unit 7 the urinary system. essential questions what are the functions of the kidney? how is urine...
TRANSCRIPT
Essential Questions
• What are the functions of the kidney?
• How is urine formed and what are the components of urine?
• How does what we ingest have an effect on our urine?
• What role does ADH play in urine formation?
Day 1
• Required Readings:• 16.1, 16.2
• Learning Objectives:• Identify the organs of the urinary system and
describe their general functions• Describe the structure and blood supply of the
kidney• Describe the structure and functions of a nephron• Compare filtration, tubular reabsorption, and
tubular secretion• Explain how urine is formed
Starter• Bozeman Video: Osmoregulation
• What is the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator?
• How are salt water and fresh water fish’s urine different?
• What is/are:• Nephrons• Loop of Henle• Glomerulus• Collecting duct
• Time: 20 minutes
Activity 1
• What are the 3 functions of the kidney?
• Write a poem that outlines the functions of the kidney
• Time: 20 minutes
Activity 2
• On poster paper, draw a picture of a nephron and include the following structures:• Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, descending
limb, ascending limb, collecting duct, loop of Henle
• On the ascending limb, descending limb, and collecting duct, include the following:• Where water is absorbed/secreted • Where salt is absorbed/secreted
• Time: 40 minutes
Closing
• Why is water removed in the descending limb only to be reabsorbed in the ascending limb?
• Which hormone is responsible in urine production?
• How does urine production alter with the consumption of the following:
• Caffeine• Alcohol• Excess water• Not enough water?
Day 2
• Required Readings:• Kidney Dissection
• Learning Objectives:• To identify the structures and functions
of the structures of the kidney• To determine the fate of a soda
molecule
Answers• Kidney
• 1) Renal cortex• 2) Renal medulla• 3) Renal pelvis (minor/major calyx)• 4) Nephron• 5) Ureter
• Nephron• A) Glomerulus • B) Descending limb• C) Loop of Henle• D) Ascending Limb• E) Collecting Duct
Activity 1
• Kidney dissection
• Read through the instructions and dissect with your group
• Clean up when you are finished
• Time: 30 minutes
Activity 2
• Using the powerpoint slides as a guide, write a story explaining what happens to a coke when you drink it
• Use a diagram to help aid your explanation
• Time: 20 minutes
Day 3
• Required Readings:• 16.3
• Learning Objectives:• Explain how water and electrolyte
balance and pH balance are maintained in body fluids
• Explain how nitrogenous wastes are kept within normal limits in body fluids
Starter
• The following four hormones act on the kidneys:• Aldosterone• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)• Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)• Parathyroid hormone
• What is the function of these hormones?
• Where do the hormones come from?
• Time: 15 minutes
Activity 1
• Read through “The 2000-Meter Row: A Case in Homeostasis” with your group
• For the questions, there are 2 systems we haven’t talked about yet (nervous, endocrine), but try your best to incorporate those systems into your answers• The hormones you can talk about are the 4
that act on the kidneys as well as epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Time: 30 minutes
Activity 2
• You will be assigned numbers 1-4
• Move to your new group and discuss what was happening physiologically to Jim during his 2000m race
• Time: 15 minutes
Activity 3
• Create a poster for the athletes at TASOK explaining the importance water intake• Everyone will create one
• Ideas to get you started:• How does dehydration negatively effect their
performance?• What are some long-term effects of dehydration• What are good drinks to have during and after
exercise? (Think: electrolyte balance)• What advantage would monitoring their pee
have? How should it look?
• Time: 30 minutes
Closing & Homework
• What hormones act on the kidneys and what are their functions?
• How does water intake effect an athlete’s performance?
• Homework:• Coke story• Water poster• Read 16.4, 16.5
Day 4
• Required Readings:• 16.4, 16.5
• Learning Objectives:• Describe the structure and function of
the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
• Describe the control of micturition• Indicate the normal components of
urine
Starter
• What are the components in urine?
• What components would be a concern if they were found in the urine?• What could a potential diagnosis be if
these components are found in the urine?
• Time: 10 minutes
Activity 1
• Create a model of the structures involved in micturition
• The model should be a working model that shows what happens when urine enters the bladder• i.e. How much urine can the bladder hold?• What happens when urine accumulates in
the bladder?
• Time: 20 minutes
Activity 2
• Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis
• You will need a hot plate, test tubes, test tube rack, and test tube tongs
• Put everything you used that needs to be washed in the sink after
• Please put the dissecting pans, dissecting kits and stopwatches back in your lab bench when completed
• Time: 45 minutes
Closing
• What could the presence of glucose indicate?
• What could the presence of protein indicate?
Day 5
• Required Readings:• Modeling Kidney Function
• Learning Objectives:• Investigate the function of a human kidney
by constructing a model• Understand the mechanism of urine
formation in the kidney• Observe osmosis as it relates to kidney
filtration• Relate kidney function to homeostasis
Starter
• What is the function of kidneys with regards to waste materials and blood composition?
• How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis of body fluids?
• Time: 10 minutes
Activity 1• Describe the flow of urine and what happens
in each of the following structures:• Nephron• Ureter• Ascending tubule• Bowman’s capsule• Bladder• Collecting duct• Glomerulus• Descending tubule• Urethra
• Time: 20 minutes
Activity 2
• Read through “Modeling Kidney Function” with your group
• Explain to me what you are going to do before you begin
• Clean-up when complete
• Time: 30 minutes
Activity 3
• “Going Further”
• Work with your group in the computer lab to complete the first paragraph in this section
• Time: 25 minutes
Day 6
• Required Readings:• Urinalysis Lab
• Learning Objectives:• Analyze urine samples for colour, pH,
glucose, protein, and specific gravity• Use data collected from the tests to
determine potential causes of abnormal results
Activity 1
• Read through “Activity 2” that starts on page S-6
• Each student will test their own urine and answer the lab questions (1-3) for their own sample
• Create a data table to hand in with your answers
• Time: 10 minutes
Activity 2
• Obtain a sample of your urine to test• You do not need to fill the cup
completely – you only need ~25mL
• Complete the tests for your sample
• Clean up when complete• Throw anything that has touched your
urine into the bin (pipettes, cups, paper towel, glucose strips, etc.)
• Time: 45 minutes
Closing
• What could the following indicate if found in urine?• High pH• Glucose• Protein
• Time: 5 minutes
Day 7
• Required Readings:• 16.6
• Learning Objectives:• Describe the common disorders of the
urinary system
Activity 1• Choose any 3 of the following disorders to research:
• Kidney stone, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection (UTI), hematuria, kidney disease, urinary incontinence
• Present your findings to me in any way you choose, for example:• Powerpoint, Table/chart, Venn diagram, Poem, Song,
Comic Strip, Diagram, Flow chart, etc.
• What to include:• Cause(s)• Signs & Symptoms• Treatments• Statistics