pontiac's rebellion and proclamation of 1763
TRANSCRIPT
Bell Ringer
Study for quiz over standards 8.15, 8.16, and 8.19.
Pontiac and the
Proclamation of
1763ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DID PONTIAC'S REBELLION PUSH COLONISTS CLOSER TO REVOLUTION?
Post-war Indian Relations
General Jeffery Amherst-British general in charge of organizing the territory gained in the French and Indian War
Territory gained in the war consisted of modern-day states of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and the Canadian province of Ontario
Sir William Johnson-British head of the Indian Department
The Indians were surprised by the French surrender and refused to acknowledge defeat
Amherst's Policies
Amherst viewed the Indians as a conquered people rather than equal neighbors
He reduced the number of forts in the area
Discontinued the French practice of giving annual gifts to the tribes; Amherst viewed this practice as blackmail
He restricted the sale of gunpowder and weapons to the Indians. This limited their ability to hunt for food and furs.
These policies were opposed by Johnson
Indian Response
A respected Indian known as the Delaware Prophet began to preach that tribes needed to return to traditional ways and reject the British.
Chief Pontiac- leader of the Ottawa tribe, former ally of the French, and charismatic speaker.
Pontiac united many of the tribes in the area
In May 1763, he led 300 men to attack Fort Detroit. The British were ready for the attack, so Pontiac laid siege to the fort.
This was the beginning of Pontiac's Rebellion.
Pontiac's Rebellion
The British sent reinforcements to
Fort Detroit, but Pontiac defeated
them in July 1763.
Pontiac gave up his siege of Fort
Detroit in the fall of 1763 when he
realized the French were not
coming to help.
Other Indians inspired by Pontiac
attacked British forts throughout
the territory.
A total of 8 British forts were
captured by various Indian tribes.
Fort Pitt became the next target.
Pontiac's Rebellion
Fort Pitt was placed under siege.
Amherst responded by ordering
that Indian prisoners be killed.
Amherst also planned to spread
small pox among the Indians by
giving them infected blankets.
Colonel Henry Bouquet led a force
to relieve Fort Pitt. He defeated
the Indian force at the Battle of
Bushy Run and ended the siege of
Fort Pitt.
Amherst was replaced by Major
General Thomas Gage.
The Paxton Boys Paxton was a small town in
Pennsylvania. They requested
soldiers, or at least guns, from the
state legislature to defend
themselves.
The legislature which was filled
with Quakers refused.
The Paxton Boys decided to raid
local Indian villages.
The attacked a friendly village
and killed 6 Indians while taking
another 14 prisoners.
The 14 prisoners were eventually
killed.
The Paxton Boys Several Indians fled to Philadelphia
to seek protection from the Paxton Boys.
Several hundred Paxton Boys marched towards Philadelphia in January 1764.
They were angered that the government would protect Indians and not citizens.
An attack on Philadelphia was avoided when the government agreed to meet with the Paxton Boys regarding their concerns.
The agreement was negotiated by Benjamin Franklin.
End of Rebellion
Under the direction of General Gage, most of the fighting was over by 1764.
Pontiac did not sign a formal peace treaty until he met with Johnson in 1766. This officially ended the rebellion.
The peace treaty granted Pontiac a full pardon.
Three years later, while visiting Illinois, Pontiac was stabbed and killed by a Peoria Indian.
Pontiac's tribe nearly wiped out the Peoria tribe in revenge.
Proclamation of 1763 England responded to Pontiac's
Rebellion by issuing the Proclamation of 1763.
This prohibited settlement of any land to the west of the beginning of any river that flowed into the Atlantic Ocean.
The colonists believed this was an attempt by England to keep them close to the Atlantic shore so they could be easily controlled.
England built a line of forts to prevent westward expansion.
England said the forts were for colonial defense and therefore they taxed the colonists to pay for them.
Summarizer
3-People
2-Places
1-Question
Extension Activity
Create a comic book telling the story of Pontiac's
Rebellion. Use illustrations. Tell the story using the
frame-by-frame method of a comic book. Include
as much content from today's lesson as possible.
Write only on one side of the paper.