men and boys at firstMen and boys at first Looked for goldLooked for gold ““Starving time” 1609-1610- only Starving time” 1609-1610- only

61 0f the 500 colonists survived61 0f the 500 colonists survived

John SmithJohn Smith assumed the assumed the leadership of the leadership of the settlement which suffered settlement which suffered from disease, starvation, from disease, starvation, and conflicts with the and conflicts with the Native Americans Native Americans

John RolfeJohn Rolfe introduced introduced tobacco or “brown gold” tobacco or “brown gold” but needed more labor to but needed more labor to expand growth and profitsexpand growth and profits

PocahontaPocahontass- - married married John RolfeJohn Rolfe

To encourage people to come to To encourage people to come to Jamestown, the British began Jamestown, the British began using the using the Headright SystemHeadright System ( anyone who paid for their own ( anyone who paid for their own and/or another persons passage and/or another persons passage received 50 acres of land)received 50 acres of land)

They also began using They also began using Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants (work for 4 (work for 4 to 7 years to pay off debt of to 7 years to pay off debt of passage to the colonies)passage to the colonies)

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies – formed – formed in large part by those seeking in large part by those seeking religious freedom religious freedom

The first was the Plymouth The first was the Plymouth colony in Mass. -Pilgrims on the colony in Mass. -Pilgrims on the ship the Mayflower-1620ship the Mayflower-1620

Education was important to Education was important to read the Bibleread the Bible

– – economic life based on economic life based on shipping, fishing, ship shipping, fishing, ship building, and lumber (small building, and lumber (small farms)farms)

– – government heavily government heavily influenced by religion- the influenced by religion- the Puritans Puritans

The PuritansThe PuritansOne of the groups that was unhappy with the power and politics of the Church of England. They came to America for the complete religious freedom they did not have in England.

Beliefs: - man is basically evil, church attendance was mandatory- harsh punishments for those that strayed from the church

Middle coloniesMiddle colonies (NY,Penn.,NJ, Del.)(NY,Penn.,NJ, Del.)– – fertile soil fertile soil for wheat and grains for wheat and grains -trade/commerce- coastal ports -trade/commerce- coastal ports cities cities

-known for religious tolerance -known for religious tolerance and trade-Quakers- Act of and trade-Quakers- Act of Toleration in Maryland Toleration in Maryland (Catholics)(Catholics)

- - religious tolerance led to religious tolerance led to estab. of principle of sep. of estab. of principle of sep. of church and state church and state

-Most diverse in terms of -Most diverse in terms of population and religionpopulation and religion

- Growing Urban population- Growing Urban population

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies – life and – life and the economy revolved around the economy revolved around the plantation and slavery – the plantation and slavery – large cash crops- tobacco-rice-large cash crops- tobacco-rice-indigoindigo

cottoncotton

- No education for most- No education for most

- class system- (society divided - class system- (society divided into social classes)into social classes)

- Anglicans, Methodists and Baptists - Anglicans, Methodists and Baptists later (poorer people)later (poorer people)

Take a quizTake a quiz

Early Government in Early Government in ColoniesColonies

From the beginning, we From the beginning, we see interest in self-see interest in self-government based on government based on British law British law

Copied the political Copied the political traditions of the mother traditions of the mother countrycountry

Colonists took concepts Colonists took concepts fromfrom

the the Magna CartaMagna Carta (1215): (1215): -forced King John to sign-forced King John to sign - limits the king’s power - limits the king’s power

by lawby law - no one is above the law- no one is above the law -part of the historical -part of the historical

process that led to process that led to constitutional law constitutional law

and the and the English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights (1688) (1688) (limited government)(limited government)

It limits on the powers of sovereign It limits on the powers of sovereign (king)(king)

sets out the rights of Parliament and sets out the rights of Parliament and rules for freedom of speech in rules for freedom of speech in ParliamentParliament

requires regular elections to requires regular elections to ParliamentParliament

right to petition the monarch without right to petition the monarch without fear of retributionfear of retribution

Self-governmentSelf-government Ex. Ex. The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact - -It was It was

in essence a in essence a social contract in in which the settlers consented to which the settlers consented to follow the compact's rules and follow the compact's rules and regulations for the sake of survivalregulations for the sake of survival

Colonial experience and distance from Eng. fostered development of democratic institutions

The New England town meetings-popular sovereignty (people vote

to make their own decisions) & limited gov’t

House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses – – the first representative the first representative legislative body in the legislative body in the colonies colonies

(Virginia-1619)(Virginia-1619)

John Locke’s John Locke’s (English (English philosopher) philosopher) ideas influenced the ideas influenced the colonistscolonists

Locke believed in three Locke believed in three Natural Natural Rights – life, liberty, and propertyRights – life, liberty, and property

Locke's political theory was founded on Locke's political theory was founded on social contract theory. In a theory. In a natural state all people were equal and all people were equal and independent, and everyone had a independent, and everyone had a natural right to defend his “Life, health, natural right to defend his “Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions", basis for the Liberty, or Possessions", basis for the phrase in the American Declaration of phrase in the American Declaration of Independence; Independence; ""Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness""..

Like Hobbes, Locke assumed that Like Hobbes, Locke assumed that people established a people established a civil society to to resolve conflicts in a civil way with help resolve conflicts in a civil way with help from governmentfrom government

Locke also advocated Locke also advocated governmental governmental separation of powers

-believed that revolution is not -believed that revolution is not only a only a right but an obligation in but an obligation in some circumstancessome circumstances

These ideas would These ideas would come to have come to have profound influence profound influence on the on the Declaration Declaration of Independence of Independence

and the and the

Constitution of the Constitution of the United StatesUnited States

The Enlightenment & The Great Awakening- 1740s

Enlightenment—intellectual movement that values reason and science

Great Awakening—revivals to restore Puritan dedication and intensity - revives religion, leads many to change congregations-more religious choice

Effects of the Great Awakening and Enlightenment

• Both movements lead people to question authority of church and state- belief in a free press- democratic thought- religious freedom

• Movements create atmosphere that leads to American Revolution

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening

Tensions rose between Tensions rose between Royal governors (appointed Royal governors (appointed by the king) and colonial by the king) and colonial legislature who created legislature who created laws, decided taxes as well laws, decided taxes as well as the governor’s salaryas the governor’s salary

These colonial assemblies These colonial assemblies felt they had the right to tax felt they had the right to tax based on gov’t traditionsbased on gov’t traditions

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONSAMPLE TEST QUESTION

1. How did a region help determine a1. How did a region help determine a colonist’s profession?colonist’s profession? A. Colonists were assigned jobs upon A. Colonists were assigned jobs upon arrival based on past experience. arrival based on past experience. B. Colonists trained in the same profession B. Colonists trained in the same profession tended to settle in one region.tended to settle in one region. C. A region’s available trade and agriculture C. A region’s available trade and agriculture made certain jobs more profitable. made certain jobs more profitable. D. Colonists could only be farmers in New D. Colonists could only be farmers in New England.England.

Answer = CAnswer = C

2. John is a Puritan 2. John is a Puritan merchant who can vote. merchant who can vote. Where does he MOST likely Where does he MOST likely live?live?A. MassachusettsA. MassachusettsB. VirginiaB. VirginiaC. PennsylvaniaC. PennsylvaniaD. Rhode IslandD. Rhode Island Answer = AAnswer = A

3. How did John Rolfe’s tobacco and the slaves 3. How did John Rolfe’s tobacco and the slaves seized by the English and Dutch in 1619 seized by the English and Dutch in 1619 transform Virginia’s economy?transform Virginia’s economy?A. Enslaved Africans and the Powhatan created A. Enslaved Africans and the Powhatan created a rival colony based on Rolfe’s tobacco.a rival colony based on Rolfe’s tobacco.B. The Dutch recovered the slave ship and B. The Dutch recovered the slave ship and stole Rolfe’s tobacco plant in the process.stole Rolfe’s tobacco plant in the process.C. The enslaved Africans improved upon C. The enslaved Africans improved upon Rolfe’s tobacco and created the crop that Rolfe’s tobacco and created the crop that stabilized Virginia’s economy.stabilized Virginia’s economy.D. Both established the primary crop and D. Both established the primary crop and workforce through which Virginia’s agriculture workforce through which Virginia’s agriculture grew.grew. Answer = DAnswer = D

African LaborAfrican Labor Many were captives, debtors, or Many were captives, debtors, or

criminals who were sold to criminals who were sold to European traders for weapons, European traders for weapons, jewelry, etc.jewelry, etc.

They were brought to the They were brought to the colonies by ship along the colonies by ship along the Middle Middle PassagePassage – the trip Africans made – the trip Africans made from Africa to the colonies.from Africa to the colonies.

(horrible conditions)(horrible conditions)

Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Triangular Trade- Triangular Trade- betw. Britain and American betw. Britain and American

coloniescolonies

The purpose of colonies: English settlers export raw materials and then import (and buy) manufactured goods

Mercantilism— a favorable balance of trade means more exports than imports- colonies are to make money for the mother country thru trade

Salutary neglect – England does not enforce

laws if colonies are economically loyal & profitable – colonies begin to govern themselves (Colonists still consider themselves British but want greater political & economic freedom)

The French and Indian War 1754- 1763

In 1750s, Britain & France compete for land and resources; both want Ohio River Valley

Results Results :: 1. The colonies gained 1. The colonies gained self-self-

confidenceconfidence and valuable military and valuable military experience (guerrilla warfare)experience (guerrilla warfare)

2. The colonists saw the need for 2. The colonists saw the need for colonial unitycolonial unity in order to meet in order to meet common problemscommon problems

3. 3. Proclamation of 1763-Proclamation of 1763- ““NO settlement in western land NO settlement in western land until further notice” – until further notice” – do not cross the Appalachian Mtns

4. Place the colonies under strict 4. Place the colonies under strict political and economic rule EX. political and economic rule EX. Quartering of British troopsQuartering of British troops

5. Taxed the colonies to pay for the 5. Taxed the colonies to pay for the warwar